高考一轮：选修8Unit2Cloning

英语学习讲义英语学习讲义好好努力梦想终会实现 好好努力梦想终会实现 二百两语.Thankstothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,humansocietyhasenjoyedcontinuousprosperityandmoreconvenience.Humancloning,whichisexpectedtocuremanyseriousdiseasesandsavelives,butmaybringdisastersofsocialmorality.Howtodealwiththeprogressof.科学技术在历史上已经彻底地改变了我们的生活，特别是在上个世纪。Scienceandtechnologyhavechangedoulifethoroughlythroughoutthehistory,especiallyinthelastcentury..量尢疑问，我们在许多不同的方面受益于科学的进步。Thereisnodoubtthatwebenefitalotfromthescientificadvancementsinmany

scienceandtechnologyproperlyisworthourcarefulconsideration.differentways.［单词拼写应用］核心单词altogetheradv.总共；完全地forbidvt.禁止;不准exactadj.精确的；准确的owevt.欠（账、钱、人情等）；归功于……shortlyadv.立刻；不久bothervt.打扰vi.操心n.烦扰strikevt.&vi.打:撞击；罢工n.罢工drawbackn.缺点；不利条件breakthroughn.突破obtainvt.获得;赢得undertakevt.看手；从事；承担［语境运用］用所给词的适当形式填空.(全国卷H)Itstruck(strike)methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreatmomentforallthegirlsontheteam..(全国卷)Althoughwe'vebeendelightedtohaveyouasneighbours,we'rehopingtosettlesomethingthatbothers(bother)us..Nowadays,energycanbeobtained(obtain)throughvarioussourcessuchasoil,coal,naturalgas,solarheat,thewindandoceantides..Ourschoolisanon-smokingschool.Sosmokingisforbidden(forbid)here..Butjustasacoinhastwosides,Internethasitsowndrawbacks(drawback)whichshouldnotbeneglected.

12.unableadj.不能的；不会的拓展单词.differvi.不同；相differentadj.不同的fdifferencen.差异；/、同.correctadj.止确的v.改正-^correctionn.改正；纠正；修正.objectvi.反对；不赞成fobjectionn.不赞成；反对；异议.accumulatevt.&vi.积累；聚积—accumulationn.积累；增加.retirevi.退休；离开fretirementn.退休；引退.assumevt.假定；设想fassumptions假定;设想.regulatevt.调节；管理「regulationn.规则；规章；法规.popularadj.流行的;通俗的；受欢迎的fpopular的n.受人喜爱；流行.resistvt.抵抗；对抗fresistancen.抵抗；对抗fresistantadj.有抵抗力的；抵制的.decoratev.装饰；装修fdecorationn.装饰；装修［语境运用］用所给词的适当形式填空Thepurposeofeducationisnotonlytheaccumulationofknowledge.Anditalsomeansaccumulatingintelligenceaswellasabilities.(accumulate)Fromtheappearance,wecannottellthedifferencesbetweenthetwins,thoughtheyalwayshavesomedifferentideas.Andasforthisphenomenon,ideasdifferamongmanypeople.(differ)Greydecidedtomovetothecountrysideandhismothermadenoobjectiontoit,whilehisfatherobjectedtoit.(object)Don'tassumethatyouareaprincessandstoplivinginassumptionsanymore.(assume).Nowadaysfewpeoplecanresistthetemptationofsmartphones,forsomanyinterestingthingsinthemmakeanyonetryingtoberesistanttothemfinallygiveuptheirresistance(resist)

阅读单词straightforwardadj.简单的：直接的；坦率的proceduren.程序：步骤：手续merelyadv.仅：只：不过impactn.撞击：冲击：巨大的影响moraladj.道德(上)的；伦理的castvt.扔；投；掷identicaladj.同一的；一模一样的initialadj.最初的；开始的vainadj.虚荣的：自负的；徒劳的adorevt.崇拜：爱慕；喜爱faten.命运；天命. mediumn.(pl.media)媒介；手段；工具13.conservativeadj.保守的；守旧的.compulsoryadj.必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的.commercialadj.商业的；贸易的.complicatedadj.复杂的；难懂的.hatchvt.&vi.孵出；孵卵；孵化.reasonableadj.合情理的；讲道理的：公道的错误！未指定书签。 （2017天津卷）Thiscombinationofhealingmyselfandhealingtheworldstruckmeastheperfectsolution!上人觉得［短语多维应用］高频短语castdown使失望;使沮丧infavourof赞成；支持bringbacktolife使复生；使复活（be）boundto（do）…一定或注je（做）ingood/poorcondition状况很好（坏）；情况很好（坏）［语境运用］（填入一个适当的词）Areyou①jnfavourofcloninghumanbeings?Especiallywhenyourhealthis②inpoorcondition,youare③boundtowanttobringyourselfback®tolife.Don'tworry.Humancloningtechnologydoesn'tcastyou⑤down.objectto反对payoff得到好结果；取得成功；偿清invain白费力汽；枉费心机fromtimetotime不时；偶尔stnke…intoone'sheart使亥U骨铭心［语境运用］（填入一个适当的词）Onlyifyoudon'tobject®tocloninghumanbeingscanwhatyoudoforyourhealthpays©off.Thesuccessfulorgans'cloningcontributestothepatients'recovery.Ibelieveitwillstriketheadvancedmedicaltechnology⑧intoyourheart.［句式结构仿写］教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1.(1)完全倒装(2)that引导同位语从然后传来了令人兴奋的消息，我们队赢

句ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.得了比赛。Thencametheexcitingnewsthatourteamwonthegame.2.Theadvantageisthat...“其优点是……”，that引导表语从句Theadvantageisthatifthereisanew川nesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie,butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.骑自行车上班的优点是我们可以过一种低碳生活。Theadvantageofcyclingtoworkisthatwecanlivealow-carbonlife.objectvi反对；不赞成n.物体；目标(1)objecttosb./sth反对/不赞成某人/某事objecttodoingsth反对做某事(2)objectionn.反对；厌恶objectiveadj.客观的；真实的anobjectofstudy研究对象anobjectiveassessment/analys窿观的评价/分析［基础练习］——单句语法填空①Amajorityofstudentsobjectedtobeingarranged(arrange)forextralessonsduringholidaysandweekends.②Thevillagersraisedanobjection(object)tobuildingachemicalplantbesidetheriver.③(2018江苏卷)Itisnecessarytoholdanobjective(object)attitudetowardsratings.［链接写作］——一句多译就我个人而言， 我反对他提出的建议。①AsfarasI'mconcerned,Iamopposedtothesuggestionsheputforward.(opposed)②Inmyview,Iobjecttothesuggestionsheputforward.(object)forbid(forbade/forbad;forbidden)vt.禁止；不准forbid(doing)sth.禁止(做)某事forbidsb.todosth禁止某人做某事forbidsb.sth.禁止某人某事forbidsmokingduringofficehours禁止在办公时间抽烟theForbiddenCity紫禁城［基础练习］——单句语法填空①Youcan'tsmokehere.Regulationsforbidsmoking(smoke)inthisroom.②Iwillforbidyoutoleave（leave）unlessyouapologizeforwhatyouhavedone.③（重庆卷）InsomeMiddleEasterncountries,exposingyourfleshjsforbidden（forbid）,especiallyifyouareawoman.［链接写作］——完成句子/句式升级（普通表达）Wewereforbiddentogoout禁止外出）atnight,sowehadtostayathomeaimlessly.（高级表达）Forbiddentogooutatnight,wehadtostayathomeaimlessly过去分词短语作状语）owevt.欠（账、钱、人情等）;归功于……；应感谢（1）owesb.sth.=owesth.tosb欠某人某物owesth.to把 归功于；为 而感谢oweittosb.that..多亏了某人 （2）owingto因为；由于oweusanexplanation^当给我们——个解释owehimanapology得向他道歉［基础练习］——单句语法填空①Ioweanapology_toyouforbeingunabletotravelwithyou.②(上海卷)Owing(owe)tobadweather,theflightwasdelayedforacoupleofhours.③Iowedit_tothedoctorsthatIsurvivedsuchasevereaccident.［链接写作］——词汇升级/句式升级多亏她帮忙，我们才成功启动了引擎。(普通表达)Becauseofherassistance,wesucceededinstartingtheengine.(高级表达)Owingtoherassistance,wesucceededinstartingtheengine.(高级表达)Itwasowingtoherassistancethatwesucceededinstartingtheengine.(强调句型)［名师点津］如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句，可使用it作形式宾语，将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在后面。bothervt.打扰vi.操心n.［U］烦扰；［C］令人烦恼的事或人(1)bothertodo/doingsth费心做某事(2)bothersb.with/aboutsth为某事打扰或麻烦某人(3)Itbotherssb.that/todosthffi某人苦恼的是(4)havebother(in)doingsth做某事费力botheryourselfabout/withsmallthings为琐事烦恼botherherwithmyproblems让她为我的事操心［基础练习］——单句语法填空①a.(湖南卷)SometimesIactasalisteningearforfellowstudentstotalkoverwhatisbothering(bother)them.b.(湖南卷)Aroundtwoo'clockeverynight,Suewillstarttalkinginherdream.Itsomewhatbothers(bother)us.②a.Don'tbothergetting/toget(get)dinnerformetoday.I'lleatout.b.Wehadquitealotofbothergetting(get)herebecauseofthefog.③Idon'twanttobotheryouabout/withmyproblem.Iamdoingquitewell.［链接写作］——句式升级（普通表达）AlthoughIhavebeenworkinghard,Ican'tkeepupwithothersandthisbothersmegreatly.（高级表达）AlthoughIhavebeenworkinghard,itbothersmegreatlythatIcan'tkeepupwithothers.（it作形式主语）（高级表达）AlthoughIhavebeenworkinghard,whatbothersmegreatlyisthatIcan'tkeepupwithothers.（what弓I导主语从何）strikevt.&vi.（struck,struck）打；罢工；敲；撞击；击打；侵袭；给 以印象；擦；突然想起 n.罢工；打击（1）sth.strikessb某人突然想出 Itstrikessb.that/todo..某人想到 （2）bestruckby..被 打动；迷恋 （3）strikesb.in/on+the+身体部位打某人某部位（4）beon/goonstrike在/举行罢工［基础练习］——写出下列句中strike的词性和含义①（广东卷）Shewaspracticingsurfingwhenasharkstruck.v.袭击②Thevisitorswerestruckbythebeautyofthecountryv.打动；给 以印象③IheardtheclockstrikingeightwhenIwokeupthismorningv.（钟）敲④ItstruckmethatIwouldhaveanimportantmeetinginShanghaithenextdayv.想起⑤（IM建卷）Theworkerswillgoonstrikeifthedemandstheyputforwardareturneddownn.罢工［链接写作］——完成句子/句式升级我被他鼓舞人心的话所打动，并决定努力提高英语。（普通表达）Iwasstruck/strickenbyhisinspiringwords,andIdecidedtomakeeffortstoimprovemyEnglish.（高级表达）Struck/Strickenbyhisinspiringwords,IdecidedtomakeeffortstoimprovemyEnglish.（分词短语作状语）payoff得到好结果；取得成功；偿清payforsth.付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价paysb.forsth因某事物给某人报酬payback偿还（欠款）；报复；回报payavisitto拜访payoffhisdebtsintwoyears在两年内还清了债务［基础练习］——单句语法填空①（2019全国卷I）TheenvironmentalchallengesaresignificantbuttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobepayingoff②a.ThatIcanpaybackthehelppeoplegivememakesmehappy.b.I'dalsoliketoknowhowmuchIhavetopayforthecourseandwhetheraccommodationisincluded.③（2017天津卷）W川youpleasepayavisittoTianjinagainsothatwemaymeetagain?［链接写作］——完成句子（四JI卷）当我顺利地完成了所有科目考试的时候，我的确感到我的努力得到了回报。WhenIpassedtheexamsofallthesubjectsIdidfeelthatmyeffortspaidoff.ingood/poorcondition状况很好（坏）；情况很好（坏）（1）outofcondition健康状况不佳/条件状况欠佳（2）onconditionthat如果；在 条件下；倘若onnocondition决不（3）under…conditions在 条件下working/living/studyingconditions工作/生活/学习环境［基础练习］——单句语法填空①a.佼徽卷）WhatIwantyoutorealizeisthateverybodyislikelytobein_poorcondition.b.Onnoconditionshouldyouloseheartwhenyouareintrouble.②（安徽卷）Itismanyyoungpeople'sambitiontosetupbusinessesthatimprovesocialconditions（condition）.［链接写作］——词汇升级（普通表达）Theyagreedtolendusthecafwereturneditbeforetheweekend.（高级表达）Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatwereturneditbeforetheweekend.［名师点津］condition表示”（工作或生活）环境”时，通常要用复数形式；而表示“状况”时，为不可数名词，表示“条件”时，则为可数名词。8.［教材佳句］Theadvantageisthatifthereisanew川nesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie,butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration其优点是如果发生一种新的疾病，这些动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并将这种抵抗能力传给下一代。［句法句式］Theadvantageisthat.优势是 ,that此处引导表语从句。常见的类似句式:Thedisadvantageof...isthat.：. 的不足是 Thestrengthof...isthat... 的优势是 Theproblemof…isthat..： 的问题是 Thechancesarethat.有可能 Thedrawbackof...isthat 的缺点是 ［基础练习］——单句语法填空①Thedisadvantageofcopyingothers'homeworkisthatyoucannotmasterwhatyouhavelearned.②Thechancesarethathewillrecoverinaweekifhereceivestimelytreatment.［链接写作］——完成句子微笑的优势在于它不仅仅让我们高兴，还能取悦别人。Theadvantage/strengthofsmilingisthatitcannotonlymakeushappy,butalsopleaseothers.多维训练 夯实基础维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空—Whydidyouquityourjob?—Itwasgoodintermsofitsworkingconditions(condition),butthesalarywastoolow.Thestudentsareforbidden,unlesstheyhavespecialpasses,jostay(stay)outafter11p.m.LiuLeiinsistedthathemerelydidwhateverybodywouldhavedoneandstronglyobjectedtobeingcalled(call)ahero.Whybothergoing/togo(go)abroadtostudywhentherearesomanygooduniversitiesathome?Greatlystruck(strike)bythebeautyofthelanguage,IthoughthoweventodayShakespeare'swritingremainspowerfulandtrue.维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词(安徽卷)Theathlete'syearsofhardtrainingpaidoffwhenshefinallywontheOlympicgoldmedal.Thedrawbackofthepopularityofcarsisthatitbringsaboutsomuchairpollution.Thismorningmygrandpawrotehisdoctoralettersayingthatheowesitjoherthatheisstillalive.Alleffortswillbeinvainifwecan'tlearnEnglishbypractisingrepeatedly.Inancienttimes,peoplebelievedthattheycouldbebroughtbacktolifeafterdeath.维度3 查缺补漏ThenewclothesinthatshoparesobeautifulthatAnnacannotresisttaking(take)acloselookatthem,althoughshecannotaffordthematpresent.Theprojectundertaken(undertake)bytheyoungengineeronhisownturnedouttobeverysuccessful.Keeponworkinghardlikethis,andyourresearchisboundtoobtain(obtain)greatsuccess.Nooneknowsexactly(exact)howtheearthbeganasithappenedsolongago.Wehadourfurnituremovedtothenewhousewhenthedecoration(decorate)ofthehousewasfinished.语篇练习一一提升能力提能一单元话题语篇练根据P11T2教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Cloninghasalwaysbeenwithusandisheretostay.Itisawayofmaking(make)anexactcopyofanotheranimalorplant.Ithastwomajoruses.Oneis2.thatgardenersuseittoproducecommercialquantitiesofplantS.Theotheristhatitisvaluableforresearchonnewplantspeciesandformedicalresearchonanimals.However,theprocessofcloningisdifficult4.toundertake(undertake)Manyattemptstoclonemammalsfailed.Thebreakthroughthatscientistsmadeinhistorywasintheyear1996.Thefirstsuccessfulcloning,Dollythesheep,madethewhole5.scientific(science)worldfollowitsprocess,thoughithad6.more(many)problemsthanthenormalsheep.Dolly'sappearance7.raised(raise)astormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpact8.onthemediaandpublicimagination.Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsonit.However,scientistsstillwonderwhethercloningwillhelporharmusandwhereitisleadingus.Maybeinthe9.21st(21)century,cloningwillbethe10.biggest(big)moral