新编英语教程第三版第二册unit 3

新编英语教程第三版第二册unit3新编英语教程第三版第二册unit3新编英语教程第三版第二册unit3资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月新编英语教程第三版第二册unit3版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：Unit3ILead-inIILanguageStructuresModalauxiliaries1.would+perfectinfinitiveusedtoexpress“unfulfilledwish”e.g.Iwouldhavelikedtosignup,butIsprainedmyankle.2.should/oughtto+perfectinfinitiveusedtoexpress“unfulfilledobligation”needn’t+perfectinfinitiveexpressing“unnecessarypastactions”e.g.1)Sheshould/oughttohavehadmoreoralpracticeduringtheterm.2)Sheneedn’thavelearnedallthedialoguesbyheart.3.may/might+perfectinfinitiveusedtoexpress“speculationsaboutpastactions”can/couldnot+perfectinfinitiveusedtoexpress“negativedeductionaboutpastactions”e.g.1)Hemay/mighthavegonetothelibrary.2)Shecan’t/couldn’thavegonetothelibrary.4.must+perfectinfinitiveusedtoexpress“affirmativedeductionaboutpastactions”may/mightaswellusedwiththesecondpersonpronounexpressing“suggestions”e.g.1)Shemusthavegonetothelanguagelab.2)Youmay/mightaswellusemybike.PreparatoryQuestionsDirections:Recastthefollowingsentencesusingthefollowingphrases:1.“wouldhavelikedto(do)”Notice:wouldhavelikedto(do)isusedwiththefirstpersontoexpressthespeaker’swishthatwasnotfulfilled．1)IintendedtogoskatingwithyouyesterdaybutIcouldn’tbecausemymotherdidn’tletme.(Response:Iwouldhavelikedtogoskatingwithyouyesterday,butmymotherdidn’letme.)2)ImeanttositinonProfessorWang’sclassthismorningbutIdidn’tbecauseIhadanimportantmeetingtoattend.(Response:IwouldhavelikedtositinonProfessorWang’sclassthismorning,butIhadanimportantmeetingtoattend.)3)IintendedtotakepartinthebasketballmatchyesterdayafternoonbutIcouldn’tbecauseIhadabadfallyesterdaymorning.(Response:Iwouldhavelikedtotakepartinthebasketballmatchyesterdayafternoon,butIhadabadfallyesterdaymorning.)4)Iplannedtolendyoumycassetterecorder,butIdidn’t,becauseitwasoutoforder.(Response:Iwouldhavelikedtolendyoumycassetterecorder,butitwasoutoforder.)2.should/oughtto+perfectinfinitiveNotice:should/oughtto+perfectinfinitive,indicatingapastobligationthatwasnotfulfilled1)Theexhibitionwasagoodone.AllofusvisiteditexceptJohn.(Response::Johnshould/oughttohavecomewithus.)2)Wealllearnedalotfromthelecture,butLididn’tattendit.(Response::Lioughtto/shouldhaveattendedthelecture.)3)Theengineerwenttotheresearchinstitutewithoutanumbrellaandwascaughtintherain.(Response::Theengineeroughtto/shouldhavetakenanumbrellawithhim.)4)TheyboughtabookforMarybutshedidn’tlikeit.(Response::Theyoughtn’tto/shouldn’thaveboughtthebookforMary.)needn’t+perfectinfinitiveNotice:needn’t+perfectinfinitive,indicatingsomethingthatwasunnecessarilydoneinthepast1)Iwroteasummaryinmorethanfivehundredwords.Buttheteacheronlyaskedfor200words.(Response::Ineedn’thavewrittensuchalongsummary.)2)Linansweredallthetenquestionsinthetestpaper.Butwewereonlyrequiredtoanswereightofthem.(Response::Linneedn’thaveansweredallthetenquestionsinthetestpaper.)3)Marywenttothestationanhourbeforethetrainstarted.(Response::Maryneedn’thavegonetothestationsoearly.)4)Yaocarriedalltheparcelshomeherself.Shedidn’tknowtheywoulddeliverthemifsheaskedthem.)(Response::Yaoneedn’thavecarriedalltheparcelshomeherself.Theywouldhavedeliveredthemifshehadaskedthem.)may/might+perfectinfinitiveNotice:may/might+perfectinfinitive,indicatingspeculationsaboutpastactions1)WhereisSusanIwanttogotothecanteenwithher.(Response::Shemay/mighthavegonetherealready.)2)It’safortnightsinceSunwenttotheSouthandwehaven’tgotawordfromhim.Iwonderifhe’sforgottenusall.(Response::Hemay/mighthavebeenverybusywithhisworkthere.)3)Sidtoldmehe’dletmehavethelibrarybookafterhe’dfinishedwithit.It’saweeksincehesaidthatandhestillhasn’tgivenmethebook.(Response::Hemay/mighthavereturnedthebooktothelibrary.//Hemay/mightnothavefinishedreadingityet.)4)I’vebeenlookingformybicyclekeyforthreedays,andit’sstillnowheretobefound.(Response::Youmay/mighthavelostit.)can’t/couldn’t+perfectinfinitiveNotice:can’t/couldn’t+perfectinfinitive,indicatingnegativedeductionaboutpastactionsThefirstpartoftheresponsecanbegiventothestudentsasaprompt.1)WhereismytypewriterSomeonemusthavestolenitlastnight.(Response::Itwashereamomentago.Itcouldn’thavebeenstolenlastnight.)2)Keithoughttobeherenow.Perhapshe’slosthisway.(Response::ItoldhimhowtocomeandIevendrewhimamap.Hecan’thavelosthisway.)3)WhobroughttherefrigeratorupstairsPerhapsitwasTim.(Response::Tim’snotthatstrong.Hecouldn’thavebroughtitbyhimself.)4)Amanansweredthephone.Isupposeitwasherhusband.(Response::Butherhusbandhasn’tcomebackfromabroadyet.Itcouldn’thavebeenherhusband.)4.must+perfectinfinitiveNotice:must+perfectinfinitive,indicatingaffirmativedeductionaboutpastactions1)Thefilmhesawlastnightwaswonderful.(Response::Hemusthaveenjoyedseeingit.)2)Helookstired,doesn’the?(Response::Hemusthaveworkedhard./Hemusthavestayeduplatelastnight.)3)Thechildrenweremakingalotofnoiseuntilfiveminutesago.Nowitissoquiet.(Response::Thechildrenmusthavegoneaway.)4)Jameshascheckedallthefigurestwiceover,buthecan’tgetthecorrectanswer.(Response::Jamesmusthavemadeamistakesomewhere.)5.may/mightaswellNotice:may/mightaswell,usedwiththesecondpersonpronountoexpressthespeaker’ssuggestion(s)1)Iamsoexhaustedafterwork.(Response::Youmay/mightaswellgotosleep.)2)I’mnotfeelingwell.IthinkI’vegotacold.(Response::Beingsoweak,youmay/mightaswellseeadoctor.)3)ItistoohotforKarenandmetogoforapicnic.(Response::Whydon’tyouchangeittoanotherday

Youmay/mightaswellgotoamovietoday.)4)Nickwon’ttakeuptheadditionalwork.Hejustwantstodohispart.(Response::Youmay/mightaswellaskLucytodoit.Togetaheadonherjob,sheiswillingtotrynewthings.)DialoguePollutionControlListeningtotherecordingQuestionsonthedialogueWhyisLondonnolongeracityfulloffog?WhatisthecauseofairandwaterpollutioninthecitywhereAlives?Whatproblemsdocarbring?WhatshouldbedonetobringpollutioninChinacompletelyundercontrol?DoyouthinkthatenvironmentalpollutioninChinahasbeeneffectivelyreducedIfso,pleasecitesomefactsorexamples.C.LanguagePoints1.Itmustbeterriblelivingthere.—Livingtheremustbeterrible.Theintroductoryitisaformalsubject,whereasthe-ingparticiplelivingistherealsubject.Anotherexample,e.g.Itisgreatfunboatingonthelake.2.theCleanAirAct—ThiswastheresultoftherecommendationsmadebytheBeaverCommitteewhichwassetuptoinquireintothequestionofurbanpollutioninBritain.ThecommitteewassonamedbecauseitschairmanwasSirHughBeaver.3.enforcev.giveemphasisorstrengthtosth.加强；makesth.(alaw)obeyedoreffectivebyforce强迫服从，实施；forceorcausesth.tobedoneortohappen迫使（某事）发生e.g.1)Mikemustprovideenoughexamplestoenforcehisargument.2)Youhavenorighttoenforceyourownviewsonme.3)Thegovernmentisunabletoenforceitsownlawsandregulations.4.theThames／ｔｅｍｚ／isswarmingwithfish—theRiverThamesisfulloffishthatmoveaboutbusily.Thenamesofriversareprecededbythedefinitearticlethe,e.g.,theYangziRiver,theYellowRiver,theHudsonRiver,theRiverMississippi.e.g.1）Eachsummertheswimmingpoolswarmswithpeople.2)Thattownisalwaysswarmingwithtouristsfromallovertheworld.5.double:twiceasmuchorasmanyasusual;成双的，双重的，两倍的a.n.v.adoublebed/roomat/onthedouble迅速地，立即地；以跑步方式e.g.1)Thebosswillgivehimdoublepayforworkingovertime.2)Thedatehadadoublesignificance.3)You’dbetterbedoublecarefulwhencrossingthestreet.4)ThepopulationofJapandoublesthatofCanada.5)Thechildbirthrateinthatareahasdoubled.6.tormentn.extremesuffering,especiallymentalsuffering;apersonorthingthatcausesthis.痛苦，折磨v.e.g.1)Loveisasweettorment.2)Davidhasneversufferedthetormentofrejection.3)Theynevertormentthemselvesoreachotheroverimperfections.7.treatmentdevices—devicesusedtotreatsmoke,dust,andwaterpollution治理三废设备e.g.1)Thetelevisionreceiverisanelectronicdevice.2)Sendingadvertisingbyemailisveryeffectivemarketingdevice.3)Hisillnessismerelyadevicetoavoidseeinghisgirlfriend.8.residentiala.containingorsuitableforprivatehouses;connectedwithorbasedonresidence住宅的，与居住有关的e.g.1)Graduallythesurroundingfarmlandturnedintoresidentialareas.2)Itisaniceresidentialsection,equippedwithmodernconveniences.residenta.居住的；n.居民，居住者residencen.居住，住宅residev.居住，定居9.irritatev.makeab.angry,annoyedorimpatient激怒，使烦躁；causediscomfortto(apartofbody)使不舒服，刺激e.g.1)Ourfaultsirritateusmostwhenweseetheminothers.2)Hereffusivemannerofgreetingherfriendsfinallybegantoirritatethem.3)Thesetightshoesirritatemytoes.10.moreandmorepeoplehavecometoknowhowharmful...—moreandmorepeoplebegintoknowhowharmful...Theinfinitiveaftertheverbcomeexpressesanactionthattakesplacegraduallyoversometime.e.g.AfterworkingwithMrs.Brown,whoappearedquitehard-hearted,inthesameofficeformanyyears,I’vecometoseethatshehasaheartofgold.11.makestricterlawstothateffect—makestricterlawswiththeintentiontoforbidcarhornsblowinginthestreets.ThewordeffectreferstowhatBsaysintheprecedingline“it’sagainstthelawtoblowcarhornsinanystreetintown.”tothateffect:usedtoshowthatyou’regivingthegeneralmeaningofwhatsb.hassaidorwrittenratherthanteexactwords表示那个/这个意思，大意如此e.g.1）Hesaidhewasgreatlyworried,orwordstothateffect.2)MarysaidshehatedtoseeJohn,orhearofthewordstothateffect.tothis/theeffect大意是说togood/great/dramaticeffect产生好的结果tonoeffect无效果，不起作用ExpressionsinFocus1.“doawaywith...”—terminate,getridof;abolishsth.e.g.e.g.1)Whynotdoawaywithallthejunkinyourroom

Itisgettingmoreandmoreuntidy!

2)Howcouldtheydoawaywithalovelyoldbuildinglikethatandputacarparkthereinstead?3)Theseridiculousrulesandregulationsshouldhavebeendoneawaywithyearsago.2.“addto…”—increaseorhaveanincreasedeffect;“addsth.tosth.”—putsth.togetherwithsth.elsesoastoincreasee.g.e.g.1)Hiswordsdidnothingbutaddedtomyanger.2)Thebadweatheronlyaddedtoourdifficulties.3)Teachersshouldexercisetheirimaginationandaddarttotheirteaching.3.“bring…undercontrol”—subdueormastersth.e.g.1)Tobringthenoisychildrenundercontrol,theteacherstoldthemthestoryof“BuzzyBees”.2)Hundredsoffiremenhavebroughtawildfirespreadoverninesquarekilometersoflandundercontrolafterbattlingtoputouttheflamesfortwodays.3)ThePrimeMinistersaidyesterdaythatthegovernmentismakingalleffortstobringthehighinflationundercontrol.D.RetellingSampleoutlineforretellingB,astudentfromEngland,istalkingtoAaboutthepollutionproblem.1.BtellsAaboutLondonatpresent:thestepsthathavebeentakenbythegovernmentandthechangethathastakenplace.2.AandBtalkaboutthepollutionprobleminChina:1)airpollutioninfactoryzones;2)noisepollutionincitystreets;3)AtellsBthattheChinesegovernmenthastakensomemeasurestocontrolpollution.ReadingIEnvironmentPollutionA.Pre-ReadingActivityTheenvironmentalpollutiononourplanethascausedundesirablechangeandharmfullyaffectedhealth,survivalandactivitiesofhumansandotherlivingorganisms.Now,pleasethinkaboutthefollowingquestionsbeforeyoureadthetext.Whatarethemajorcausesofenvironmentalpollution?Sample:DevelopmentofindustryandUrbanization.IstheplacewhereyoulivepollutedorevenseriouslypollutedIfso,describetoyourpartner.3.Whatcanwedotoreduceenvironmentalpollution?

Sample:Weshouldcurbthesewageandsmokefromfactories,performgarbageclassificationandrecyclewastes.B.BackgroundNotesParticlePollution(PM10)and(PM2.5)1.Particle(n.颗粒，微粒；微量，极小量)pollution(alsoknownas"particulate<n.微粒，颗粒，粒子>matter")intheairincludesamixtureofsolidsandliquiddroplets（液体的小滴）.Someparticlesareemitteddirectly;othersareformedintheatmospherewhenotherpollutantsreact.Particlescomeinawiderangeofsizes.Thoselessthan10micrometersindiameter直径(PM10)aresosmallthattheycangetintothelungs,potentiallycausingserioushealthproblems.Tenmicrometersissmallerthanthewidthofasinglehumanhair.Fineparticles(PM2.5).Particleslessthan2.5micrometersindiameterarecalled"fine"particles.Theseparticlesaresosmalltheycanbedetectedonlywithanelectronmicroscope.Sourcesoffineparticlesincludealltypesofcombustion,includingmotorvehicles,powerplants,residentialwoodburning,forestfires,agriculturalburning,andsomeindustrialprocesses.Coarse（粗糙的，粗鲁的；粗野的，粗俗的）dustparticles.Particlesbetween2.5and10micrometersindiameterarereferredtoas"coarse."Sourcesofcoarseparticlesincludecrushingorgrindingoperations,andduststirredupbyvehiclestravelingonroads.2.fogandhaze雾霾Fogandhazedifferinthatfogisathick,opaque（不透明的，晦涩的；难以理解的）effectthatlastsashorttime,whilehazeisathin,translucent(a.半透明的)effectthatlastsalongtime.FogWhethercreatedbynatureormachine,fogconsistsofliquiddropletssuspended（v.使悬浮；悬，挂；停止，终止；延缓，暂缓执行）intheair.Fogmachinescreatefogbyvaporizing（v.使蒸化，使汽发；吹牛，吹嘘）fogfluid–thatis,theyconvertthefogfluidfromaliquidformtoanaerosol（n.悬浮微粒，浮质；烟雾机，气雾剂）form.HazeLikefog,hazeconsistsofliquiddroplets,butthedropsareveryfineandaredistributedevenlyoveralargeareatoformamist.QuestionsonP35.LanguagePoints1.surroundings—theconditions,scenery,etc.aroundaperson,placeorthing;environment.Theword“surrounding”,however,isgenerallyusedasanadjective.e.g.Theymakeregularchecksonthesurroundingareasforpollutionlevels.2.Theadjective“dirty”andthenoun“poison”areusedasverbshere,whichrespectivelymean“tomake…dirty”and“toputpoisonin”or“tocausepoisoning”.3.pesticiden.chemicalsubstanceusedtokillpests,esp.insectse.g.1)Thebiotechnologycompanyisdevelopingarangeofnewpesticide.2)Theinsectshavebecomeresistanttothepesticide.4.ruinv.n.severedamageordestruction毁灭，破坏；废墟e.g.1)Themostgloriouscityatthetimewasburneddowntobefieryruins.2)WhomGodwouldruin,hefirstdeprivesofreason.3)Oneindiscreetremarkatthewrongmomentcouldruinthewholeplan.若时机不当，一言不慎，可能毁掉整个计划。5.junk—thingsthatareconsideredasuselessoroflittlevalue.Doyouknowwhatjunkshop,junkmailandjunkfoodmean

Canyoutellthedifferencebetweenjunkandlitter6.scatterv.throwordropthingsindifferentdirectionssothattheycoveranareaofground;moveormakepeopleoranimalsmoveveryquicklyindifferentdirections.使分散，散播e.g.1)Lilythinkslovewillscatterherconcentrationonwork,soshepayszeropercenttoit.2)Thebirdsscatteratthesoundofthegun..7.thepollutionproblemisascomplicatedasitisserious—thepollutionproblemisserious,itiscomplicatedaswell8.exhaust—wastefumes,gases,steam,etcexpelledfromanengineoramachine.9.lessen—reduceor(makesomething)becomeless.Thesuffix“-en”canbeaddedtoanadjectiveoranounandthusformanewverb,forexample,worsen,strengthen,darkenect.“en-”canalsobeaddedbeforeanounasaprefixandformanewverb,forexample,enforce,encourage,enrichetc.e.g.1)Keepingabalanceddietcansignificantlylessentheriskofheartdisease.2)Listeningtothespeechthroughaninterpreterlesseneditsimpactsomewhat.less+en=lessensharp+en=sharpensoft+en=softendeep+en=deepen10.topersuadebusinessestotakeactiontowardreducingpollution—Theprepositiontowardheremeans“forthepurposeof”;he1700sand1800s—Duringthe1700s,theIndustrialRevolutionbeganinGreatBritain.ItstartedspreadingtootherpartsofEuropeandtoNorthAmericaintheearly1800s.TheIndustrialRevolutioncreatedanenormousincreaseintheproductionofmanykindsofgoods,whichresultedfromtheintroductionofpower-drivenmachineryandthedevelopmentoffactoryorganization.12.steadilyad.atasteadyrateorpace;inasteadymannere.g.1)Ihadtolevelthetable’slegstomakeitsteady.2)Thegirlhadmadeaseriousdecisiononherownaboutgivingupasteadyjob.3)Mybrotherwassteadyfellow,endv.haveaplan,resultorpurposeinyourmindwhenyoudosth.;planthatsth.shouldhaveaparticularmeaning.e.g.1)Thechairwasintendedforyou,butmysistertookitaway.2)Iintendedtocatchtheearlytrain,butIdidn’tarriveatthestationintime.14.fosterv.helpthegrow