2017五年制医学英语中日联医院心脏外科

MedicalChapterThe吉林大 联医院心脏外科林柏Basic 1987-1992医学本科（毕业后留科 1995-1998医 2000-2003医学 2004-2008李玉林教授博士 导Basic 2006.1-2007.7国家公派德国心脏 2010.09教授 医 克拉拉邦总医院心脏2013.05心脏外科2013.09吉林 咨询专 CompanyEmbassyofPeople'sRepublicofChinainGermanyChanrongTruewisdomconsistsnotonlyinseeingwhatisbeforeyoureyes,butinforeseeingwhatistocome.Terence,Aldelphi,(ActIII,Scene泰伦斯，《阿德菲》，（第三幕，第三场BloodPressureThePrinciplesBloodpressurecanbemeasureddirectlyanintra-arterial[,intrəɑ:'tiəriəl]catheter['kæθɪtɚ]orindirectlywithasphygmomanometer[,sfɪgmomə'nɑmətɝ].Thesphygmomanometerconsistsofaninflatable[ɪn'fletəbl]rubberbladderwithinaclothcover,arubberbulb橡皮toinflatethebladder,andamanometer[mə'nɑmətɚ]tomeasurethepressureinthebladder.BloodPressure

英[ə'sesmənt]美 英['prɪnsəplz]美['prɪnsəplz] 原则；法则；信念（principle的复数）；本源v.向…灌intra- [,intrəɑ:'tiəriəl]n 英['kæθɪtə]美 n.[医sphygmomanometer美 n.[内科]血压sphygmous脉搏的sphygmo-BloodPressure [ɪn'fleɪtəb(ə)l][ɪn'fletəbl] 英['rʌbə]美['rʌbɚ]n.橡胶；橡皮；合 师adj.橡胶制成的vt.涂橡胶于；用橡胶制造vi.扭转脖子看；好奇地引颈而望n.(Rubber)人名； [bʌlb][bʌlb]n物vi 英[ɪn'fleɪt]美[ɪn'flet] vt.使充气；使通货膨胀vi.膨胀；充气 [mə'nɒmɪtə]n压力计；[流BloodPressureThePrinciplesBloodpressurecanbemeasureddirectlyanintra-arterial[,intrəɑ:'tiəriəl]catheter['kæθɪtɚ]orindirectlywithasphygmomanometer[,sfɪgmomə'nɑmətɝ].Thesphygmomanometerconsistsofaninflatable[ɪn'fletəbl]rubberbladderwithinaclothcover,arubberbulb橡皮toinflatethebladder,andamanometer[mə'nɑmətɚ]tomeasurethepressureinthebladder.BloodPressureIndirectmeasurement['mɛʒɚmənt]ofbloodpressureinvolves[ɪn'vɑlv]theauscultatory[ɔ:'skʌltətəridetection[dɪ'tɛkʃən]oftheappearanceanddisappearanceoftheKorotkoffsounds柯氏音overthecompressed[kəm'prɛst]artery.Korotkoffarelow-pitched['ləu'pitʃt]originating[ə'ridʒineitiŋ]inthevesselthatarerelatedtoturbulence['tɝbjələns]producedbypartially['pɑrʃəli]occludinganarterywithabloodpressurecuff.BloodPressure [ɔ:'skʌltətəriadjauscultatorygapdetection英[dɪ'tekʃ(ə)n]美 n.KorotkoffSounds低沈的冲击compressed[kəm'prest][kəm'prɛst]j 英 adj.低调的；低沉的 ['tɜːbjʊl(ə)ns] ；[流BloodPressure BloodPressure 学者柯洛特柯夫(Korotokoff)发现，用臂带绑扎1905年， BloodPressureIndirectmeasurement['mɛʒɚmənt]ofbloodpressureinvolves[ɪn'vɑlv]theauscultatory[ɔ:'skʌltətəridetection[dɪ'tɛkʃən]oftheappearanceanddisappearanceoftheKorotkoffsounds柯氏音overthecompressed[kəm'prɛst]artery.Korotkoffarelow-pitched['ləu'pitʃt]originating[ə'ridʒineitiŋ]inthevesselthatarerelatedtoturbulence['tɝbjələns]producedbypartially['pɑrʃəli]occludinganarterywithabloodpressurecuff.BloodPressureSeveralphases['feɪsiːz]occursequence['sikwəns]astheoccludingpressuredrops压力下降.Phase1occurswhentheoccludingpressurefallstothesystolic[sɪs'tɑlɪk]bloodpressure.Thetap [tæpɪŋ]soundsareclearandgraduallyincreaseinintensityastheoccludingpressurefalls.Phase2occursatapressureabout10to15mmHglowerthanthatinphase1andconsistsoftap followedbymurmurs.BloodPressurephase英[feɪz]美 n.相；阶段；[天]位相vt.使定相逐步执行vi逐步前 [ə'kluːd][ə'klud]vt.使闭塞；封闭；挡住咬sequence英['siːkw(ə)ns]美['sikwəns] n.[数][计]序列；顺序；续发事件vt.按顺序排好insequence依次，逐 英[sɪ'stɒlɪk]美 adj.心脏收缩 n冶出钢；开孔；出渣；轻敲v轻 abbr毫米柱（millimetre（s）ofmercury 单位 ['mɝkjəri]n.[化] BloodPressureSeveralphases['feɪsiːz]occursequence['sikwəns]astheoccludingpressuredrops压力下降.Phase1occurswhentheoccludingpressurefallstothesystolic[sɪs'tɑlɪk]bloodpressure.Thetap [tæpɪŋ]soundsareclearandgraduallyincreaseinintensityastheoccludingpressurefalls.Phase2occursatapressureabout10to15mmHglowerthanthatinphase1andconsistsoftap followedbymurmurs.BloodPressurePhase3occurswhentheoccludingpressurefallsenoughtoallowalargeamountofvolumetocrossthepartiallyoccludedartery.Thesoundsaresimilartothesoundsofphase2,exceptthatonlythetap soundsareheard.Phase4istheabrupt[ə'brʌpt]muffling['mʌfliŋ]anddecreasedintensityofthesoundsasthepressureapproaches[ə'protʃ]thediastolic[,daɪəs'tɑlɪk]bloodpressure.Phase5isthecompletedisappearance[,dɪsə'pɪrəns]ofthesounds.Thevesselisnolongercompressedbytheoccludingcuff.Turbulent['tɝbjələnt]flowisnolongerpresent.BloodPressure 英[ə'brʌpt]美 adj.生硬的；突然的；突的；陡峭 v消声（muffle的ing形式 英['mʌf(ə)l]美['mʌfl] vt.蒙住；裹住；抑制；发 n.低沉 英[ə'prəʊtʃ]美 n.方法；途径；接vt.接近；着手处理vi靠 英[,daɪə'stɒlɪk]美 adj.心脏舒的；不turbulent

英[dɪsə'pɪərəns]美 [流湍流；[流紊turbulent英['tɜːbjʊl(ə)nt]美 的的；狂暴的；吵闹的；激流的，湍流BloodPressurePhase3occurswhentheoccludingpressurefallsenoughtoallowalargeamountofvolumetocrossthepartiallyoccludedartery.Thesoundsaresimilartothesoundsofphase2,exceptthatonlythetap soundsareheard.Phase4istheabrupt[ə'brʌpt]muffling['mʌfliŋ]anddecreasedintensityofthesoundsasthepressureapproaches[ə'protʃ]thediastolic[,daɪəs'tɑlɪk]bloodpressure.Phase5isthecompletedisappearance[,dɪsə'pɪrəns]ofthesounds.Thevesselisnolongercompressedbytheoccludingcuff.Turbulent['tɝbjələnt]flowisnolongerpresent.BloodPressureThenormalbloodpressureforadults['ædʌlt]isupto140mmHgsystolicandupto85mmHgdiastolic.Forthediastolicbloodpressurereading,thepointofdisappearanceoftheKorotkoffsoundsisprobablymoreaccurate['ækjərət]thanthepointofmuffling['mʌfliŋ].However,ifthepointofdisappearanceismorethan10mmHglowerthanthepointofmuffling,thepointofmufflingisprobablymoreaccurate.BloodPressure 英['ædʌlt;ə'dʌlt]美['ædʌlt]adj.成年 n.成年人的

['ækjʊrət]['ækjərət]adjv消声（muffle的ing形式BloodPressureThenormalbloodpressureforadults['ædʌlt]isupto140mmHgsystolicandupto85mmHgdiastolic.Forthediastolicbloodpressurereading,thepointofdisappearanceoftheKorotkoffsoundsisprobablymoreaccurate['ækjərət]thanthepointofmuffling['mʌfliŋ].However,ifthepointofdisappearanceismorethan10mmHglowerthanthepointofmuffling,thepointofmufflingisprobablymoreaccurate.BloodPressureRecordingboththepointofmufflinganddisappearancefrequently['frikwəntli]helpsincommunication[kə,mjunɪ'keʃən].Abloodpressuremightberecordedas125/75-65:thesystolicbloodpressureis125;thepointofmufflingis75;thepointofdisappearanceis65(thediastolicbloodpressure).BloodPressure dv.频繁地，经常地；时常，屡次

['frikwəntli] [kəmjuːnɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n]mjunɪ'keʃən]n.通讯，[通信BloodPressureRecordingboththepointofmufflinganddisappearancefrequently['frikwəntli]helpsincommunication[kə,mjunɪ'keʃən].Abloodpressuremightberecordedas125/75-65:thesystolicbloodpressureis125;thepointofmufflingis75;thepointofdisappearanceis65(thediastolicbloodpressure).BloodPressureBloodpressureshouldberecordedonlytothenearest5mmHgbecausethereisa±3mmHglimitofaccuracyforallsphygmomanometers[,sfɪgmomə'nɑmətɝ].Inaddition,normalbloodpressurechangesoccurfrommomenttomoment,andmeasuringtolessthan5mmHgprovidesafalse[fɔls]sense[sɛns]ofaccuracy['ækjərəsi].BloodPressurefalse[fɔːlsfɒls]的 的

adj 英[sens]美 n.感觉，官能；观念道理；理智vtaccuracy英['ækjʊrəsɪ]美 n.[数BloodPressureBloodpressureshouldberecordedonlytothenearest5mmHgbecausethereisa±3mmHglimitofaccuracyforallsphygmomanometers[,sfɪgmomə'nɑmətɝ].Inaddition,normalbloodpressurechangesoccurfrommomenttomoment,andmeasuringtolessthan5mmHgprovidesafalse[fɔls]sense[sɛns]ofaccuracy['ækjərəsi].BloodPressureThesizeofthecuffisimportantfortheaccuratedetermination[dɪ,tɝmɪ'neʃən]ofbloodpressure.Itis mended[,rɛkə'mɛnd]thatthecuff[kʌf]besnugly['snʌgli]applied[ə'plaɪd]aroundthearm,withitslowestedge1inchabovetheantecubital[,ænti'kju:bitəl]fossa['fɒsə].Thecuffshouldbeapproxima [ə'prɑksɪmətli]20%widerthanthediameteroftheextremity[ɪk'strɛməti].Thebladdershouldoverlie['ovɚ'lai]theartery.Theuseofacuffthatistoosmallforalargearmresultsinanerroneously[i'rəuniəsli]highreadingofbloodBloodPressure [dɪ,tɜːmɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n] n. [,rɛkə'mɛndadj的v.推荐，介绍；建议 it mendedthat有人推荐

adv.[ə'plaɪd][ə'plaɪd]adj实用的v应用；实施（apply的过去分词）；

[,ænti'kju:bitəladj解剖n解剖BloodPressure adv.大约，近似地；近于 [ɪk'stremɪtɪ

][ɪk'strɛməti]n.；绝境；非常；手足overlie[əʊvə'laɪ]['ovɚ'lai]vt躺在…上erroneously[i'rəuniəsli]adv.BloodPressureThesizeofthecuffisimportantfortheaccuratedetermination[dɪ,tɝmɪ'neʃən]ofbloodpressure.Itis mended[,rɛkə'mɛnd]thatthecuff[kʌf]besnugly['snʌgli]applied[ə'plaɪd]aroundthearm,withitslowestedge1inchabovetheantecubital[,ænti'kju:bitəl]fossa['fɒsə].Thecuffshouldbeapproxima [ə'prɑksɪmətli]20%widerthanthediameteroftheextremity[ɪk'strɛməti].Thebladdershouldoverlie['ovɚ'lai]theartery.Theuseofacuffthatistoosmallforalargearmresultsinanerroneously[i'rəuniəsli]highreadingofbloodBloodPressureAnothercauseofelevated['elɪveɪtɪd]bloodpressurereadingsislackofsupportofthepatient’sarm.Toobtainanaccuratemeasurement,thecuffmustbeatheartlevel.Ifthearmisnotsupported,thepatientisperformingisometricexercise,whichraisestherecordedpressure.BloodPressurefalsely['fɔ:lsliadv.elevated['elɪveɪtɪd]['ɛlɪvetɪd]adj.提高的；高尚的；严肃的；欢欣的v提高；抬起；振奋；提拔（elevate的过去分词）n.高架铁路isometric[aɪsə(ʊ)'metrɪk]adj数等距的；等角的；等轴的；等体积的n等isometricexerciseBloodPressureAnothercauseofelevated['elɪveɪtɪd]bloodpressurereadingsislackofsupportofthepatient’sarm.Toobtainanaccuratemeasurement,thecuffmustbeatheartlevel.Ifthearmisnotsupported,thepatientisperformingisometricexercise,whichraisestherecordedpressure.BloodPressureIncontrast,excessive[ɪk'sesɪv;]pressureonthediaphragm['daɪə'fræm]ofthestethoscope['stɛθəskop]producesaspuriously['spjʊrɪəsli]lowerreadingofthediastolicbloodpressurewithoutanysignificant[sɪɡ'nɪfɪkənt]alteration[,ɔltə'reʃən]ofsystolicpressure.Ifthearmisheldcorrectly,noskinindentations[,ɔltə'reʃən]shouldoccur.BloodPressure [ɪk'sesɪv;ek-][ɪk'sesɪvexcessivepressure ['daɪəfræm]['daɪə'fræm]隔膜；快门，[摄stethoscope['steθəskəʊp]['stɛθəskop]vt.用听诊器诊断n.[临床]听诊器 significant[sɪg'nɪfɪk(ə)nt][sɪɡ'nɪfɪkənt]adj.重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的n.象征；有意义的事物 [ɔːltə'reɪʃ(ə)n]美 n.修改，改变；变BloodPressureIncontrast,excessive[ɪk'sesɪv;]pressureonthediaphragm['daɪə'fræm]ofthestethoscope['stɛθəskop]producesaspuriously['spjʊrɪəsli]lowerreadingofthediastolicbloodpressurewithoutanysignificant[sɪɡ'nɪfɪkənt]alteration[,ɔltə'reʃən]ofsystolicpressure.Ifthearmisheldcorrectly,noskinindentations[,ɔltə'reʃən]shouldoccur.BloodPressureTheauscultatory[ɔ:'skʌltətəri]gapisthesilencethatoccursbetweenthedisappearanceoftheKorotkoffsoundsaftertheinitialappearanceandtheirreappearanceatalowerpressure.Theauscultatorygapispresentwhenthereisadecreasedbloodflowtotheextremities[ɪk'strɛməti],asisfoundinhypertensionandinaortic[e'ɔrtɪk]stenosis[stɪ'nosɪs].Itsclinicalimportanceliesthefactthatthesystolicbloodpressuremaybemistakenforthelowerbloodpressure,thepointofreappearance.BloodPressure [ɔ:'skʌltətəri]adjauscultatoryaortic

美 adj.大动脉 [stɪ'nəʊsɪs][stɪ'nosɪs]n（官）[病理 BloodPressureTheauscultatory[ɔ:'skʌltətəri]gapisthesilencethatoccursbetweenthedisappearanceoftheKorotkoffsoundsaftertheinitialappearanceandtheirreappearanceatalowerpressure.Theauscultatorygapispresentwhenthereisadecreasedbloodflowtotheextremities[ɪk'strɛməti],asisfoundinhypertensionandinaortic[e'ɔrtɪk]stenosis[stɪ'nosɪs].Itsclinicalimportanceliesthefactthatthesystolicbloodpressuremaybemistakenforthelowerbloodpressure,thepointofreappearance.BloodPressureDetermineBloodPressurebyPalpationBloodpressureassessmentisperformedwiththepatientlyingcomfortablyinthesupine['supaɪn]position.Thecuffbladderiscentered['sɛntɚd]overtherightbrachial['brekɪəl]artery.Ifthearmisobese[ə(ʊ)'biːs],alargeadultorthigh[θaɪ]cuffshouldbeused.Thearmshouldbeslightly['slaɪtli]flexed[flɛksd],anditshouldbesupportedatapproxima y[ə'prɑksɪmətli]theleveloftheheart.BloodPressure [pæl'pet]n触诊；扪 英['s(j)uːpaɪn]美['supaɪn] ['sɛntɚd]adj居中的；有圆心的v居中（center的过去式和过去分词形式 ['breɪkɪəl]['brekɪəl]adj臂的，臂状 [ə(ʊ)'biːs][o'bis]adj肥胖的，过胖 [θaɪ][θaɪn大腿， 英['slaɪtlɪ]美 adv.些微地，轻微地；细 [fleks][flɛks]vt.折曲；使收缩vi弯曲；收缩屈曲；电线；松紧带adj.弹性工作制 英[ə'prɒksɪmətlɪ]美 dv.大约，近似地；近BloodPressureDetermineBloodPressurebyPalpationBloodpressureassessmentisperformedwiththepatientlyingcomfortablyinthesupine['supaɪn]position.Thecuffbladderiscentered['sɛntɚd]overtherightbrachial['brekɪəl]artery.Ifthearmisobese[ə(ʊ)'biːs],alargeadultorthigh[θaɪ]cuffshouldbeused.Thearmshouldbeslightly['slaɪtli]flexed[flɛksd],anditshouldbesupportedatapproxima y[ə'prɑksɪmətli]theleveloftheheart.BloodPressureTodeterminethesystolicbloodpressure y['ædikwitli]andtoexcludeanerrorasaresultofanauscultatorygap,bloodpressureisfirstassessed[ə'sest]bypalpation.Inthispr