全新版大学英语综合教程第四册第四单元

Unit4GlobalizationBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReadingTextAInSearchofDavosMan

寻找达沃斯人.马云用手机扫码花38888元买走了今年双11的第一单，刚刚从日本运来的蓝鳍金枪鱼。10月19日，赵薇的酒庄在天猫旗舰店上线BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.GolbalizationBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Overmanycenturies,humansocietiesacrosstheglobehaveestablishedprogressivelyclosercontacts.Recently,thepaceofglobalintegrationhasdramaticallyincreased.Unprecedentedchangesincommunications,transportation,andcomputertechnologyhavegiventheprocessnewimpetusandmadetheworldmoreinterdependentthanever.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Multinationalcorporationsmanufactureproductsinmanycountriesandselltoconsumersaroundtheworld.Money,technologyandrawmaterialsmoveevermoreswiftlyacrossnationalborders.Alongwithproductsandfinances,ideasandculturescirculatemorefreely.Asaresult,laws,economies,andsocialmovementsareformingattheinternationallevel.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Now,let’senjoyavideoBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReadingBack.PartDivisionoftheTextMatchtheideasSentenceTranslation

BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.

PartDivisionoftheTextPartPara(s)MainIdeas11~324~5IntroductiontoDavosManandtheWorldEconomicForum.Debateovertheimpactofglobalizationoncurrentsocietyandculture.36~849~11GlobalizationversusnationalismandthechallengesitfacesHistoryofglobalizationanditsrecenttrendsandfutureprospects.BackBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.InPartIV,afurtherdivisioninthecampofDavosManisillustrated.Some,likePatrickSayer,arelesskeenontheglobalmarketthanothers,becausenationalbordersstillhinderglobaltrade.PartIVPara.9-11BackBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.AlsoinPartIII,thereisacontrastbetweenDavosManandManilaWoman.WhileDavosManmaydisregardnationalloyalty,ManilaWomanisfiercelypatriotic.PartIIIPara.6-8BackBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.InPartII,welearnthatProf.Huntington’sviewpointDiffersfromthatofCharlesSchwab.TheformerwarnsthatDavosManposesathreattoAmericanvalues,whereasthelatterarguesthatendorsingaglobaloutlookdoesnotmeanerasingnationalidentity.PartIIPara.4-5BackBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.PartIPara.1-3 FromPartI,weknowthatalthoughbothWilliamBrowderandAlexMandleareso-calledDavosMen,Theyaredifferent.Theformer,bornintheUS,gaveuphisUSpassporttobecomeaBritishcitizenbecausenationalidentitymakesnodifferenceforhim.Thelatter,althoughanAustralianbybirthandspendingofhisadultlifeoutsidetheUS,holdshisUscitizenshipdear.BackBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.MatchtheideasInthetext,therearemanynamesandideasmentioned.ScanandmatchtheideapresentedinColumnBwiththepersoninColumnA.Therearemorenameslisted.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.ColumnBA.Therearestilltoomanybarrierstocross-borderbusinessinEurope,letalonetheworld..Manilawomanarestronglypatriotic..Culturalidentityshouldbelocalandnationalinnature..U.S.andEuropeancompaniesarenowfacinghigh-quality,low-costcompetitionfromoverseas..IseemyselfasAmericanwithoutanyhesitation.ColumnA1.JohnChambers2.MarcoTronchettiProvera3.AlexMandl4.PatrickSayer5.KlausSchwab6.WilliamBrowder7.ValerieGoodingB

C

D

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BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.

TrueorFalsePeoplecallWilliamBrowderanAmerican,becausehewasborninPrinceton,NewJersey,grewupinChicago,andstudiedatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.FWilliamBrowderwasborninPrinceton,NewJersey,grewupinChicago,andstudiedatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.Butdon’tcallhimanAmerican.(

)T()2.Browderbelievesthatnationalidentitymakesnodifferenceforhim.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.3.AlexMandlisalsoaferventbelieveringlobalization.HeneverviewshimselfasanAmerican.FHeseeshimselfasAmericanwithouthesitation.(

)4.DavosmanrefertothemembersoftheinternationalbusinessélitewhotrekeachyeartotheSwissAlpinetownfortheannualmeetingoftheWorldEconomicForum.T(

)BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.6.ProfessorSamuelHuntingtondescribesDavosManasanemergingglobalsuperspeciesandathreat.5.AttheWorldEconomicForum,theissuesdiscussedincludeeverythingfrompost-electionIraqandHIVinAfricatotheglobalsupplyofoilandtheimplicationsofnanotechnology.T(

)T(

)BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.1.Didglobaltradeexistinthepast?Whatdidpeopledoingglobaltradethinkofitthen?Yes,globaltradehasbeenaroundforcenturies.Inthepast,thecorporationsandcountriesthatbenefitedfromglobaltradewerelargelycontenttotreatvastpartsoftheworldasplacestominenaturalresourcesorsellfinishedproducts.第六段BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.2.WhatisGoldmanSachs’（高盛集团）predictionabouttheworldeconomyinthefuture?P99第八段Hepredictedthatfoureconomies—Russia,Brazil,IndiaandChina—willbecomeamuchlargerforceintheworldeconomythanwidelyexpected,basedonprojectionsofdemographicandeconomicgrowth,withChinapotentiallyovertakingGermanythisdecade.By2050,thesefournewcomerswilllikelyhavedisplacedallbuttheU.S.andJapanfromthetopsixeconomiesintheworld.第八段BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.DavosManneedstofigureouthowtostrikeabalanceonaglobalscalebetweenbeinginternationalandbeingnationalatthesametime.3.WhodoesManilaWoman（马尼拉女人）referto?P99第九段Itreferstolow-paidmigrantworkersfromAsiaandelsewherewhoareincreasinglyprovidingkeyservicesaroundtheworld.UnlikeDavosMan,ManilaWomanisstronglypatriotic.第九段4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkDavosManneedtofigureout?第十一段BackBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.1.HuntingtonarguesthatDavosMan’sglobal-citizenself-imageisstarklyatoddswiththevaluesofmostAmericans,whoremaindeeplycommittedtotheirnation.亨廷顿提出，达沃斯人以全球公民自居的自我形象，与大多数美国人的价值观完全相悖。2. Iftheissueisthesizeofthetotalpie,globalizationhasprovedagoodthing.Iftheissueishowthepieisdivided,ifyou’reintheWesternworldyoucouldquestionthat.SentenceTranslation

如果问题涉及的是整个蛋糕的大小，那全球化已经被证明是件好事。如果问题在于蛋糕怎么分，而你又是西方人，那你就会质疑全球化。BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.3. Thequestioniswhetheritwilltakeanother140yearsforDavosMantofigureouthowtostrikethesamebalanceonaglobalscale.问题是，达沃斯人是否需要再花上140年，才能搞明白如何在全球规模上取得同样的平衡。4.他们都将国籍视为个人选择，而不是由出生地决定的。Bothseetheiridentityasamatterofpersonalchoice,notanaccidentofbirth.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.7.随着边界和对国家的认同变得越来越不重要，有些人将此视作威胁，甚至危险。5.欧洲跨国界经营中还有太多障碍，更别提全球经营了。Therearestilltoomanybarrierstocross-borderbusinessinEurope,letalonetheworld.6.这听上去也许像狭隘民族主义，但内中确大有学问。Thatmaysoundlikeanarrownationalism,yetitcontainsahiddenwisdom.Asbordersandnationalidentitiesbecomelessimportant,somefindthatthreateningandevendangerous.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReadingBack.globalization:

n.freeflowsofcapital,labor,technology,andpersonalcontactacrossnationalbordersSomeseethespreadofEnglishasaninternationallanguageasjustanotherconsequenceofglobalization.Thankstoglobalization,theburgeryoubuyinMoscowisexactlythesameastheoneyoubuyinNewYork.Globalizationissweepingasidenationalbordersandchangingrelationsbetweennations.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.sweepaside:clearawayorgetridofsuddenlyorforcefully;refusetopayattentionto他们对所有的反对意见不予理睬。Theysweptalltheobjectionsaside.Anyway,bythenshewassurethatJuliuswouldsimplyhavesweptanycurbsaside.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Collocation：扫清，迅速消灭sweepaway扫掉，清除sweepoutsweepover打扫干净，收拾干净sweepup眺望，环视BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.asset:n.1)moneyorpropertythatapersonorcompanyownsCopyrights,patents,trademarks,brandnames,andtradesecretsareallpartofacompany’sintangibleassets.目前，他们的资产有623万美元。Currently,theyhave$6,230,000inassets.2)anadvantageoraresourceThemostpowerfulassetwehaveisourskilled,dedicatedworkforce.Asenseofhumorisanimportantassetforanyteacher.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Nationalidentitymakesnodifferenceforme.(P1,L9)Whichsidewinsmakesnodifferencetohim.姚明的缺席似乎对休斯顿火箭队没有太大的影响。TheabsenceofYaoMingseemedtomakelittledifferencetotheperformanceoftheHoustonRockets.makeno/littledifference:haveno/littleeffect(on),beofno/littleimportance(to)BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.…MandlwhohasbeenaU.S.citizenfor45yearsstillidentifieshimselfasanAmerican.(P2,L7)identity:n.

身份，同一性，一致identify:v.确定，识别，认同identify…as:recognizeandcorrectlynamesomeoneorsth.Eg.HisaccentidentifiedhimasaFrenchman.Thepolicemanidentifiedhimasthethief.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.…membersoftheinternationalbusinessélitewhotrekeachyeartotheSwissAlpinetown…(P3,L4)élite:

n.agroupofpeoplewhohavealotofpowerandinfluencebecausetheyhavemoney,knowledge,orspecialskills这些人构成了有决定权的精英集团。Thesepeopleformanelitewhohavethepowertomakedecisions.Collocation:political/social/economicelite政治/社会/经济精英Onlyasmallelitecanaffordtosendtheirchildrentothisschool.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.…BrowderandMandlwilljoinmorethan2,200executives,politicians,academics,journalists,writersandahandfulofHollywoodstarsforfiveyears…(P3,L8)ahandfulof:averysmallnumberofpeopleorthingsThatplacewasoflittleinterest.Ionlytookahandfulofpictures.Whatcountsishavingahandfulofyoungthatareexceptional.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.earnest:

adj.markedbyorshowingdeepsincerityorseriousness你可以笑，但我绝对是认真的。Collocation:inearnest郑重地，严肃认真FriendsdescribedJacksonasanearnest,hard-workingyoungman.YoumaylaughbutI’mindeadlyearnest.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Whatevertheirconsiderabledifferences,mostDavsMenandWomenshareatleastonebelief…(P3,L14)considerable:adj.fairlylarge,especiallylargeenoughtohaveaneffectorbeimportantEg:Attractingtouriststotheareaisgoingtotakeconsiderableeffort.Eg:Aconsiderableamountofresearchwasdoneherebyoursciencedepartment.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.他们有资格享有许多优惠和特权。Inanessayentitled“DeadSoul:TheDenationalizationoftheAmricanElite,”(P4,L2)Theyareentitledtoenjoymanyadvantagesandprivileges.Full-timeemployeesareentitledtoreceivehealthinsurance.2)givesomeonetheofficialrighttodoorhavesth.ShewasreadingapoementitledARedRedRose.entitle:vt.1)giveatitleto

给…题名，给…取名BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.vanish:vi.disappearsuddenly,especiallyinawaythatcannotbeeasilyexplainedEg:Mykeyswerehereaminuteagobutnowthey’vevanished.Eg:Ilockeditupinthesafe.Itcouldn’thavevanishedintothinair!…havelittleneedfornationalloyalty,viewnationalboundariesasobstaclesthatthankfullyarevanishing…(P4,L9)BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.…andseenationalgovernmentsasresiduesfromthepastwhoseonlyusefulfunctionistofacilitatetheelite'sglobaloperations.(P4,L10)facilitate:

vt.

makeiteasierforaprocessoractivitytohappenBothcentersareelectronicallylinkedtofacilitatecommunication.学校都建在同一校区内，以便资源共享。SchoolswerelocatedinthesamecampustofacilitatethesharingofresourcesBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.HuntingtonarguesthatDavosMan’sglobal-citizenself-imageisstarklyatoddswiththevaluesofmostAmericans,whoremaindeeplycommittedtotheirnation.(P4,L12)小事，不要紧的东西atoddswith:inconflictwith;disagreeingorquarrellingwithThegovernmentdecisiontoraisetaxeswasatoddswiththeirpoliciesoninflation.Collocation：矛盾，不一致atodds没有关系，无关紧要itmakesnoodds占优势takeoddsoddsandendsBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Alotofmoneyhasbeencommittedtothisproject.中国承诺发展低碳经济。Chinaiscommittedtopursuingalowcarboneconomy.becommittedto:

promisetodo(sth.);bedevotedtoBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.…arguesthatendorsingaglobaloutlookdoesnotmeanerasingnationalidentity.(P5,L3)endorse:vt.

givesupportorapprovaltoThePrimeMinisterisunlikelytoendorsethisview.Collocation：赞成提议/想法/候选人endorseaproposal/anidea/acandidate背书支票endorseachequeBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.没有什么东西可以使他忘记那件事。他擦去了错误答案,写上了正确答案。erase:

vt.

removebyorasifbyrubbing,wipeoutTheirdreamistoerasepovertyandinjusticefromtheworld.Nothingcanerasetheincidentfromhismemory.Heerasedthewronganswerandwroteintherightone.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Evenastheglobalizationofcapitalacceleratedinthe1980s,mostforeigninvestmentwasbetween…(P6,L5)accelerate:

v.(causeto)movefasterorhappenearlier选手们跑过弯道时平稳地加速。Therunnersacceleratedsmoothlyroundthebend.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Howeverthepasttwodecadeshavewitnessedtheriseofothersignificantplayers.(P7,L1)Thewitnesswasaskedtoidentifythedefendantinthecourtroom.witness:

1.vt.bepresentandsee2.n.someonewhoseesacrimeoranaccidentandcandescribewhathappened20世纪80年代，电子传媒得到了空前的发展。The1980switnessedanunprecedentedincreaseinthescopeoftheelectronicmedia.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Alandmark2003studybyGoldmanSachspredictedthatfoureconomies…(P8,L1)landmark:n.1)sth.thatiseasytorecognize,suchasatalltreeorbuilding,andthathelpsyouknowwhereyouare这座塔曾是船只的陆标。Thetowerwasoncealandmarkforships.2)oneofthemostimportantevents,changes,ordiscoveriesthatinfluencessomeoneorsth.小孩的出世是所有相关人生活中一件大事。Thebirthofachildisanimportantlandmarkinthelivesofallconcerned.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading...withChinapotentiallyovertakingGermanythisdecade.(P8,L6)overtake(overtook,overtaken):1.v.gopastamovingvehicleorpersonbecauseyouaregoingfasterthanthemandwanttogetinfrontofthemTelevisionsoonovertookthecinemaasthemostpopularformofentertainment.2.vt.catchupwithorpassaftercatchingupwithBeforeyoustarttoovertake,makesuretheroadisclearaheadofyou.在工业产量方面德国迅速超过了英国。GermanyrapidlyovertookBritaininindustrialoutput.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.…shesays,they’renotambivalentaboutbeingstronglypatriotic.(P9,L10)patriotic:adj.feeling,orexpressing,inspiredbyloveofforone’scountryRelativesrememberedhimasadeeplypatrioticman.Thepresidentialcandidatesaidpayinghighertaxeswasapatrioticact.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.…andcomplainstherearestilltoomanybarrierstocross-borderbusinessinEurope,letalonetheworld.(P10,L4)letalone:

muchless;nottomention他连带领保龄球队的本事都没有，更别提领导国家了。Hewasincapableofleadingabowlingteam,letaloneacountry.Pattern:letsb/sth.be 别打扰，不干预letsth.drop/fall 无意中说出，不经意透露letsb./sth.go 放，释放BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.domestic:adj.oforinsideaparti