2017年圈考王12月英语六级考试考前预测卷欢迎

正如任何事物都有两面性一样，应用程序也不例外。一方面，众多的应用程序会给智能使用者带来方便。在他们的连接互联网后，他们可以做大量的事情：购物、与朋友聊天、收邮件、开会议、阅读、看等。另一方面，不能忽视手机应用程序的影响。首先，有一些应用程序可能会导致信息，这对用户来说是很的。其次，过度使用智能对人的身心健康都有危害。最后，过度依赖手机应用程序可能会使人们沉迷于虚拟的世界，与外界脱节，忽视身边的一切。总之，应该理智地使用应用程序。在享受它带来的便利的同时，人们也应该保持清醒，避免陷入complain抱怨； y适当地leakagevirtual虚拟的；事实上的thought-provoking引人深思的bedependenton依赖于over-reliance过度依赖isolate使：使孤立intend意在，想要overlook忽略becaughtin陷Asisdepictedinthepicture，awomantalkstoaman，complainingoftheweakpointsofThethought—provokingpictureintendstowarnthatappsshouldbetreatedappropriayandpeopleshouldnotbeoverlydependentonthem．Ontheonehand，itisconvenient．．．Ontheotherhand，thenegativeeffectscausedby…beoverlooked．Firstly…．Secondly，．．．Lastbutnotleast，．．．Toconclude，mobileappsshouldbeutilizedinawisetoconclude是下结论和总结全文的常用表达，意为“总之”，相当于tosumup，inaword或insummary等。在文章的最后，进一步归纳和深化能使论证更完整。题2-262[单选题A.TakinganB.Drawinggraphs.D.Havingaclass参考解析：W:Jim,thankgoodness,you'vearrived.[1]TheclasspresentationstartedhalfanhouragoandIwasjustbeginningtopanicM:Iamsorry.I'mlate,Allen.Thismorninghasbeenarealmess,andIdidn'tthinkIwasgoingtomakeithereatall.W:Whyareyoulate?OurwholepresentationdependsonthesegraphsyouareM:Yes,Iknow.I'lllyouaboutitlater.Firstlet'sseehowwearengtotime.Twogroupsarestillaheadofus,aren,tthey?[2]Thepresentationontherightsoftheconsumersandtheysisofthestockmarket.[3]ThatmeansI'vegotabouttwentyminutestosortW:Youdolookcold.WhatM:I'vebeenstandingoutsideinArctictemperatureforoveranhourwaitingforaW:Overanhour?ButIthoughtyourapartmentwasonlyaten-minutebusridetoyourM:Onnormalconditionsitis.[4]ButthebuswasdelayedbecauseoftheweatherandwhenIsteppedintoadrugstoretocallhomeforaride,thebuswentby.Asluckwouldhaveit,therewasnooneathome,soIhadtowaitanotherforty-fiveminutesforthenextbus.W:Sosorryaboutwhatyouexperienced.Well,westillgettwentyminutestogatherourwitstogether.M:We'dbetterstoptalking;peopleareturningaroundandlookingatus.Whatarethestudentsngwhenthemanarrivesin【听前预测】四项均为现在分词，可能考查正在做某事；从选项中的exam、classdiscussion等可大致推断发生在学校。本题可能考查正在做某事，内容可能与【解析】对男士说“你终于到了!课堂报告半个小时前就开始了，我已经开始了。”可见，正在做课堂报告，故选C。D.Art参考解析：Whatclassarethemanandwomanprobablytaking?【听前预测】选项表示不同【解析】中并未直接涉及学科，但提到了两个报告的，即“消费者权利”和“股票市场分析”，两者都属于商学范畴，可推断答案为A。4[单选题A.LessthantenB.AbouttwentyC.Halfanhour.参考解析Howmuchtimedothemanandwomanhavebeforetheyaddresstheclass?【20分钟的时间来准5[单选题A.BecauseofthebadB.BecauseitbrokeC.BecauseofthecrowdoutsideaD.Becausethetrafficwas参考解析：Whywasthebusthemanwasgoingtotakedelayed? 均以because开头，本题可能考查某件事的原因；四个选项描述的都是的情况．很可能与某件消极的事情有关。【解析】中男士说，车因为天气原因晚点了，当他走进一家药店给家里打让他们开车送他时，车开走了。可见车晚点是因为天气不好，故选A。6[单选题A.MoreworkasanB.AhigherC.AlongerD.Aresearch参考解析：M:o,ProfessorMiller.Youwantedtoseeme?W:Oh,yes,Tom.Thanksforcoming.It'saboutyourworkasateachingassistant.I'vejustreadyourevaluations,theonesthestudentsfilledouttowardtheendofthesemester.M:Yes?Well,howwereW:Wouldyouliketotakealook?Outofapossiblescoreoffive,yougotafour-point-eight.That'sveryhigh,Tom.M:Well,whatapleasantsurprise.W:[5]Whenweseesuchahighscore,wegenerallytrytokeeptheteachingassistantonalittlelongerandperhapsevenaskthemtocovermoreclasses.Whatdoyousay,Tom?Wouldyouliketohandleadoubleloadinthefall?M:Isurewould,butIdon'tknowifIcan.Nextfallwillbemylastsemesterofcourse-workformymaster'sandI'llbeverybusyngresearchonmythesis.[6]CouldIhaveafewdaystothinkaboutit?W:Certainly.Iwouldn'twantyoutofallbehindinyourcourse-work,[7]butIdothinkyoushouldconsidergettingmoreexperienceintheclassroom.[8]Youseemtohavearealgift.M:[8]Thanksforthecompliment,W:Letmeknowbythebeginningofnextweek,willyou?M:Sure.I'lldropbyagainonMondayorTuesday.WhatdoesProfessorMilleroffer【听前预测】四项均为名词性短语，很可能是回答以what开头的提问，各项分别是：教师职位的工作、更高的工资、更长的假期和一项研究任务。具体信息需听清。【解析】开始说男士在助教评估中获得了4．8分(满分5分)，是一个相当高的分多的课。然后问男士在秋季时愿不愿意上双倍的课，因此提供给男士的是教师职位的工作，故选A。7[单选题A.He'llstartnextB.Hewouldn'tenjoyC.HeneedstimetoD.Hewantshisadviser's参考解析：What'sTom'sanswertoProfessorMiller'soffer?【听前预测】四项均以he开后一个学期，做研究将会很忙，接着男士请给他几天时间考虑一下，因此答案为8[单选题A.FinishhisdegreeintheB.LetsomeoneelsereadhisC.ConsidertakingfewerD.Getmoreteaching参考解析：WhatdoesProfessorMillersuggestTomdo?【听前预测】四项均以动词开头，考查做某事。结合四个选项(在秋季完成、让其他人读他的评估、考虑减少课程以及获得的执教经验)可知，动作发出者应该是男士。【解析】说她不希望男士在课程上，但她觉得男士应该获得的课堂经验，即执教经验，故选。9[单选题A.Tom’stalentforB.Tom’sinterestingapproachtoC.ApresentTomreceivedforD.Acongratulatoryletterfromthe参考解析：Whatsegttherrsto?【昕前预测】四个选项汤姆的教学天分、汤姆有趣的研究方法、汤姆获得的毕业以及从系里收到的祝贺信都是名词性短语，要重点听清。【解析】建议男士在课堂上获得经验，接着赞美男士很有天分，男士对的赞扬表示感谢。这里的gift不指，而是“天赋，才能”的意思，是指他的教学天赋，因此答案为A。A.ToreviewmaterialcoveredinanearlierB.Tochangestudents’approachtoC.TopointoutanexampleofgoodD.Togiveanassignmentforthenext参考解析：【原文】Bymeendoftheterm，IhopeyouwillbeconvincedasIamthatformalwritingalwaysrequiresrevision．Sometimesitrequiresafairlymajorrewritingofthepaper．Somestudentshavethemistakenideathatrevisionmeanssimplymakingcorrectionsinspellingandgrammar．Icallthatproofreading．[9]WhatIexpectyoutodowithyourreviseistoevaluateandimprovetheoveralleffectivenessofyourpaper．Buthowcanyoulifyourpaperiseffective?Well，forexample,startbyaskingyourselfthesequestions：Isthetopicrestrictedenoughtobefullydiscussedwithinthegivenlength?Arethemainideasclear?Aretheysupportedbyspecificdetailsandexamples?Dotheymovesmoothlyfromoneideatothenext?Youneedenoughtimeforapossiblemajoroverhaul．Thatisyoumayhavetomakealotofchangesbeforeyourpaper esreallycleartothereader.[11]SoI'llexpectapreliminarydraftofeachpapertwoweeksbeforethefinalduedate.ThatwayIcancriticizeitandgetitbackintimeforyoutoreviseit.Thenyoucansubmitafinaldraftforgrading.Thisprocessmayseemlikeagreatdealoftroubleatfirst,butIthinkyou'llfinditvaluable.Infact,afteryoufinishthiscourse,Idoubtthatyouwilleverturninatermpaperwithoutfirstrevisingitcarefully.Whatisthepurposeofthe两项提到writing，考查内容可能与写作有关。【解析】本题考查短文的主旨。开头处说话人希望学生相信正式写作是需要校正、修的是想改变学生的写作方式，故答案为B。TocorrectmistakesinspellingandTomakesmoothtransitionsbetweenToaddmorespecificdetailsandToimproveoverall参考解析：Whatshouldbethestudents'maingoalastheyrevisetheirwork?【解题思路】四行评估和改进的方法。不是目标，所以主要目标就是改善文章的整体效果，故选D。WithinthefirstweekofTwoweeksbeforethefinaldueBytheendoftheAweekafterthelastWhenshouldthefirstdraftsbeturnedin?【解题思路】四项均表示时间，解题稿，而且学生可以及时拿回初稿以便修改，故答案为B。文中的preliminary与问题中的first为同义转换。A.Milderweatherinrecentyears．B.AnincreaseingasolinepricesC.ConstructionofbicyclepathsD.Theinventionofsturdy参考解析：【原文】Tenyearsago,thestrangecyclistspromotingenergeticallythroughthefirstsnowstormoftheyearwasararesightoftencapturedinfi.Today,however,itisestimatedthatfourtofivepercentofcyclistsbicycleayearround.[12]Theincreasedpopularityofwintercyclingcanbeattributedtothecreationofthemountainbikeanditssubsequentimitations,outfittedwithpartsmoresturdythanthoseofyesterday.Equippedwiththeirmorestablebicycles,nothingseemstostopthenewbreedofwintercyclists.Withstreetsdryandclearonmostwinterdaysmanywintercyclistswearrunningshoesandprotectthemselvesfromcoldbywearingdown-hillskiingclothes.Onwetdayscyclistscanwearspecialwater-proofbootsovertheirshoes.[13]Butforallofitspopularity,thereisadownsidetowintercycling.Evenmountainbikescan'twithstandwintersnowandrainwithoutextensivemaintenance.[14]Butonebicyclestoreownerisinthefinalstagesofdeveloayear-roundbicyclewithinnovatedcompletechaincover.Withbicyclechainscovered,cyclistswouldneedtocleanandoiltheirchainsonlyonceeverysixmonthsinsteadofonceaweek.[15]Despiteherinvention,however,shestilladvisescycliststotakeataxiorbuswhenitissnowingheavily,notbecausetheconditionsaretootoughforbicyclesbutbecauseshebelievesbikerscan'thaveconfidenceinthepeoplewhodrivecarsondaysofreducedAccordingtothespeaker,whathasencouragedmorepeopletocyclein【解题思路】两项与自行车相关自行车道的建设、结实的自行车的发明，另外两项近些年的温和天气、汽油价格的上升与自行车无直接联系，有效信息不太明确，这时解题的关键就是准确把握。【解析】开头说，十年前奇怪的骑车人卖力地骑着自行车在第一场暴风雪中前行的场景是很少见的，只有在里才经常看到。而现在预计有％～5的人整年都骑自行车。冬季骑车的愈加流行可能是因为山地车和后续配备了比以前更结实。clothing．B.Bicyclemaintenance．C.Increasedillness．D.Increasedcommuting参考解析：Whatproblemwithwintercyclingdoesthespeakermention?【解题思路】四个【解析】提到，有了更稳固的自行车，似乎没有什么能新型的冬季骑车人。冬季大多数时间街道干燥整洁，许多骑车人穿跑鞋，穿滑雪服避寒。下雨的时候，骑车人可以问题，选B。A.Ahead—B.Achaincover．C.Hand参考解析：Whatinventiondescribedbythespeakerwillmakecaringforbicyclesinwintereasier?【解题思路】四个选项“车头灯”、“链盖”、“手刹”、“更厚的轮胎”都是【解析】提到自行车保养的问题后马上用but转折，一家自行车店的创新性地造出了全封闭式的链盖。自行车链条被完全密封起来，骑车人将只需每六个月对车链进。AddextraoiltotheirbicycleWearspecialcyclingTakepublicDriveacartotheir参考解析：Whatdoestheinventorsuggestcyclistsdoondaysofveryheavysnowfall?【解题思路】四项均为动词，考查做某事，结合四个选项(给自行车零件上的油、戴特制【解析】最后提到，尽管发明了全封闭式的链盖，当雪下得非常大的时候，她还是建议骑车人打车或坐车，不是因为这些状况太糟糕无法骑自行车，而是因为她觉得在能见度降低的时候，骑车人不能相信那些开车的人，因此答案为C。WhentheygrowupinaparticularsetofWhentheytraveltoanothercountrythatthey’renotfamiliarWhen etotallydependentontherulesoftheirsocialWhentheystarttolearnaforeign参考解析：【原文】Thesubjectoftoday'slectureiscultureshock:grouppressureinaction16]Cultureshock,asyouknow,isthetermusedtodescribetheexperiencemanypeoplehavewhentheytraveltoanothercountry,anditcanbeseenasamanifestationofgrouppressureinaction.Itisagoodexampleofgrouppressure,becauseitshowswhathappenswhenanindividualsuddenlyexperiencesdifferentculturerules,therulesofanotherculturalgroup.Nowcultureshockisacomplexphenomenon,andtherearcdifferentstagesofthisexperience.Infact,cross-culturalstudiesoncultureshockhaveimmensepracticalvalueformodernsociety.InthislectureI'mgoingtofocusonthereasonswhypeopleexperiencecultureWhydopeopleexperiencecultureshock?Thinkaboutthisforaminute.[17]Whenyougrowupinaparticularsetofsurroundings,naturallyyougetusedtotherulesandguidelinesthaternthebehaviorofthepeoplearoundyou.Inasense,you etotallydependentontherulesofyoursocialgroup.Youdon'ttendtoquestionthem;youjustacceptthemwithoutthinking.Theserulesareoftennotclearlyarticulated,andtherefore,you'renotawareoftheirimpact.Inotherwords,youarenotnecessarilyconsciousofthem.Theyonly eimportantwhen,forexample,yougotoanothercountryoradifferentenvironmentthat'sernedbyadifferentsetofrules.[18]Infact,thisexperiencecanbesoshockingthatithasbeencomparedtohavingabucketofcoldwaterthrownoveryou.Cultureshockhappenspreciselybecauseyoucannotuseyourowncultureasamaptoguideyourownbehaviorandyourownunderstandingofwhatsurroundsyou.[19]You'retotallyoutofcontrol,justasifyouweredrivingalongahighwayinthedark,withoutaroadmap.Andbecauseofthis,peopleoftenbehaveirrationally.It'sahighlystressfulexperience,andtherearedifferentsymptomsindifferentstages...Whendoescultureshockusuallyhappenformany【解题思路】四项均以when开头，本题考查的内容应该是某种行为或现象发生的时间，听时应首先辨明选项中they的指代对象，然后将重点放在四项的关键信息上(particularsurroundingsAnothercountrydependentontheruleslearnaforeign产生的一种感受”，因此可以得出B项为正确答案。其他三项均与讲座内容不符，故排TheyarefrequentlyquestionedbypeopleunwillingtoacceptTheydiffergreatlyamongdifferentsocial ernthebehaviorofpeoplewhoaredependentonTheyareclearlyarticulatedandtheirimpactisalways参考解析：Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttherulesandguidelinesinthesurroundingswherepeoplegrowup?they的描述性句子，且均为一般现在时。they指代的不是某些人，而是某种事物或现象。本题考查的内容应该是某个细节，听时应注意对细节信息的提取以及对整体内容的把握和理C项为正确答案。A、D两项与讲座中的表述正好相反，B项讲座中并未提及，故排除。PeopleareshockedbythedifferencebetweentheforeigncultureandtheirTheattitudetovisitorsofthepeopleinaforeigncountryisreallyTheforeignculturethatpeopleexperiencemaybetotallydifferentfromwhattheyPeoplemayrunintobudgetshortfallswhentraveltoanother参考解析：Whatdoesthespeakermeanbymentioning"abucketofcoldwaterthrownoveryou"?【解题思路】四项均为一般现在时的描述性句子。本题考查的内容应该是某个细节，听时应注意对细节信息的提取，并留意四个选项中的关键信．(shockedbythedifference，attitude…cold，foreignculture，budgetshortfalls)。“例如，你去到另一个国家或者一个不同的环境中，被一套不同的规则所支配。事实上，这种感受会令你非常，就像被一桶冷水浇在身上。正是因为你无法将自己原本的文化当作一张地图，用来指导你自身的行为以及对周围环境的认知，文化冲击就这样发生了。”因此可以得出A项为正确答案。其余三项讲座中均未提及，属于干扰项，可排除。本题考查比喻的修辞手法，难度较大，需要考生对语境和语义TheyoftendrivealongahighwayintheTheyoftenbehaverationallywithoutTheyneedaroadmaptoguidetheirThey'retotallyoutofcontrolandfeelhighly参考解析Whathappenstopeoplewhentheyexperiencecultureshock?【解题思路】四项they的描述性句子；其中三项表示的内容含有某种消极意义。根据四个选项描they指代的是人而不是物。本题考查的内容应该是某个细节，有可能涉“你完全失去了控制，就像行驶在中的公，没有地图的指引。因此，人们通常会做出非理性的行为。这是一种高度紧张DYoucanfindajobbyjustporingoverhelp-wantedLookingforajobmeansknockingonthedoorandCollegegraduatescanfindajobatanypointoftimeonline.D.Findingajob esmucheasierforcollegegraduates.参考解析：【原文】Itusedtobethatlookingforajobmeantpoundingthepavement,knockingondoorsandporingoverhelp-wantedads.Butthat'schanging,thankstotheInternet.[20]AnewreportbyGeorgetownUniversity'sCenteronEducationandtheWorkforcesays,forcollegegraduates,lookingforajobisgettingeasier.Thereport'sleadauthor,TonyCarnevale,spoketoVOA,appropriayenoughonline,viaSkype."Morethan80percentofthosejobsthatexisted,atanypointintime,areavailableonline."Attheheightoftherecession--whenU.S.unemploymentpeakedat10percent,justalittlemorethantwomillionjobswerebeingpostedeachmonth.[21]Butastherecoverytakeshold,Carnevalesaysthejobpicturelooksincreasinglybright."We'renowatabout3.7millionjobopeningsoutthere.Bythetimetherecoveryisdone,wethinkwe'llgettomaybefivemillionjobopeningsonline."That'sgreatnewsforGeorgetownJuniorJamilHamilton.Onlyoncehasheeverappliedinforajobatashopmall."Ithinkmygeneration--theideaofgoingdoortodoor,outknockingandsaying,heyareyouhiring?—likethat—doesn'texistanymore..,thosedaysaregone,justgoonline."[22]KimDancyrecentlygraduatedwithaMaster'sdegreeinPublicPolicy.Shefoundherdreamjobasaneducationpolicyresearcher.Butshesaysfindingtheperfectjobonlinetakesalotof"Itcanbereallyfrustratingandittakesalongtime,butifyouappliedforenoughpositionsandreallydoyouryouwillgetsomewhere."Thereport'sfindingssuggestcareersintheso-calledSTEMfields--Science,Technology,EngineeringandMath—providethegreatestopportunities,withsalariesthatrangebetween30to45anhour.Butfor umincomeandsatisfaction,ProfessorCarnevalesaysworkersmustbepreparedtomoveandchangejobsatleasteveryfiveyears.Accordingtothelecture,whatchangehastheInternetbroughtlookfor／findajob。本题考查的内容与找工作有关，by【解析】讲座开头部分提到，由于互联网的存在，“徘徊，挨家挨户敲门，关注急聘报告称，对于大学毕业生拳说，找工作正变得越来越容易。因此可以得出D项为正确答案。A项中提到的“关注急聘”和B项中提到的“挨家挨户敲门、询问”都是以往找C项。A.Therewon'tbeenoughjobvacancyB.Therewillbea3.7millionincreaseinjobopeningsbeforeC.ThejobpicturewillbebrighterwitheconomicD.TwomillionnewjobswillbepostedonlineonadailyWhatdoesCarnevalesayaboutthejobpicture?【解题思路】四项均为一般将来【解析】讲座中卡内瓦莱的话提到：“随着经济复苏愈加平稳，求职的前景越来越光C项为正确答案。卡内瓦莱表示：“现有的职位中，80％以上任何时候都可以在网上找到。”可见网上的职位并非不够充足，A项可排除。卡内瓦莱说：“我370500万个空缺职位。”故可排除B项。“200万”是经济最为严重时每个月网上发布的新职位数据，不是将要发生的事情，故D项也可排除。A.ShefoundherdreamjobasaneducationpolicyB.ShegotnowhereinfindingajobduetoalackofC.Shefailedinjob-huntingfornothavingappliedforenoughD.ShefeltthatherMaster'sdegreewasnothelpfulatWhatdoweknowaboutKimDancyaccordingtothespeaker?【解题思路】四个【解析】讲座后半部分提到：“金·丹西最近拿到了公共政策专业的。她找到了自己梦寐以求的工作——教育政策研究员。”因此可以得出A项为正确答案。B项中的C项中的“申请足够的职位”都是金·丹西提到的能够帮助在网上找到工作的条件，而D项是根据Master’sdegree设置的干扰项，故三项均可排除。A.ItmayresultinariseintheratesofinfectiousB.ItmaygiverisetoabreakdowninC.ItmayleadtodecreasesinagriculturalD.Itmaybringaboutimmediateincreasesinhospital参考解析：【原文】Theimpactofclimatechangeissogreatthatitcouldunderminethelast50yearsofgainsinglobalhealth,accordingtotheLancetCommissionreport.Weatherextremesmadeworsebyclimatechangearepotentiallycatastrophicandunacceptable,saysCommission'sprojectleaderNicolasWatts,whospoketoVOA."[23]Intermsofdrought,weoftenseecorrespondingdecreasesinagriculturalproductivity,whichtheninturnhasaprofoundimpactonmalnutrition,particularlyforchildren,andwithfloodsweoftenseeariseintheratesofinfectiousdiseasesandotherdiseasesthathappenasaresultofabreakdowninsanitation."Andincreasingly,it'sjusthotter,whichcanbedeadly.Anextremeheatwavein2003left70,000peopledeadacrossEurope."Andthosesortsofeventsareexpectedtoincreaseinintensityandseverityastimegoeson."TheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatunlessdramaticactionistakentoreduceglobalwarmingemissionsby2030,approximay250,000peoplewilldieeachyearfromtheeffectsofclimatechange.Outdoorairpollutionislinkedtosomethreemilliondeathsworldwide.[24]Wattssaysashiftfromcoal-firedpowerplantstorenewableenergycangreatlyreducethatdanger."Weseeimmediatedeclinesinhospitaladmissionsandinhealthcarecosts,whichreducesburdenofalreadystrugglinghealthbudgets.Therearemanyotherwaysforustodosomethingtoprotecttheenvironment.Forexample,youcandecreasetherelianceoncarsandmotorvehicles,andtrytoencourageactivetransportlikecyclingandwalking.Youcanevendecreasetheratesofdiabetesandobesitywhileprotectingtheenvironment."Inordertoreducetheeffectsofclimatechangeonglobalhealth,theCommissionmakesmendations,includingaphase-outofcoalpowerplants,expansionofrenewableenergy,investmentinhealthsystemsandacommitmenttoastrongglobalclimatetreaty.Wattspublichealthisatthecoreofanewglobal"Mostofwhatyouwanttodotorespondtoclimatechangeisgoodforpublichealth,anditisactuallyamuchbrighterfuture."[25]Wattssayshealthcareprofessionalscanbeadvocatesinthebattleagainstclimatechange.Healsosayswhatisgoodfortheplanetisgoodforpatientcare.AccordingtoNicolasWatts,whatimpactcandrought【解题思路】四项均以it开头，且表示某种事物导致的结果或产生的影响。听时先弄【解析】在短文中尼古拉斯·沃特提到，就干旱来说，它通常会导致农业产量相应减少，c项。A、B两项并不是干旱的所造成的结果或影响，可排除；中间部分提到，从燃煤发电厂转变到可再生能源可以减少空气污染，使得入院人数随即降低，因此D项不符合文意，可排除。A.DecreasingtherelianceoncarsandmotorB.Ashiftfromcoal-firedpowerplantstorenewableC.EncouragingactivetransportationlikecyclingandD.Acommitmenttoastrongglobalclimate参考解析：WhatdoesNicolasWattsthinkwillgreatlyreducethedangerofoutdoorairpollution?【解题思路】选项中两项为名词短语，两项为动名词短语，表示的内容均为某，联土，此提的这就是室空气染故正答为B项。Ac两项是后提到的其他两种环保方式，但并没有直接说这可以极大地减少空气污染的，且两项类似的建议同时出现，因此不可能为正确答案。气候变化影响了全世界人们的健康，D是后文对此几点宏观性建议之一，不符合题意，故排除。A.TheWorldHealthD.Professionalsinhealth参考解析：AccordingtoWatts,whocanserveasadvocatesinthebattleagainstclimatechange?【解题思路】四项均为名词或名词短语，表示某类人或某个组织。本题考查细【解析】结尾部分提到，沃特称医疗卫生专家们可以成为应对气候变化行动中的倡导者，因为D项为正确答案。中提到了A、B两项，但与题意不符，可排除；C项中27-36Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthis26,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.Totheprofessionalanthropologist(人类学家),thereisnointrinsic27ofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguistthereisnointrinsichierarchy(制.amongPeopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsas28andundevelopedformsofspeech,consistinglargelyofgruntsandgroans.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof"backward"languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthe29ofideas.TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsor30structures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,which31theobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisdepartment,however,twothingsaretobenoted:1.Alllanguagesseemto32themachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.2.Theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin"backward"languages,whiledifferentfromours,areoftensurprisingly33.andcomplicated.Thisstudyoflanguage,inturn,34anewlightupontheclaimoftheanthropologiststhatallculturesaretobeviewed35,andwithoutideasofrankorhierarchy.N.27[单选题]第（26）ABCDEFGHIJKLMN和。从这种[6]意义上说，每个群体都有一种文化，不管在我们看来，它是多么野蛮、不发达或未开化。对于专业的人类学家而言，没有哪种文化在本质上比另一种[7]优越，这就像对于专业的语言学家而言，语言之间并没有内在的等级一样。人们曾经认为群体的语言就是[8]野蛮的、不发达的言语形式，主要包括咕哝和呻吟。尽管一般来说，语言有可能是以一系列的咕哝和的形式开始的，但是，通过对“”语言的研究证实，今天没有哪种语言符合这种描述。按照我们的最严格标准来讲，作为[9]传递思想的工具，多数未开化人群的语言极其复杂、缜密，并具有独创性。这些语言在语音模式或[0]语法结构上通常能完全满足语言的所有需求，并不于我们西方的语言，比我们的只是[1]反映这些说话者所知物体及活动的词汇。然而，即使是在这方面，也有两点值得一提：1．所有语言都[]拥有拓展词汇的机制，要么是通过将现存词汇组合在一起来拓展，要么是通过从其他语言中借入一些词并将其改造以适应自身体系来实现。2．在这些[3]‘‘的”语言中，尽管那些需要名字及区分的物体及活动与我们不同，它们却都经常是多得出奇、复杂得出奇。[35]独立看待，而在句中作状语。分析此短语可知，inthissuperiority、transfer、identification、sense四项，inthissense，inthissense讲”，符合此处文意，故选M。28[单选题]第（27）ABCDEFGHIJKLMNisno件的单词有三个：superiority意为优越性”，transfer意为“转移；转换”，identification意为“鉴别；明”。本句的大意是“没有哪种文化在本质上比另一种优越”，因此，只有superiority符合文意。29[单选题]第（28）ABCDEFGHIJKLMN参考解析：语法判断：分析句子结构可知，该空缺少一个形容词，与并列的形容词undeveloped共同修饰后面的名词forms。语义判断：符合上述语法条件的形容词有四个：savagegrammatical意为“语法的”，numerous意为“许多的”，exclusive意为“单独的”。把这四项代入原文后可知savage比较贴合文意。30[单选题]第（29）ABCDEFGHIJKLMNfortheofideas之中。分析此短语可知，该空缺少一个名词。语义判断：符合上述语法条件的单词有transfer和identificationtransferofideastransferofideas(传递思想)符合这里的语义表达，故选D。31[单选题]第（30）ABCDEFGHIJKLMN参考解析：语法判断：分析句子结构可知，该空所处的位置是not…or…并列结构，intheirsound形成并列关系的名词或形容词，来修饰后面的structures。语义判断：结合前面28题的“语义判断”，可知只有形容词grammatical(语法的)符合这里的语义表达，修饰后面的structures，表示“语法结构”，故F。32[单选题]第（31）ABCDEFGHIJKLMNwhich引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的名词vocabularies．该空应填入一个动词作谓语。语义判断：符合上述语法条件的单词有conceive(构想)、reflect(反映)possess(拥有)三个。结合此处文意“反映这些说话者所知物体及活动的词汇”，可知reflect为正确答案。33[单选题]第（32）ABCDEFGHIJKLMN参考解析：语法判断：分析句子结构可知，该空缺少一个动词，构成seemtodosthconceivepossess两个。结合语境，本句的大意是“所有语言都拥有拓展词汇的机制”，因此possess为正确答案。34[单选题]第（33）ABCDEFGHIJKLMN参考解析：语法判断：分析句子结构可知，该空缺少一个形容词作表语，和complicated并列。语义判断：结合前面28题和30题的“语义判断”，并结合此处文意“多得出奇”，可知应填入numerous，故选I。35[单选题]第（34）ABCDEFGHIJKLMNthisstudycasts(投射；铸造)和reveals(揭示)两个。结合语境，本句的大意是“对于语言的研究反过来让人们对人类学家的断言有了新的认识”，因此，只有casts符合。castanewlighton／upon意为“使人们36[单选题]第（35）ABCDEFGHIJKLMN该空应填入一个副词来修饰前面的动词view。语义判断：符合上述语法条件的单词有independently和 ly两个。结合语境，本句的大意是“所有的文化都该被独立看待”，可知independently为正确答案，故选J。37-46WhatDotheHumanitiesTeachHumanitiesprofessorshavecomeupwithaseeminglyfoolproof(无懈可击的.defenseagainstthosewhotrashdegreesin,sayEnglishliteratureorphilosophyaswastedtuitiondollars,one-wayticketstounemployment.Ohno,wesay—thehumanitiespreparestudentstosucceedintheworkingworldjustaswellasallthoseallegedpracticalmajors,maybeevenbetter.Weoffertoolsofthought.Weteachourstudentstounderstandandyzecomplexideas.Wehelpthemdeveloppowersofexpression,writtenandverbal.Thelengthyessaysweassignenhancetheircapacitytodoindependentwork.Atourbest,weteachthemhowtoreason--andreasoningundergirds(从底层加强，巩固.everysuccessfulprofessionalproject.Intheshortterm,suchadefensemayseemeffective.Butitisdeadwrong.IntheChronicleofHigherEducation,adistinguishedhumanitiesscholarrecentlywrotewithprideaboutastudentofhis,aclassicsmajor,whowrotebrilliantlyonSpinozayetplanstoeamilitarysurgeon.ArecentarticleinBusinessInsideroffered"11ReasonstoIgnoretheHatersandMajorintheHumanities."Forexample:You'llbeabletodothingsmachinescan'tdoinaserviceeconomy.You'lllearntoexplainandsellanidea.You'llstandoutinthecrowdinthecomingSTEMglut(供应过剩..Inthesamepublication,BrackenDarrell,thechiefexecutiveofLogitech,talkedaboutwhyheloveshiringEnglishmajors:"ThebestCEOsandleadersextremelygoodwritersandhavethisabilitytoarticulateandverbalizewhatthey'reSomeofmycolleaguesaregettingquiteaggressiveaboutthislineofreasoning."Ithinkweactuallydoabetterjobgettingpeoplereadyforlawschoolandbusinessthanthepeopleineconomicsdo,"agoodfriendwhoteacheshumanitiestoldmenotlongago.Itseemsthatthere'snoproblem,then.Wantsuccess?Comeonin,ourtentflapisopen.Butthehumanitiesarenotaboutsuccess.They'reaboutquestioningsuccess--andeveryimportantsocialvalue.Socratestaughtusthis,andweshouldn'tforgetit.Sure,someonewhostudiesliteratureorphilosophyislearningtothinkclearlyandwritewell.Butthoseskillsaremeanstoanend.Thatend,asPlatosaid,islearninghowtoliveone'slife."Thisdiscussionisnotaboutanychancequestion,"Plato'sSocratessaysinTheRepublic,"butaboutthewayoneshouldlive."That'swhat'sattheheartofthehumanities—informed,thoughtfuldialogueaboutthewayweoughttoconductlife.Thisdialoguehonorsnopieties:Allpositionsaredebatable;allvaluesareupfordiscussion.RalphWaldoEmersonspeaksforthespiritofthehumanitiesinSelf-Reliancewhenhesaysthatwe"mustnotbehinderedbythenameofgoodness,butmustexploreifitbegoodness."Hewillnotacceptwhattheworldcalls"good"withoutconsideration.He'lllookintoitasSocratesdidandseeifitactuallyisgood.WhenMontaignedoubtsreceivedopinionsandaskshimselfwhathereallyknowsandwhathedoesnot,heisactinginthespiritofthehumanities."Quesais-Je?"or"WhatdoIknow?"washismotto.Socrates,whoprobablyconcentratesthespiritofthehumanitiesbetterthananyone,spenthistimeramblingaroundAthensaskingpeopleiftheythoughttheywerelivingvirtuouslives.Hebelievedthathiscitywasgettingproudandlazy,likeanoverfedthoroughbredhorse,andthatitneededhim,thestinginggadfly(牛虻.,towakeitup.TheAthenianshadtoaskthemselvesifthelivestheywereleadingreallyweregoodSocratesdidn'thelpthemworktheirwaytosuccesshehelpedthemworktheirwaytoinsightandvirtue.Now,Americansareinlovewithsuccess—successfortheirchildreninparticular.Asaparentofsonsintheir20s,Iunderstandthisandsympathizewithit.Butourjobashumanistsisn'ttosecondwhatevervalueshappentobeinplaceinsociety.We'reheretoquestionthosevaluesandmaybe--using