2011年6月英语六级真题及答案详解

2011年6月大六 及答案详PartⅠ Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheCraze.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow. PartII ReadingComprehension(Skimmingand (15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completetheseentenseswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.MinorityAmericanuniversitiesareacceptingmoreminoritiesthanever.Graduatingthemisanothermatter.BarryMills,theofBownCollege,wasjustifiablyproudofBown'seffortstorecruitminoritystudents.Since2003thesmall,eliteliberalartsschoolinBrunswick,Maine,hasboostedtheproportionofso-calledunder-representedminoritystudentsinenteringfreshmanclassesfrom8%to13%."Itisourresponsibilitytoreachoutandattractstudentstocometoourkindsofplaces,"hetoldaNEWSWEEKreporter.ButBownhasnotdonequiteaswellwhenitcomestoactuallygraduatingminorities.While9outof10whitestudentsroutinelygettheirdiplomaswithinsixyears,only7outof10blackstudentsmadeittograduationdayinseveralrecent"Ifyoulookatwhoenterscollege,itnowlookslikeAmerica,"saysHilaryPennington,directorofpostsecondaryprogramsfortheBill&MelindaGatesFoundation,whichhascloselystudiedenrollmentpatternsinhighereducation."Butifyoulookatwhowalksacrossthestageforadiploma,it'sstilllargelythewhite, TheUnitedStatesoncehadthehighestgraduationrateofanynation.Nowitstands10th.ForthefirsttimeinAmericanhistory,thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.Thegraduationrateamong25-to34-year-oldsisnobetterthantherateforthe55-to64-year-oldswhoweregoingtocollegemorethan30yearsago.Studiesshowthatmoreandmorepoorandnon-whitestudentswanttograduatefromcollege–buttheirgraduationratesfallfarshortoftheirdreams.Thegraduationratesforblacks,Latinos,andNativeAmericanslagfarbehindthegraduationratesforwhitesandAsians.AstheminoritypopulationgrowsintheUnitedStates,lowcollegegraduationrates eathreattonationalprosperity.Theproblemispronouncedatpublicuniversities.In2007theUniversityofWisconsin-Madison–oneofthetopfiveorsoprestigiouspublicuniversities–graduated81%ofitswhitestudentswithinsixyears,butonly56%ofitsblacks.Atless-selectivestateschools,thenumbersgetworse.Duringthesametimeframe,theUniversityofNorthernIowagraduated67%ofitswhitestudents,butonly39%ofitsblacks.Communitycollegeshavelowgraduationratesgenerally–butrock-bottomratesforminorities.ArecentreviewofCaliforniacommunitycollegesfoundthatwhileathirdoftheAsianstudentspickeduptheirdegrees,only15%ofAfrican-AmericansdidsoasPrivatecollegesanduniversitiesgenerallydobetter,partlybecausetheyoffersmallerclassesandmore alattention.Butwhenitcomestoasignificantgraduationgap,Bow nhascompany.NearbyColbyCollegeloggedan18-pointdifferencebetweenwhiteandblackgraduatesin2007and25pointsin2006.MiddleburyCollegeinVermont,anothertopschool,hada19-pointgapin2007anda22-pointgapin2006.Themostselectiveprivateschools–

Yale,andPrinceton–showalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationrates.Butthatmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilitytoselectthebeststudents.AccordingtodatagatheredbyHarvardLawSchoolprofessorLainGainer,themostselectiveschoolsaremorelikelytochooseblackswhohaveatleastoneimmigrantparentfromAfricaortheCaribbeanthanblackstudentswhoaredescendantsofAmericanslaves."Highereducationhasbeenabletoduckthisissueforyears,particularlythemoreselectiveschools,bysayingtheresponsibilityisontheindividualstudent,"saysPenningtonoftheGatesFoundation."Iftheyfail,it'stheirfault."Somecriticsblameaffirmativeaction–studentsadmittedwithlowertestscoresandgradesfromshakyhighschoolsoftenstruggleateliteschools.Butabiggerproblemmaybethatpoorhighschoolsoftensendtheirstudentstocollegesforwhichtheyare"undermatched":theycouldgetintomoreelite,richerschools,butinsteadgotocommunitycollegesandlow-ratedstateschoolsthatlacktheresourcestohelpthem.Someschoolsoutforprofitcynicallyincreasetuitionsandcountonstudentloansandfederalaidtofootthebill–knowingfullwellthatthestudentswon'tmakeit."Theschoolkeepsthemoney,butthekidleaveswithloadsofdebtandnodegreeandnoabilitytogetabetterjob.Collegesarenotholdinguptheirend,"saysAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrust.Acollegeeducationisgettingevermoreexpensive.Since1982tuitionshavebeenrisingatroughlytwicetherateofinflation.In2008thenetcostofattendingafour-yearpublicuniversity–afterfinancialaid–equaled28%ofmedian(中间的)family e,whileafour-yearprivateuniversitycost76%ofmedianfamily e.Moreandmorescholarshipsarebasedonmerit,notneed.Poorerstudentsarenotalwaysthebest-informedconsumers.Oftentheywindupdeeplyindebtorsimplyunabletopayafterayearortwoandmustdropout.Thereoncewasatimewhenuniversitiestookprideintheirdropoutrates.Professorswouldbegintheyearbysaying,"Looktotherightandlooktotheleft.Oneofyouisnotgoingtobeherebytheendoftheyear."ButsuchaDarwinianspiritisbeginningtogivewayasatleastafewcollegesfaceuptothegraduationgap.AttheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,thegaphasbeenroughlyhalvedoverthelastthreeyears.Theuniversityhaspouredresourcesintopeercounselingtohelpstudentsfrominner-cityschoolsadjusttotherigor(严格要求)andfasterpaceofauniversityclassroom–andalsotohelpminoritystudents ethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.Wisconsinhasa"laserlikefocus"onbuildingupstudentskillsinthefirstthreemonths,accordingtoviceprovost(教务长)DamonStateandfederalernmentscouldsharpenthatfocuseverywherebybroadlypublishingminoritygraduationrates.ForyearsprivatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThavehadsuccessbringingminoritiesontocampusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemsomeprepareTorycourses.Thenewertrendistostartrecruitingpoorandnon-whitestudentsasearlyastheseventhgrade,usinginnovativetoolstoidentifykidswithsophisticatedverbalskills.Suchprogramscanbeexpensive,ofcourse,butcheapcomparedwiththemillionsalreadyinvestedinscholarshipsandgrantsforkidswhohavelittlechancetograduatewithoutspecialsupport.WitheffortandmoneythegraduationgapcanbeclosedWashingtonandLeeisasmallselectiveschoolinLexington,Va.Itsstudentbodyislessthan5%blackandlessthan2%Latino.Whiletheschoolusuallygraduatedabout90%ofitswhites,thegraduationrateofitsblacksandLatinoshaddippedto63%by2007."Wewentthroughadramaticshift,"saysDawnWatkins,theviceforstudentaffairs.Theschoolaggressivelypushedmentoring(辅导)ofminoritiesbyotherstudentsandpartnering"withparentsataspecialpre-enrollmentsession.Theschoolhaditsfirst-everblacking.Lastspringtheschoolgraduatedthesameproportionofminoritiesasitdidwhites.IftheUnitedStateswantstokeepupintheglobaleconomicrace,itwillhavetopaysystematicattentiontograduatingminorities,notjustenrollingthem.Whatistheauthor'smainconcernaboutAmericanhigherThesmallproportionofminorityThelowgraduationratesofminorityThegrowingsamongethnicThepooracademicperformanceofWhatwastheprideof BarryMillsofBownTheprestigeofitsliberalartsItsrankingamonguniversitiesinThehighgraduationratesofitsItsincreasedenrollmentofminorityWhatistheriskfacingItsschoolswillbeoverwhelmedbythegrowingnumberofillegalTherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousMorepoorandnon-whitestudentswillbedeniedaccesstoItisgoingtoloseitscompetitiveedgeinhigherHowmanyAfrican-AmericanstudentsearnedtheirdegreesinCaliforniacommunitycollegesaccordingtoarecentreview?Fifty-six B)Thirty-nineC)Fifteen D)Sixty-sevenHarvard,Yale,andPrincetonshowalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationratesmainlybecause.TheirstudentsworkTheyrecruitthebestTheirclassesaregenerallyTheygivestudentsmoreHowdoesAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrustviewminoritystudents'failuretogetadegree?UniversitiesaretoStudentsdon'tworkTheernmentfailstoprovidethenecessaryAffirmativeactionshouldbeheldWhydosomestudentsdropoutafterayearortwoaccordingtotheauthor?TheyhavelostconfidenceinTheycannotaffordthehighTheycannotadapttotherigoroftheTheyfailtodevelopinterestintheirTotackletheproblemofgraduationgap,theUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonhelpsminoritystudentsgetoverthestereotypethat Foryears,privatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThaveprovidedminoritystudentswith duringthesummerbeforefreshmanyear.WashingtonandLeeUniversityiscitedasanexampletoshowthatthegapofgraduationratesbetweenwhitesandminoritiescan PartialListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichthebestansweris.ThenmarkthecorrespondinletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.A)ShewillgivehimthereceiptThemanshouldmakehisownShehasnotgottheman'scopiesThemanforgottomakethecopiesforA)ShephonedFredabouttheShewaslatefortheSheranintoFredonherwaySheoftenkeepsotherpeople

A)MarkisnotfittotakechargeoftheStudentMarkisthebestcandidateforthepostofItwon'tbeeasyforMarktowintheFemalesaremorecompetitivethanmalesinA)ItfailedtoarriveatitsdestinationinItgotseriouslydamagedontheItgotlostattheairportinItwasleftbehindinthehoA)JustmakeuseofwhateverinformationisPutmoreeffortintopreparingfortheFindmorerelevantinformationfortheirSimplyraisetheissueintheirA)themanhasdecidedtochooseLanguageStudiesashisThewomanisn'tinterestedinthepsychologyofThemanisstilltryingtosignupforthecourseheisThewomanisn'tqualifiedtotakethecoursethemanA)TheyarebothtoTheyarebotheasytoTheycanmanagetogetTheywillmakepeaceinA)TheyareindesperateneedoffinancialTheyhopetodomiracleswithlimitedTheywanttoborrowahugesumfromtheTheyplantobuyouttheirbusinessQuestions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)WesimplycannothelpreactinginstinctivelythatWewishtohideourindifferencetotheirWederivesomehumoroussatisfactionfromtheirWethinkitservesthemrightforbeingmeantootherA)TheywanttoshowtheirgenuineTheyhavehadsimilaralTheydon'tknowhowtocopewiththeTheydon'twanttorevealtheirownA)Theythemselveswouldliketodoitbutdon'tdareItsanopportunityforrelievingtheirit’sararechanceforthemtoseethebossloseTheyhaveseenthismanytimesinoldfiA)toirritate B)ToteachthemaC)Torelieveherfeelings. D)Toshowhercourage.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)SmugglingdrugsintoHongHavingcommittedarmedStealingafellowpassenger'sBringingahandgunintoHongA)HesaidnotasinglewordduringtheentireHetookawayKumar'sbaggagewhilehewasHewastravellingonascholarshipfromDelhiHeisedofhavingslippedsomethinginKumar'sA)Givehima B)FindAlfredC)Checkthepassenger D)SearchallsuspiciousSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)theythinktravel eaTheythinktravelgivesthemtheirmoney'sTheyfindmanyofthebanksTheylacktheexpertisetomakecapitalA)LowertheirpricestoattractmoreIntroducetravelpackagesforyoungDesignprogramstargetedatretiredLaunchanewprogramofadventureA)theroleoftravel B)ThewaypeopleC)Thenumberoflast-minutebookings.D)ThepricesofpolarPassageQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)theoldstereotypesaboutmenandThechangingrolesplayedbymenandThedivisionoflaborbetweenmenandThewidespreadprejudiceagainstA)OffermorecreativeandpracticalideasthanAskquestionsthatoftenleadtoSpeakloudlyenoughtoattractRaiseissuesonbehalfofA)toprovethatshecouldearnherlivingasaToshowthatwomenaremorehardworkingthanToshowthatwomenarecapableofngwhatmenToprovethatshewasreallyirritatedwithherPassageQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)CoveringmajoreventsofthedayintheReportingcriminaloffensesinHuntingnewsforthedailyWritingarticlesonfamilyA)ItisamuchsaferplacethanitusedtoRapesrarelyoccurinthedowntownAssaultsoftenhappenonschoolIthasfewerviolentcrimesthanbigA)thereareawiderangeofTheyareveryTherehasbeenariseinsuchTheyhavearousedfearamongtheA)Writeaboutsomethingpleasant. C)Offerhelptocrimevictims.Dosomeresearchonlocalpolitics? D)Workasanewspapereditor.SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.InAmerica,peoplearefacedwithmoreandmoredecisionseveryday,whetherit'spickingoneof31icecream(36) ordecidingwhetherandwhentogetmarried.Thatsoundslikeagreatthing.Butasarecentstudyhasshown,toomanychoicescanmakeus(37) ,unhappy–evenparalyzedwithThat's(38) truewhenitcomestotheworkplace,saysBarrySchwartz,anauthorofsixbooksabouthuman(39) .Studentsaregraduatingwitha(40) ofskillsandinterests,butoftenfindthemselves(41) whenitcomestochoosinganultimatecareerInastudy,Schwartzobserveddecision-makingamong

Thereason(45) .Whenyoulookateverypossibleoption,youtendtofocusmoreonwhatwasgivenupthanwhatwasgained.Aftersurveyingeveryoption,(46) Part ReadingComprehension(Reading (25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questions pletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingHowgoodareyouatsaying"no"?Formany,it'ssurprisinglydifficult.Thisisespeciallytrueofeditors,whobynaturetendtobeeagerandengagedparticipantsineverythingtheydo.Considerthesescenarios:It'slateintheday.Thatfrontpackageyou'vebeenworkingonisnearlycomplete;onelasteditandit'sfinished.Entertheexecutiveeditor,whomakesasuggestionrequiringamore-than-modestrearrangementofthedesignandtheadditionofaninformationbox.Youwanttoscream:"No!It'sdone!"WhatdoyouThefirstruleofsayingnotothebossisngsayno.Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.Thesecondruleisngraisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.Thatissueisalreadydecided.Thethirdruleistobereadytociteoptionsandconsequences.Theboss'ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,buttherearealwaysconsequences.Shemightnotknowaboutthepagesbackingupthatneedattention,oraboutthedesignerwhohadtogohomesick.lhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'stryingto plishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.Here'sanothercase.Yourleast-favoritereportersuggestsadumbstoryidea.Thisoneshouldbeeasy,butit'snot.Ifyousayno,evenpoliy,youriskinhibitingfurtherideas,notjustfromthatreporter,butfromotherswhoheardthatyouturneddowntheidea.Thisscenarioiscommoninnewsroomsthatlackasystematicwaytofilterstorysuggestions.Twostepsarenecessary.First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewedReporterscantoleraterejectionoftheirideasiftheybelievetheyweregivenafairhearing.Yourgutreaction(本能反应anddismissiverejectionevenofaworthlessideamightnotqualifyassystematicorfair.Second,thepeopleyouworkwithneedtonegotiatea"Whatif...?"agreementcovering"Whatifmyideaisturneddown?"Howarepeopleexpectedtoreact?Isthereanappealprocess?Cantheyrefinetheideaandresubmitit?Byanticipating"Whatif...?"situationsbeforetheyhappen,youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofs.Insteadofdirectlysayingnotoyourboss,youshouldfind Theauthor'ssecondwarningisthatweshouldavoidrunningagreaterriskby onewayofrespondingtoyourboss'ssuggestionistoexplainthe toherandofferanalternativesolution.Toensurefairnesstoreporters,itisimportanttosetupasystemforstoriesto Peoplewholearntoanticipate"Whatif...?"situationswillbeabletoreachunderstandingandavoid Sectionstudentsduringtheirregardingtheirjob-hunting

year.Basedonanswerstoandcareerdecisions,

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachdividedthestudentsintotwogroups: izes"whoeverypossibleoption,and"satisfiers"wholookuntiltheyfindanoptionthatisgoodenough.Youmightexpectthatthestudents .Butitturnsoutthat'snottrue.Schwartzfoundthatwhileizesendedupwithbetterpayingjobsthansatisfiersonaverage,theyweren'tashappywiththeirdecision.

themtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingAttheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatunedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon;considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers–meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBoras,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.Amonghigh-skilledbetter-educatedemployees,howeveroppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscal(财政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacuyaffected–say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents–theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielMichener,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.WhatcanwelearnfromthefirstWhetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?TheycanaccessallkindsofpublicTheycangetconsumergoodsatlowerTheycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentTheycanavoidngmuchofthemanualWhydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalTheyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfareTheyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialTheyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentTheyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborWhatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?ItmaychangetheexistingsocialItmayposeathreattotheireconomicItmayleadtosocialinstabilityintheItmayplaceagreatstrainonthestate

WhatistheironyaboutthedebateoverEveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsThosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromPeoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallThereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositePassageQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingPictureatypicalMBAlecturetheatretwentyyearsago.Initthemajorityofstudentswillhaveconformedtothestandardmodelofthetime:male,middleclassandWestern.Walkintoaclasstoday,however,andyou'llgetacompleydifferentimpression.Forastart,youwillnowseeplentymorewomen–theUniversityofPennsylvania'sWhartonSchool,forexample,boaststhat40%ofitsnewenrolmentisfemale.Youwillalsoseeawiderangeofethnicgroupsandnationalsofpracticallyeverycountry.Itmightbetempting,therefore,tothinkthattheoldbarriershavebeenbrokendownandequalopportunityachieved.But,increasingly,thisapparentdiversityis ingamaskforanewtypeofconformity.Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesandmothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetofclonesamongthebusinessleadersoftheDiversity,itseems,hasnothelpedtoaddressfundamentalweaknessesinbusinessleadership.Sowhatcanbedonetocreatemoreeffectivemanagersofthecommercialworld?AccordingtoValerieGauthier,associatedeanatHECParis,thekeyliesintheprocessbywhichMBAprogrammersrecruittheirstudents.Atthemomentcandidatesareselectedonafairlynarrowsetofcriteriasuchasprioracademicandcareerperformance,andyticalandproblemsolvingabilities.Thisisthencoupledtoaschool'spictureofwhatadiverseclassshouldlooklike,withtheresultthatpassport,ethnicoriginandsexcanall einfluencingfactors.Butschoolsrarelydigdowntofindoutwhatreallymakesanapplicantsucceed,tocreateaclasswhichalsocontainsdiversityofattitudeandapproach–arguablytheonlydiversitythat,inabusinesscontext,reallymatters.ProfessorGauthierbelievesschoolsshouldnotjustbeselectingcandidatesfromtraditionalsectorssuchasbanking,consultancyandindustry.Theyshouldalsobeseekingindividualswhohavebackgroundsinareassuchaspoliticalscience,thecreativearts,historyorphilosophy,whichwillallowthemtoputbusinessdecisionsintoawidercontext.Indeed,theredoesseemtobeademandforthemoreroundedsuchdiversitymightcreate.AstudybyManna,aleadershipdevelopmentcompany,suggeststhat,whilethebully-boychiefexecutiveofoldmaynothavebeeneradicatedcompley,thereisadefiniteshiftinemphasistowardslesstoughstylesofmanagement–atleastinAmericaandEurope.Perhapsmostsignificant,accordingtoManna,istheincreasinginterestlargecompanieshaveinmorecollaborativemanagementmodels,suchasthoseprevalentinScandinavia,whichseektointegratethehardandsoftaspectsofleadershipandencouragedelegatedresponsibilityandaccountability.注意：此部分试题请在2上作答。WhatcharacterizesthebusinessschoolstudentpopulationofGreater B)InlectualC)Exceptional D)HigherWhatistheauthor'sconcernaboutcurrentbusinessschoolItwillarousestudents'unrealisticItwillproducebusinessleadersofauniformItfocusesontheoryratherthanonpracticalItstressescompetitionratherthanWhataspectofdiversitydoesValerieGauthierthinkismostAgeandeducationalSocialandprofessionalAttitudeandapproachtoEthnicoriginandWhatapplicantsdoestheauthorthinkMBAprogrammersshouldconsiderrecruiting?ApplicantswithpriorexperienceinbusinessApplicantswithsoundknowledgeinmathandApplicantsfromoutsidethetraditionalApplicantsfromlessdevelopedregionsandWhatdoesMannasayaboutthecurrentmanagementItiseradicatingthetoughaspectsofItencouragesmaleandfemaleexecutivestoworksidebyItadoptsthebully-boychiefexecutiveItisshiftingtowardsmorecollaborative (15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Organizedvolunteeringandworkexperiencehaslongbeenavitalcompaniontouniversitydegreecourses.Usuallyitisleftto62todeducethepotentialfromalistofextracurricularadventuresonagraduate'sresume,63nowtheUniversityofBristolhaslaunchedanawardtoformalizetheachievementsofstudentswho64timetoactivitiesoutsidetheircourses.BristolPlusaimstobooststudentsinanincreasingly65jobmarketbyhelthemacquireworkandlifeskillsalongside66qualifications."Ourstudentsareaprettyactivebunch,butwefoundthatthey67appreciatethevalueofwhattheydid68thelecturehall,"saysJeffGoodman,directorofcareersandemployabilityattheuniversity."Employersaremuchmore69thantheyusedtobe.Theyusedtolookfor70andsawitaspartoftheirjobtoextractthevalueofanapplicant'sskills.Nowtheywantstudentstobeabletoexplainwhythoseskillsare71tothejob."Studentswhosign72fortheawardwillbeexpectedtocomplete50hoursofworkexperienceor73work,attendf