甘肃省兰州市联片办学2022-2023学年英语高三第一学期期末达标检测试题含解析-

2023-2023高三上英语期末模拟试卷留意事项：1回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，卡上，写在本试卷上无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）Accordingtothereport,peopleinthe areasarerebuildingtheirhomesandmanyroads totheareahavebeenrepaired.A．flooded;lead B．flooding;leading C．flooding;tolead D．flooded;leading2．Whenshallwestartthereconstructionofthehistoricbuilding?Notuntilourprogram bytheauthority.A.willapprove B.willbeapprovedC.hasapproved D.hasbeenapproved—It toplanttreesandgrassonthehillside.—Yes.Theyhelpstopsoilfrombeingwashedaway.A．makessenseC．makesalivingamistakes

B．makesmoneyTheeventthat inmymemoryhappenedonemorningin1983whenIwas14yearsold.Ithasneverescaped.A．stoodout B．standsoutC．wouldstandout D．hasstoodout5．—Kevin,timeforthenext—Nohurry!Another15minutesandwe museum.A．amexploring B．haveexploredC．willexplore D．willhaveexplored

alltheexhibitionroomsoftheHaveyoureadthebookLifeandDeathAreWearingMeYan, thatwonhimthe2012NobelPrizeinLiterature?A．theone B．one C．thoseD．onesAfternineyearsworkingtoprotectSiberiantigers,YangJun hiseffortsrecognizedattheannualawardceremonyinBeijingwherehewasnameda"wildlifeprotector".A．had B．hadhadC．hashad D．hasTheprofessor abouthowtoprotecttheendangeredanimalintheconferenceatthistimetomorrow.A．talked B．talks C．hasbeentalking D．willbetalkingPassionispassionanditdoesn'tmatter it'sdirecteExactlitcanbecoinsorsportsorA．whyC．whether D．where

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sort;everytimeTohisdelight,Tomquicklyearnedthetrustofhisbossandthen ofcolleagues.A．oneC．thatD．those

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willbebuiltItisreallycoldandthegroundiswet;it haverainedlastnight.A．mightC．can D．should

B．must—Doyouknowwhytheteacherasksforme?—Hewantsyouto yourabsencelastnight.A．accountforC．sendfor D．reachfor

B．callfor15．Iwasonabusinesstripthen,otherwiseI tothehospitalfortests.A．wentC．wouldhavegone D．wouldgo

B．hadgone16．-Excuseme,butwhyamInotallowedtousethegym?- ，butyourroompricedoesn'tcoverit.A．Nohurry B．Nowonder C．Nooffence D．NoproblemAsyougothroughthisbook,you thateachofthemillionsofpeoplewholivedthroughWorldWarIIhadadifferentexperience.A．willfind B．foundC．hadfound D．havefoundThepeoplesucceededbecausetheyunderstoodthatyoucan’tletyourfailures you——youhavetoletyourfailuresteachyou.A．define B．declineC．qualify D．simplifySheseemstoprefer AmericanTVShowstotalkingtoA．towatchB．tobewatchingC．watchingD．havingwatchedInordertofinishtheworktime,themaninchargedecidedto somemoreworkers.giveup B．takeon C．lookafterout其次部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。2（6分）TicksoftheTradeHerearesomeofthewayscompaniestrytogetyoutobuytheirproducts.Seeifyoucanspotanyofthemthenexttimeyouwatchanad,WhataCharacter!CompaniesoftenusemascotstoselltheirproductsAmemorablemascot—likearabbitthatlovesyouimmediatelythinkoftheproduct.ConvincingColors:Manyfoodscomeinbrightlycoloredpackagingmeanttograbyourattention.Differentcolorscancreatedifferentfeelings.Forexample, researchshowsthatredandyellowcanmakeyouhungry.NameThatTune:Haveyoueverhadasongfromacommercialstuckinyourhead?Companiescreatecatchyjinglesandsloganstomakesureyoudon’tforgettheirproducts.MakingYourMouthWater:Haveyounoticedthatfoodincommercialsoftenlooksbetterthanitdoesinreallife?That’sbecauseadvertisershirepeoplecalledfoodstyliststomakeburgerslookextrajuicyandchipsextracrispy.StarPower:Companiespayactors, athletes, andsingerstopromotetheirproducts.Theideaisthatpeoplewillwanttoeatanddrinkthesameproductsasthecelebritiestheyadmire.FootballstarCamNewtonappearsinadsforGatorade.1、66．Inthefirsttrick,whatdocompaniestrytoassociatetheirproductswith?A．Trademarks.Mascots.Logos.Symbols.2、68．Researchshowsthatthecoloryellowcan A．increaseaperson’sappetiteinspireaperson’simaginationsharpenaperson’seyesightmotivateperson’screativity3、70．Foodstyliststrytopromotethefoodbytakingadvantageofaperson’ssenseof .A．hearingB．touchC．sightD．smell22（8分

Britishchildrenusedtoplayconkers(板栗玩耍)intheautumnwhenthehorse-chestnuttreesstartedtodroptheirshinybrownnuts.Theywouldselectasuitablechestnut,drillaholeinitandthreaditontoastring,thenswingtheirconkeratthatofanopponentuntiloneofthembroke.Butthegamehasfallenoutoffavour.Childrenspendlesstimeoutdoorsandrarelyhaveaccesstochestnuttrees.Besides,manyschoolshavebannedconkersgames,worriedthattheymightcauseinjuriesornutallergies.Thatsortofrisk-averseness(规避风险)nowspreadsthrougheveryaspectofchildhood.Playgroundshavealltheexcitementdesignedoutofthemtomakethemsafe.Manygovernments,particularlyinsocietiessuchasAmerica,havetighteneduptheirrules,requiringparentsto监管youngchildrenfarmorecloselythaninthepast.FrankFuredioftheUniversityofKent,acriticonmodernparenting,arguesthatallowingchildrentoplayunsupervisedorleavingthemathomealoneisincreasinglydescribedasasymptomofirresponsibleparenting.Inpart,suchincreasedcautionisaresponsetothehugewaveofchanges.Large-scaleurbanization,smallerandmoremobilefamilies,themoveofwomenintothelabormarketandthedigitizationofmanyaspectsoflifehaveunavoidablychangedthewaythatpeoplebringuptheirchildren.Thereislittlechancethatanyofthesetrendswillbechanged,sotoday'smore精细化的parentingstyleislikelytogoon.Suchparentingpracticesnowembracedbywealthyparentsinmanypartsoftherichworld,particularlyinAmerica,gofarbeyondanadjustmenttochangesinexternalconditions.Theymeanastrongbidtoensurethattheadvantagesenjoyedbytheparents’arepassedontotheirchildren.Sincesuccessinlifenowturnsmainlyoneducation,suchparentswilldotheirbesttoprovidetheirchildrenwiththeschooling,thecharactertrainingandthesocialskillsthatwillsecureaccesstothebestuniversitiesandlaterthemostattractivejobs.Tosomeextentthathasalwaysbeenthecase.Buttherearemoresuchparentsnow,andtheyarecompetingwitheachotherforwhateconomistscallpositionalgoods.Thiscompetitionstartsevenbeforethechildrenareborn.Thewealthyclasseswilltaketheirtimetoselectasuitablespouseandgetmarried,andwillstartafamilyonlywhentheyfeelreadyforit.Childrenfromlessadvantagedbackgrounds,bycontrast,oftenappearbeforetheirparentsarereadyforthem.InAmerica60%ofbirthstosinglewomenunder30areunplanned,andover40%ofchildrenarebornoutsidemarriage.Theresult,certainlyinAmerica,hasbeentowidenalreadymassivesocialinequalitiesyetfurther.Alltheevidencesuggeststhatchildrenfrompoorerbackgroundsareatadisadvantagealmostassoonastheyareborn.Bytheageoffiveorsixtheyarefarless“school-ready”thantheirpeers,soanyattemptstohelpthemcatchuphavetostartlongbeforetheygettoschool.Americahashadsomesuccesswithvariousschemesinvolvingregularhomevisitsbynursesorsocialworkerstolow-incomefamilieswithnewbabies.Italsohaslongexperiencewithprogrammesforyoungchildrenfrompoorfamiliesthatcombinesupportforparentswithgood-qualitychildcare.Suchprogrammesdoseemtomakeadifference.Withoutextraeffort,childrenfromlow-incomefamiliesinmostcountriesaremuchlesslikelythantheirbetter-offpeerstoattendpreschooleducation,eventhoughtheyaremorelikelytobenefitfromit.AnddatafromtheOECD’sPISAprogrammesuggestthatchildrenneedatleasttwoyearsofpreschooleducationtoperformattheirbestwhentheyare15.Sothemostpromisingwaytoensuregreaterequalitymaybetomakeearly-yearseducationandcareformorewidelyavailableandmoreaffordable,asitisintheNordics.Somegovernmentsarealreadyrethinkingtheireducationalpriorities,shiftingsomeoftheirspendingtotheearlyyears.Mostrichcountriesdecidedmorethanacenturyagothatfree,compulsoryeducationforallchildrenwasaworthwhileinvestmentforsociety.Thereisnowanargumentforstartingpreschooleducationearlier,assomecountrieshavealreadyInthefaceofcrushingnewinequalities,amodernversionofthatapproachisworthtrying.1、Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?Moreattentionisplacedonchildren’ssafety.Moreandmoreparentsarebecomingirresponsible.Childrenarenolongerinterestedinoutdooractivities.Parentsareadvisedtospendmoretimewiththeirchildren.2、WhichofthefollowingaboutintensiveparentingstyleisA．Chancesarethatthisstylecouldbechanged.B．Financialpressureforcesparentstobestricter.C．Richfamiliesadoptsuchstyletokeeptheiradvantages.D．Suchstyleislargelyinfluencedbythesizeofthefamily.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceimply?A．Economistsofferpracticaladvicetoguideparenting.B．Ahappymarriagesecureschildren’ssocialpositions.Unfairdivisionofsocialresourcesdrivesparentsmad.Parentsarestrugglingfortheirchildren’sedgeoverpeers.4、Whichisthepropermeasuretonarrowthegapbetweentherichandthepoor?A．Parentsarepersuadedtogivebirthtobabiesintheirlateryears.Fundsareprovidedforpoorchildrenaftertheyareadmittedtoschool.Newbabiesinlow-incomefamiliesaresenttonursesorsocialworkers.Childrenfromlow-incomefamiliesareensuredtoreceiveearlyeducation.5、What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsinvestmentineducation?SupportiveC．Skeptic

B．DisapprovingD．Unconcerned6、Theauthorbeginsthepassagewiththegameofconkersto A．showcompetitionoverweighscooperationimplyeducationalinequalitiesshouldbebrokenmakereadersawareoftherulesofthegameindicatethegamehaslostitsappealtochildren23（8分Canyoubetoobeautiful?Itishardlyaproblemthatmostofushavetobotherasmuchaswemightliketodreamthatitwerethecase.Yettheblessingsandcursesofbeautyhavebeenalong-standinginterestinpsychology.Dothoseblessedwithshinyfacesandanattractivebodyliveinacloudofappreciation—ordoesitsometimespaytobeordinary?Atthemostbasiclevel,beautymightbethoughttocarryakindofhalo(光环)aroundit;weseethatsomeonehasonegoodquality,andbyassociation,ourdeepmindmayassumethattheyhaveothergoodonestoo.Eveninthecourts,apleasingappearancecanworkitsmagic.Attractivecriminalsarelikelytogetlessstrictsentences,ortoescapepunishmententirely;attractiveplaintiffs原告meanwhile,aremorelikelytowintheircaseandgetbiggerfinancialsettlements.“It’saneffectseeneverywhere,”saysWalker.Butifbeautypaysinmostcircumstances,therearestillsituationswhereitcanhaveoppositeresults.Whileattractivemenmaybeconsideredbetterleaders,forinstance,hiddensexistprejudices偏见canworkagainstattractivewomen,makingthemlesslikelytobehiredforhigh-leveljobsthatrequirepower.Andasyoumightexpect,good-lookingpeopleofbothsexesrunintoenvy—onestudyfoundthatifyouareinterviewedbysomeoneofthesamesex,theymaybelesslikelytoemployyouiftheyjudgethatyouaremoreattractivethantheyare.Moreworryingly,beingbeautifulorhandsomecouldharmyourmedicalcare.Wetendtolinkgoodlookstohealth,meaningthatillnessesareoftentakenlessseriouslywhentheyaffectthegood-looking.Whentreatingpeopleforpain,forinstance,doctorstendtotakelesscareoverthemoreattractivepeople.Ultimately,scientistspointoutthatfocusingtoomuchonyourappearancecanitselfbeharmfulifitcreatesstressandanxiety—evenforthosealreadyblessedwithgoodlooks.“Ifyouarecrazyaboutattractiveness,itmayyourexperienceandinteractions,”shesays.It’sanoutdatedsaying,butnoamountofbeautycanmakeupforabadpersonality.AsthewriterDorothyParkerputitsoelegantly:isonlyskindeep,butuglygoescleantothe1、Fromparagraph1,wecanlearnthat .somemaybebotheredbytheirunattractiveappearancemostpeoplearenotafraidofbeingtoobeautifulwemightalwaysdreamaboutbeingbotheredbyothersbeingtoobeautifulcanbeaproblembotheringeveryone2、Whichisthebenefitforbeautifulpeople?Allattractiveplaintiffshavemorechancestogetawaywithpunishment.Womenwithpleasingappearancewillalwaysbeconsideredasbetterleaders.C．Good-lookingpeopleareoftenregardedashavingmanygoodqualities.D．Beautifulcriminalsaremorelikelytopersuadethejudgeandwinthecase.3、Thewritermentionedtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphto A．persuadeustopaymoreattentiontoourlooksfromnowonB．suggestthatbeautycanhelpmakeabetterpersonalityC．encourageustofocusmoreonimprovingourpersonalityD．askuglypeopletohavemoreconfidenceintheirpersonality4、Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Beauty,ablessing? B．SexistPrejudice.C．Realbeauty. D．BenefitsBeautyholds.24（8分） Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?Avoidingtemptation(诱惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe“outofsight,outofmind”Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?Notnecessarily.Researchersdon’tbelievethatone’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.Willpowermayalsobemadeless脆弱）tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear’sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords,don’ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall.1、Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat .peoplehaveunlimitedself-controlhighmotivationensuresone’ssuccessC．willpowerishardlycompletelyexhaustedD．toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailureTheunderlinedphrase“tapinto”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans .makeuseC．build

runoutD．increase3、Theauthorcomparesself–controltomuscles A．toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpowertoshowthesignificanceofregularexercisetoarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyuseduptoexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control4、Todevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?A．“Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise.”“Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.”“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”“Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation.”25（10分） AnewstudyexploresthecustomoftippingintheUnitedStates.ManyAmericansgivetipstopeoplewhoperformajobforthem,especiallyworkersintheserviceindustry.Theypayalittleextratopeoplecuttingtheirhair,drivingthemacrosstownorservingthemamealatarestaurant.Theresearchersfoundthatmengivebiggertipstorestaurantworkersthanwomen.AndpeoplewholiveinthenorthernUSaremoregenerouswithtipsthanthoselivingintheSouth.Peoplewhoearn$50,000ormoreayeargivebiggertipsthanthosewhoearnlessthan$50,000.Thereisonelikelyreason:thewealthierAmericanshavemoremoneytospend.MichaelLynnisaprofessorofconsumerbehaviorandmarketingattheCornellUniversitySchoolofHotelAdministrationinNewYork.Inotherwords,heknowsalotabouttheissueoftipping.Inearliersurveys,Lynnsaidhefoundmixedresultsonthegenerosityofmenandwomenwhenitcomestotipping.Insomestudies,mengavebiggertipsthanwomen.Inothers,womengavemoremoney.sownhnnsfoundthatmeniebiggertipswhentherestaurantserverisawomanandwomengivemorewhentheserverisaman.Tipsareveryimportanttoserviceemployees.Peoplewhoworkatrestaurantsoftengetmostoftheirearningsfromtips.Nationwide,Americansgenerallytipbetween15to20percentatrestaurantsandleavefrom$2toS10adayforthepeoplewhocleantheirhotelrooms.Tipsof15percentofthereadingonthemeter计价器arealsocommonforpeoplewhodrivetaxis.Buthereissomethingtokeepinmind.Ifyouareabletogivethepersonservingyouatiporabiggeronethanwhatisexpected,yourgenerositywillbewelcome.Manyserviceworkersdonotmakemuchmoney,andevenanextradollarortwocanmakeadifferenceintheirlives.1、WhatisparagraphImainlyabout?A．Astudyinarestaurant.C．Theserviceindustryinthe

B．Ajobofferingalotoftips.D．Thecustomoftippinginthe2、WhatisLynn’sfindinginAmericanrestaurants?Peoplegivemoretipstotheoppositesexserver.Peoplearealwaysmoregeneroustoserviceemployers.Mengivethesametipstothewomenrestaurantserversaswomen.Menalwaysgivemoretipstothemenrestaurantserversthanwomen.3、HowmuchtipsdoAmericansgenerallypayifthereadingonthetaximeteris$100?A．$2.C．$15.

B．$10.4、Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardstipping?A．Doubtful.C．Uncaring.

B．Critical.D．Supportive.（共两节（1.530A、、CD26（30分） Oneday,aprofessorenteredtheclassroomandaskedhistoprepareforasurprisetest.Theywaitedanxiouslyattheirdesksforthetesttobegin.Theprofessor 1 thequestionpapers,withthetextfacingdownasusual. 2hehandedthemallout,heaskedhisstudentsto 3 thepageandbegin.Toeveryone’ssurprise,therewereno 4 justablackdot点）inthecenterofthepage.Theprofessor,seeingtheexpressiononcvciyone’sface,toldthemthefollowing:“Iwantyoutowritewhatyou 5 there."Thestudents,thoroughly 6 ,gotstartedontheinexplicable费解的）tasktheend oftheclass,theprofessor 7 alltheanswerpapersandstartedreadingeachoneofthemaloudinfrontofallthestudents.Allofthem,withno 8 ，describedtheblackdot,tryingtoexplainitspositioninthemiddleofthesheet,etc.Afterallhadbeen 9 ,theclassroom wassilent,theprofessorbegantoexplain:“I’mnotgoingtogradethis.I 10 wantedtogiveyousomethingtothinkaboutNoonewroteaboutthe 11 partofthepaper.Everyonefocusedontheblackdot,andthesamehappensinour 12 .Wehaveawhitepapertoobserve13 ,butwealwaysfocusonthedarkspots.Ourlifeisa 14 giventouswithloveandciurandwealways 15 tocelebrate:naturerenewingitselftveryourfriendsaroundus,thejob 16 ourbreadandbutterandthemiraclesweseeevoyday. 17 ,weinsistonfocusingonlyonthedarkspots:thehealthissuesthatbotherus.thelackofmoney,the 18 relationshipwithcolleagues,the 19withafriend,andetc.Thedarkspotsarevery 20 comparedtoeverythingwehaveinourlives,buttheyaretheonesthatpolluteourminds.1、A．turnedup B．handedout C．referredto D．pointedat2、A．SinceB．UntilC．IfD．After3、A．turnB．shutC．openD．use4、A．exercisesB．choicesC．questionsD．scores5、A．rememberB．imagineC．studyD．see6、A．surprisedB．confusedC．curiousD．displeased7、A．markedB．finishedC．collectedD．selected8、A．excuseB．wayC．explanationD．exception9、A．readB．answeredC．returnedD．said10、A．alsoB．justC．evenD．finally11、A．bigB．blackC．whiteD．beautiful12、A．studiesB．classroomsC．collegesD．lives13、A．enjoyB．keepC．sendD．show14、A．burdenB．giftC．pressureD．lesson15、A．reasonsB．limeC．freedomD．festivals16、A．threatensB．ruinsC．providesD．changes17、A．HoweverB．ThereforeC．BesidesD．Moreover18、A．closeB．toughC．specialD．strong19、A．stayB．touchC．satisfaction20、A．darkB．roundC．smallD．dirty其次节（1.515）1括号内单词的正确形式。27（15分Classrooms(change)littleinthepastfewcenturies.Studentsattendclass,takenotesanddotheirhomework.Theteacherlecturesandadministratorsatest.Studentsgettheirgradesandmoveontothenexttopic.Byandlarge,students2．(especial)themostdisadvantagedonesattendtheschoolorneartheirhome,regardlessofitsquality.Theseroutinesarestartingtochange.Inasmallbutgrowingnumberofschools,studentswatch4．(lecture)onlineandcometoclasspreparedtohandlehomeworkandworkwithteachersandclassmates.Theyinteractwithcomputerprogr