必修三基础知识巩固（原卷版）-2022年高一英语新牛津译林版

作业01必修第三册基础知识巩固一、根据提示拼写单词1.___________________n.&vt.伤害，损害2.____________________n.土壤；国土，领土，土地3.___________________adj.高大的，高耸的4.__________________adj.活着的，活的；在使用的n.生计，谋生5.__________________vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡6.__________________vi.&n.损坏，破坏；损害，伤害7.__________________n.地区，区域；行政区8.__________________n.气候；倾向，风气9.__________________adv.绝对地;完全地；极其10.___________________

vt.跟踪，追踪n.足迹11.___________________n.柱；栏；专栏；队，列12.___________________n.遥远；差异；疏远13.___________________vi.&vt.（火山）爆发；突然发生14.___________________n.慈善机构；慈善；仁善15.___________________vt.在工作，任职于，n.全体职员；管理人员16.___________________n.火山17.___________________adv.否则18.___________________n.程序，步骤19.___________________vt.找出准确的位置；把……安置在20.___________________vi.&vt.退休，退职选用适当的单词或短语补全句子recoverfrom

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sufferfrom21．Thetownwascutofffromtherestoftheworld________heavysnow.22．Fillintheformandreturniteither________orbypost.23．HeisanInternetaddict.Hespendsagreatdealoftime________everyday.24．Ifyouwantto________,youmustworkhard.25．AmericanEnglish________BritishEnglishinmanysmallways.26．Iamwritingto________thepostofvolunteerforourschool’sEnglishassociation.27．Ourclass________theideatomakebetteruseofusedmaterials.28．Astimewentby,Igradually________theschoollife.29．Hefailedto________hisparents’expectations.30．Mostofthemajorcitiesoftheworld________trafficjam.31．Listeningtothemusicanddoingsportscanhelpme________stress.三、根据汉语意思用单词的适当形式填空32．Unfortunately,manybirdsdidn’t________(幸存)theseverewinter.33．I______(绝对)enjoyedthearchery.34．Underthe________(气候)oftheglobalfinancialcrisis,it’snoteasytofindasatisfyingjob.35．Modernfarmingmethodshaveledtothetotal______(灭绝)ofmanyspeciesofwildflowers.36．Childrenunderten,unless________(陪伴)bytheirparents,won’tbeallowedintothecenter.37．Allthepeople,menandwomen,youngandold,werefightingagainstthefloodin_________(保卫)oftheirownhomes.38．Recently,revolutionarychangeshavetakenplacein______(各种各样的)aspects.39．CuttingofftheShark’sfinsputsthemindangerof________(灭绝).40．Friendshipshouldbeoneofthegreatestthingsintheworld,andyour__________(策略)isclearcommunication.41．Oneofsomebyproductscalled________(温室)gasesiscarbondioxide(二氧化碳)whichcantrapmoreheatenergyintheatmosphere.42．Youcanlearnfirstaidbyvisitingthe_______(官方)websiteofChinaFirstAidTraining.43．Youshouldn'texpecttomakemuch________（利润）withinthefirstcoupleofyearsofsettingupanadvertisingcompany.44．Schoolsuse________(各种各样的)methodsoftesting.45．Herepliedthatthiswas________(绝对地)impossible.四、完形填空Everybodylovestohateinvasivespecies.Theinternationallistofinvasivespecies—definedasthosethatwereintroducedbyhumanstonewplaces,andthen____46____—runstoover4,000.InAustraliaandNewZealandhotwarisfoughtagainstintroducedcreatureslikecanetoads(蔗蟾蜍)andrats.Somethingsthatareuncontroversial(无争议的)arenonethelessfoolish.Withafewimportantexceptions,campaignsto

____47____invasivespeciesaremerelyawasteofmoneyandeffort—forreasonsthatarepartlypracticalandpartlyphilosophical.Startwiththepracticalarguments.Mostinvasivespeciesareneitherterriblysuccessfulnorvery____48____.Britonsthinkthemselvessurroundedbyforeignplants.____49____,Britain’sinvasiveplantsarenotwidespread,notspreadingespeciallyquickly,andoftenlessofa(n)____50____thanvigorousnativeplants.Thearrivalofnewspeciesalmostalways____51____biologicaldiversity(多样性)inaregion;inmanycases,afloodofnewcomersdrivesnonativespeciestoextinction.Onereasonisthatinvaderstendtocolonise____52____habitatslikepollutedlakesandpost-industrialwasteland,wherelittleelselives.Theyarenature’sopportunists.Thephilosophicalreasonforstartingwarontheinvadersisalso____53____.Eliminationcampaignstendtobe

____54____bythebeliefthatitispossibletorestorebalancetonature—toreturnwoodsandlakestothestatebeforehuman

______55______.Thatismisguided.Natureisaneverlastingmess,withspeciesconstantlyemerging,withdrawingandhybridizing(杂交).Humanshaveonlyquickenedtheseprocesses.Goingbacktoancienthabitatsisbecoming______56______inanycase,becauseofman-madeclimatechange.Takingontheinvadersisa(n)______57______gesture,notameanstoanachievableend.Areasonableattitudetoinvadersneednotimplypassivity.Afewforeignspeciesaretruly______58______andshouldbefought:theNileperch–afish,hashelpeddrivemanyspeciesoffishtoextinctioninLakeVictoria.Itmakessenseto______59______pathogens(病菌),especiallythosethatdestroywholenativetreespecies,andtostopknownagriculturalpestsfromgainingafoothold.Fencingoffwildlifereservestocreateopen-airecologicalmuseumsisfine,too.AnditisagoodideaforEuropeangardenerstodestroyJapaneseplants,justastheygivenospacetonativeharmfulgrasseslikebindweedandgroundelder.Youcangardeninagarden.Youcannotgarden______60______.Thatisuniversallyaccepted.46．A．multiplied B．shrunk C．disappeared D．harvested47．A．conserve B．eliminate C．investigate D．prioritize48．A．healthy B．intentional C．harmful D．profitable49．A．Asaresult B．Forexample C．Bycontrast D．Infact50．A．attraction B．dominance C．annoyance D．substitute51．A．increases B．destroys C．reveals D．targets52．A．oppressed B．disturbed C．cultivated D．preserved53．A．acceptable B．needless C．mistaken D．convincing54．A．fueled B．organized C．interrupted D．greeted55．A．civilization B．interference C．interaction D．maintenance56．A．tolerable B．impossible C．beneficial D．critical57．A．reluctant B．disorderly C．invalid D．unbalanced58．A．damaging B．flexible C．doubtful D．outstanding59．A．pickup B．takein C．keepout D．turndown60．A．agriculture B．vegetation C．atmosphere D．Nature五、七选五My,whatabigbeakyouhave!Forhumans,adaptingtoclimatechangewillmostlybeamatteroftechnology.Moreairconditioning,better-designedhousesandbiggerflooddefensesmayhelptomaketheeffectsofawarmerworldlessharmful.___61___InapaperpublishedinTrends&Evolution,ateamledbySaraRyding,aPhDcandidateatDeakinUniversity,showsthatisalreadyhappening.Climatechangeisalreadyalteringthebodiesofmanyanimalspecies,givingthembiggerbeaks(喙),legsandears.InsomespeciesofAustralianparrot,forinstance,beaksizehasincreasedbybetween4%and10%since1871.Anotherstudy,thistimeinNorthAmericandark-eyedjuncos,anotherbird,foundthesamepattern.___62___Allthatisperfectlyconsistentwithevolutionarytheory.“Allen’srule”,namedforJoelAsaphAllen,whosuggesteditin1877,holdsthatwarm-bloodedanimalsinhotplacestendtohavelargerbodypartsthanthoseintemperate(温带的)regions.___63___Beingrichlyfilledwithbloodvessels,andnotcoveredbyfeathers,beaksmakeanidealplaceforbirdstogetridofheat.Fennecfoxes,meanwhile,whicharenativetotheSaharaDesert,havestrikinglylargeears,especiallycomparedwiththeirArcticcousins.Ms.Rydingisnotthefirstresearchertotakethatapproach.Butitishard,whendealingwithindividualspecies,toprovethatclimatechangewasthecauseofananatomical(解剖学的)changes.Allsortsofotherfactors,fromchangesinpreytotheevolvingreproductivepreferencesofmalesorfemales,mighthavebeendrivingthechanges.___64___Theteamcombineddatafromdifferentspeciesindifferentplaces.Sincetheyhavelittleincommonapartfromlivingonawarmingplanet,climatechangeisthemostre