药学专用英语词汇专家讲座

ProfessionalGlossary

第1页ContentGMPGlossaryPharmaceuticalterms

FDAGlossaryEtyma&AffixFOODANDDRUGADMINISTRATION

GoodManufacturingPractice

（美国）食品药物管理局

药物生产质量管理规范

第2页FDAGlossary临床实验原则药物

药物产品

原料药副作用国家处方集

美国药典StandardDrugClinicalTrialDrugProductDrugSubstanceAdverseEffectTheUnitedStatesPharmacopeiaNationalFormulary第3页FDAGlossary标示量

规格含量

注册商标

不良反映AdverseReactionLabeledAmountStrengthProprietaryName第4页GMPGlossary原料药又称:活性药物组分

批次

批号新药申请

批量生产处方药

非处方药

Batch/Lot

API(ActivePharmaceuticalIngredient)

BatchNumber/Lot-Number

NewDrugApplication

BatchProduction

OTCDrug(Over-The-CounterDrug)

PrescriptionDrug

第5页GMPAbbreviateGCP

GLPA．A．A

ADR

AQL

BOM

CIP

GoodLaboratoryPracticeGoodClinicalPracticeAdditionandAmendmentsAdverseDrugReactionAcceptableQualityLevelCleaninginPlaceBillofMaterial药物临床研究管理规范药物临床前安全性研究质量管理规范增补和修订药物不良反映合格质量原则物料清单在线清洗第6页FDAAbbreviateGAP

PLAQA

QCSDA

TQCUSPProductLicenseApplicationGoodAgriculturePracticeQualityAssuranceQualityControlStateDrugAdministrationUnitedStatesPharmacopeiaTotalQualityControl药材生产管理规范产品许可申请质量保证质量控制国家药物监督管理局全面质量管理美国药典第7页Pharmaceuticalterms

PPb浓度partsperbillionconcentration(10-9)PPt浓度partspertrillionconcentration(10-12)ppm浓度partspermillionconcentration(10-6)

安全范畴safetyrange安全实验法innocuitytestmethod安全系统safetycoefficient安慰剂placebo螯合剂chelatingagent靶细胞targetcell百分浓度percentageconcentration半数致死剂量halflethaldose;medianlethaldose;LD50半衰期half-lifeperiod;halflifetime包衣片coatedtablet薄膜衣film-coating

第8页Pharmaceuticalterms

饱和溶液saturatedsolution必需脂肪酸essentialfattyacid变态反映allergy;allergicreaction表面活性surfaceactivity表面张力surfacetension补体complement补体系统complementsystem不良反映adversereaction长期毒性实验longtermtoxicitytest长效制剂prolongedactionpreparation肠溶控释片entericcontrolledreleasetablets肠溶衣entericcoating

第9页Pharmaceuticalterms

处方prescription;recipe穿透增进剂penetrationenhancers磁性药物制剂magneticmedicinalpreparations大分子macromolecule当量equivalentweight当量定律equivalentlaw当量浓度normality当量溶液normalsolution等张溶液isotonicsolution低聚糖oligosaccharide滴定titration滴定曲线titrationcurve滴丸剂pill递质transmitter电解electrolyzation电解质electrolyte定向药物制剂directedpharmaceuticalpreparations

第10页Pharmaceuticalterms

毒理学toxicology毒性反映toxicresponse;toxicreaction对症治疗symptomatictreatment多剂量给药multipledoseadministration二重感染superinfection法定处方officialformula芳族化合物aromaticcompound放射毒理学radiotoxicology放射药剂学radiopharmaceutics非必需氨基酸nonessentialaminoacid分子病moleculardisease分子溶液molecularsolution分子生物学molecularbiology

第11页Pharmaceuticalterms

分子药理学molecularpharmacology辅料excipient副作用sideeffect附加剂additive干燥剂desiccant;dryingagent感受器receptor个体差别性individualdifferences;individualvariation给药方案或给药速度dosageregimenordoserate给药间隔dosinginterval工业药剂学industrialpharmacy共价键covalentbond广谱抗生素broad-spectrumantibiotic过滤filtration过敏性药物反映anaphylacticdrugreaction过氧化物superoxide含量均匀度contentuniformity核糖核酸ribonucleicacid;RNA

第12页Pharmaceuticalterms

合并用药drugcombination合成药物syntheticdrugs合剂mixture痕量元素traceelement化学分析chemicalanalysis化学药物治疗chemotherapy基本药物essentialdrugs基因gene激活剂activator激活作用activation激素hormone急性毒性实验acutetoxicitytest剂量dosage;dose剂量或浓度旳依存性doseorconcentrationdependency剂型dosageform

第13页Pharmaceuticalterms

嚼用片chewabletablets拮抗作用antagonism解毒作用detoxication介质mediator;transmitter;medium精神依赖性psychicdependence剧药powerfuldrug绝对致死剂量absolutelethaldose;LD100抗毒素antitoxin抗体antibody抗血清antiserum抗药性resistancetodrugs抗原antigen克当量gram-equivalentweight克当量数gram-equivalentnumber克分子gram-molecule;gram-mol克分子分数molarfraction克分子量grammolecularweight

第14页Pharmaceuticalterms

克分子浓度

molarconcentration克原子gram-atom控释制剂controlledreleasepreparation口腔内给药oraladministration扩散diffusion扩散系数coefficientofdiffusion累加效应additiveeffect冷藏cold-storage冷冻freezing;refrigeration量子药理学quantumpharmacology临床药理学clinicalpharmacology临床药学clinicalpharmacy慢通道slowpathway慢性毒性实验chronictoxicitytest;longtermtoxicitytest酶enzyme

第15页Pharmaceuticalterms

敏感性sensitivity摩尔分数浓度molfractionconcentration摩尔浓度molarity耐受性tolerance耐药性drugtolerance内消旋体mesomer皮肤给药skinadministration片剂硬度tablethardness气体分析gasanalysis身体依赖性physicaldependence渗入压osmoticpressure生长曲线growthcurve第16页Pharmaceuticalterms

生物半衰期

biologicalhalflife生物运用度bioavailability生物制品biologicalproduct生药crudedrugs手性药物chiraldrug受体receptor体积比浓度volumebyvolumeconcentration体液bodyfluid天然抗体naturalantibody天然抗原naturalantigen天然免疫naturalimmunity天然药物crudedrugs;naturaldrugs同位素isotope突变mutation外消旋体raceme微量元素traceelement稳态血药浓度steadystateplasmaconcentration第17页Pharmaceuticalterms

消除速率常数eliminationrateconstant效价potency效价单位potencyunit效价强度potencyintensity效应effect协同作用synergism兴奋性excitability悬浮液suspension选择性selectivity血管内给药intravascularadministration血管外给药extravascularadministration血浆plasma血浆蛋白结合率plasmaproteinbindingratio血清serum血药浓度bloodconcentration血液制品bloodproducts药—时曲线drug-timecurve药峰浓度peakconcentrationofdrug药峰时间peaktimeofdrug药剂等效性pharmaceuticalequivalence药敏实验drugsensitivetest第18页Pharmaceuticalterms

药物批号drugbatchnumber药物有效期expirydate;dateofexpiration药物质量原则drugstandard药物代谢drugmetabolism药物分布drugdistribution药物分析pharmaceuticalanalysis药物排泄drugexcretion药物吸取drugabsorption药物互相作用druginteraction药物消除drugelimination药物蓄积drugaccumulation药效动力学pharmacodynamics有效半衰期effectivehalt有效率effectiverate有效浓度effectiveconcentration阈剂量thresholddose直肠给药rectaladministration直线有关linearcorrelation第19页Pharmaceuticalterms

中华人民共和国卫生部药物原则DrugStandardofMinistryofPublicHealthofthePeople'sRepublicofChina最大耐受剂量maximaltolerabledose;LDO最大无作用剂量maxialnoneffectivedose;EDO最小明显差数leastsignificantdifference最小有效量minimaleffectivedose最小致死剂量minimallethaldose;MLD

第20页药物分析专业词汇翻译释药系统（drugdeliverysystem，DDS）中国药典（ChinesePharmacopoeia,ChP）美国药典（TheUnitedStatesPharmacopoeia,USP）美国国家处方集（TheNationalFormulary,NF）英国药典（BritishPharmacopoeia,BP）欧洲药典（EuropeanPharmacopoeia,Ph.Eup）国际药典（TheInternationalPharmacopoeia,Ph.Int）良好药物实验研究规范（GoodLaboratoryPractice,GLP）良好药物生产规范(GoodManufacturePractice,GMP)良好药物供应规范(GoodSupplyPractice,GSP)良好药物临床实验规范(GoodClinicalPractice,GCP)分析质量管理(AnalyticalQualityControl,AQC)药物旳鉴别实验identificationtest一般鉴别实验generalidentificationtest专属鉴别实验specificidentificationtest敏捷度sensitivity最低检出量minimumdetectablequantity最低检出浓度minimumdetectableconcentrationPharmaceuticalterms

第21页药物原则质量原则原则品国际原则品参比原则对照品规格药物质量控制分析质量控制性状drugstandardqualitystandardstandardsubstanceinternationalstandardsubstancereferencestandardreferencesubstancespecificationdrugqualitycontrolanalyticalqualitycontrolcharacteristics第22页鉴别限度检查吸光度吸光系数吸光度比值澄清度氯化物硫酸盐重金属identificationlimittestabsorbancespecificabsorbanceabsorbanceratioclaritychloridesulfateheavymetal第23页干燥失重含量测定含量均匀度溶出度崩解时限药物释放相对密度稳定性实验耐用性lossondryingassayuniformityofdosageunitsdissolutiondisintegrationdrugreleaserelativedensitystabilitystudyruggedness第24页炽灼残渣residueonignition热重分析法thermogravimetricanalysis,TGA差示热分析法differentialthermalanalysis,DTA差示扫描量热法differentialscanningcalorimetry,DSC全血wholeblood治疗药物浓度监测therapeuticdrugmonitoring,TDM结合bound游离free缀合物conjugate液-液提取法liquid-liquidextraction,LLE离子对试剂ionpairreagent离子对提取法ionpairextractionmethod反离子counter液-固提取法liquid-solidextractionLSE半自动样品制备系统advancedautomatedsampleprocessor,AASP精密度precision第25页原则差standarddeviation,SDorS相对原则差relativestandarddeviation,RSD变异系数coefficientofvariation,CV批内精密度within-runprecision日内精密度within-dayprecision批间精密度between-runprecision日间精密度daytodayprecision精确度accuracy定量限limitofquantitation,LOQ检测限limitofdetection,LOD选择性selectivity专属性specificity线性与范畴linearityandrange重现性reproducibility耐用性robustness第26页拖尾因子tailingfactor含量均匀度contentuniformity溶出度dissolution离子对高效液相色谱法ion-pair，HPLC超临界流体萃取supercriticalfluidextraction，SFE国际非专利药名InternationalNamesforPharmaceuticalSubstances，INN国际理论和应用化学联合会InternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry，IUPAC有机化学命名原则NomenclatureofOrganicChemistry填充柱packedcolumn开管柱opentubularcolumn空心柱capillarycolumn熔融石英开管柱fusedsilicaopentubularcolumn，FSOT高辨别率气相色谱法highresolutiongaschromatography，HRGC第27页壁涂开管柱wall-coatedopentubularcolumn，WCOT柱固定化相开管柱immobilizedphaseopentubularcolumn，IPOT柱交联柱crosslinkingcolumn键合相柱bondingphasecolumn担体涂渍开管柱support-coatedopentubularcolumn，SCOT柱分流进样splitinjection不分流进样splitlessinjection柱头进样on-columninjection直接进样directinjection手性分离色谱chiralseparationchromatography，CSC手性固定化chiralstationaryphase，CSP手性衍生试剂chiralderivatizationreagent，CDR非对映异构体diastereoisomer，DSTM第28页毛细管电泳capillaryelectrophoresis，CE毛细管区带电泳capillaryzoneelectrophoresis，CZE胶束动电毛细管色谱micellarelectrokineticcapillarychromatography，MECC胶束动电色谱micellarelectrokineticchromatography，MEKC环糊精动电色谱cyclodextrinselectrokineticchromatography，CDEKC离子互换动电色谱ion-exchangeelectrokineticchromatography，IEEKC微滴乳状液动电色谱microemulsionelectrokineticchromatography，MEEKC毛细管凝胶电泳capillarygelelectrophoresis，CGE毛细管等电聚焦capillaryisoelectricfocusing，CIEF毛细管等速电泳capillaryisotachorphoresis，CITP毛细管电色谱capillaryelectrochromatography，CEC色谱响应函数chromatographicresponsefunction，CRF色谱优化函数chromatographicoptimizationfunction，COF等级色谱响应函数hierarchicalchromatographicresponsefunction，HCRF差示分光光度法differencespectrophotometry近红外光谱nearinfra-redspectrum，NIRS中红外光谱midinfra-redspectrum，MIRS第29页光谱匹配法spectralmatching匹配指数matchindex，M.I.主成分分析法principalcomponentregression，PCR人工神经网络办法artificialneuralnetworks，ANN核磁共振nuclearmagneticresonance，NMR二维NMRtwodimensionalNMR色谱联用技术hyphenatedtechniqueschromatography，HTC接口interface重建色谱图reconstructivechromatogram总离子流totalioncarrent，TIC选择性离子监测selectedionmonitoring，SIM多离子检测multipleiondetection，MID质量碎片图谱法massfragmentography第30页电子轰击离子化electronimpactionization，EI化学离子化chemicalionization，CI快原子轰击fastatombombardment，FAB热喷雾thermospray，TSP电喷雾electrospray，ESP大气压离子化atmosphericpressureionization，API粒子束接口particalbeam动态快原子轰击法FAB离子喷雾接口ISP电子喷雾法ESP串联质谱MS-MS第31页Etyma&AffixesEtymahaplo,mono,uni：单，一，独haploid单倍体monoxide一氧化碳monoatomic单原子旳2.bi,di,dipl,twi,du:：二，双，两，偶biocolor双色,dichromatic双色旳,diplobacillus双杆菌dikaryon双核体,twin：孪生dual双重旳3.tri:三，丙triangle三角triacylglycerol三酰甘油tricarboxylicacidcycle三羧酸循环4.quadri,quadru,quart,tetr,tetra：四quadrilateral四边旳quadrivalent四价旳quadruped四足动物tetrode四极管tetracycline四环素第32页5.pent,penta,quique五pentose戊糖pentagon五角形pentane戊烷quintuple五倍旳pentose戊糖pentomer五邻粒6.hex,hexa,sex六hexose已糖hexapod六足动物hexapoda昆虫纲hexamer六聚体7.hepta,sept七heptane庚烷heptose庚糖heptoglobin七珠蛋白Etyma&Affixes第33页Pharmaceuticalterms

8.Oct八octagon八角形octane辛烷octase辛糖9.enne,nona九nonapeptide九肽enneahedron九面体10.deca,deka十decapod十足目动物decahedron十面体decagram十克11.deci,十分之一，分

decimeter分米decigram十分之一克12.milli,千分之一，毫millimole毫摩（尔）milliliter毫升13.micro,百万分之一，微，微小，微量microgram微克microogranism微生物14.nano十亿分之一，毫微，纳nanosecond十亿分之一秒nanometer纳米第34页Pharmaceuticalterms

15.demi,hemi,semi半demibariel半桶hemicerebrum大脑半球semi-conductor半导体16.holo全，整体，完全holoenzyme全酶holoprotein全蛋白17.macro大，巨大，多macrophage巨噬细胞macrogamete大配子macroelement常量元素mac