人教版-八年级上册第一单元英语知识点

人教版-八年级上册第一单元英语知识点人教版-八年级上册第一单元英语知识点人教版-八年级上册第一单元英语知识点资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月人教版-八年级上册第一单元英语知识点版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?词组stayathome待在家里goonvacation去度假gotothemountains去爬山gotothebeach去海滩visitmuseums参观博物馆quiteafew相当多gotosummercamp去参观夏令营studyfor为……而学习goout出去mostofthetime大部分时间tastegood尝起来很好吃ofcourse当然haveagoodtime玩得高兴goshopping去购物feellike给…的感觉；感受到inthepast在过去walkaround四处走走becauseof因为onebowlof…一碗……thenextday第二天drinktea喝茶findout找出；查明goon继续takephotos照相somethingimportant重要的事upanddown上上下下comeup出来buysth.forsb./buysb.sth.为某人买某物taste+adj.尝起来……look+adj.看起来……nothing…but+动词原形除了……之外什么都没有seem+（tobe）+adj.看起来……arrivein+大地点/arriveat+小地点到达某地decidetodosth.决定去做某事trydoingsth.尝试做某事/trytodosth.尽力去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事/forgettodosth.忘记去做某事enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事wanttodosth.想去做某事startdoingsth.开始做某事stopdoingsth.停止正在做的某事dislikedoingsth.不喜欢做某事keepdoingsth.继续做某事Whynotdo.sth.为什么不做……呢

so+adj.+that+从句如此……以至于……tellsb.(not)todosth.告诉某人（不要）做某事词语辨析：他anywhere在任何地方，常用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。Ican’tfinditanywhere.somewhere在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。Ilostmykeysomewherenearhere.Eg:Are

you

going

__________

tonight?

I

think

you

can

find

your

girlfriend

__________.2.seem+形容词看起来…..Youseemhappytoday.seem+todosth.似乎、好像做某事IseemtohaveacoldItseems/seemed+从句看起来好像…；似乎….Itseemsthatnoonebelieveyou.seemlike….好像，似乎…..Itseemslikeagoodidea.3.decidetodosth.决定做某事Theydecidetovisitthemuseum.decide+疑问词+动词不定式Hecannotdecidewhentoleave.4.startdoingsth=starttodosth.开始，可与begin互换。Hestarteddoinghishomework.但以下几种情况不能用begin.创办，开办：Hestartedanewbookshoplastmonth.机器开动：Ican’tstartmycar.出发，动身：Iwillstarttomorrowmorning.5.over介词，多于，超过，在…以上（表示数目、程度）=morethanMyfatherisover40yearsold.在…之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与under相反。Thereisamapovertheblackboard.超过：Ihearthenewsovertheradio.遍及：Iwanttotravelallovertheworld.6.toomany太多，后接可数名词复数：Motherboughttoomanyeggsyesterday.toomuch太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。Wehavetoomuchworktodo.Don’ttalktoomuch.muchtoo太，修饰形容词或副词。Thehatismuchtoobigforme.You’rewalkingmuchtoofast.分辨三者的口诀：toomuch,muchtoo,用法区别看后头：much后接不可数，too后修饰形或副。toomany要记住，后面名词必复数。7.

a

few

/

few

/

a

little

/

little

a

few

(少数的，几个，一些)

a

little

(一点儿，少量)

表示肯定

few

(很少的，几乎没有的)

little

(很少的，几乎没有的)表示否定

修饰可数名词

修饰不可数名词

8.Hecan’ttakeawalkbecauseoftherain.because连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。Idon’tbuytheshirtbecauseitwastooexpensive.9.none指人或物，强调数量，用how

many提问，常与of连用。

no

one

多指人，强调“无人”这种状态，用who提问，不可与of连用，作主语时，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

语法

1.一般过去时

1）

一般过去时的含义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

2）

标志时间：yesterday,

last

night/week/month/year,

three

days

ago等过去时间的词。

3）

动词过去式的变化规则：

构成规则原形过去式一般在动词原形末尾加-edworkplayworkedplayed结尾是e的动词加-dhopelivehopedlived末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edstoptripstoppedtripped结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-edstudyworrystudiedworried写出下列动词的过去式go_______________stop___________________visit_____________study____________do__________ride____________take_____________drive__________arrive___________walk______________________sleep___________keep___________get___________用下列括号中词的正确形式填空1.I_________(like)orangeswhenIwasyoung(年轻的).ButnowI__________(notlike)them.2.Mymotheroften____________(stay)athomeonSundays,butlastSundayshe_________(notstay)athome,she_________(go)tothepark.3.WeiHua__________(have)abusydayyesterday.4.He___________(visit)theGreatWall（长城）lastyear.5.We____________(have)agoodtimeyesterday.6.Weoften__________(go)toschoolbybuslastyear.7.I__________(live)inthevillagewhenIwasachild.9.Mike__________(see)abigtigerintheparklastyear.10.Sam___________(do)thehouseworkyesterday.11.________(do)you_________(enjoy)yourselfyesterday?12.________(do)you__________(play)theviolinintheartroomyesterday?No,Ididn't.I___________(draw)somepicturesthere.4)

句型

（1）含实义动词

肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其它.

Tom

lived

in

the

US

two

years

ago.

否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形+其它.Tom

didn’t

live

in

the

US

two

years

ago.

一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？

.DidyougotothebeachlastSaturday肯定回答：Yes,

主语

did.

Yes,

Idid.

否定回答：No,

主语

didn’t.

No,

Ididn’t.

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?

Where

did

Tom

live

in

the

US

two

years

ago?

5）

含be动词

肯定句：主语+

was/were+其它.

He

was

a

primary

school

student

last

year.

否定句：主语+wasn’t/

weren’t+

其它。He

wasn’t

a

primary

school

student

last

year.

一般疑问句：was/

were+主语+

其它

Was

he

a

primary

school

student

last

year

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它What

was

he

last

year

6）Wheredidyou/he/she/theygo…是一般过去时的特殊问句，did是助动词，动词go用原型Eg:Wheredidyougoonvacation?----Istayedathome./IwenttoZhongShan..Howwasyourvacation?How是疑问副词，表示“如何；怎样。”

Eg:Howwastheweatherthere?句型转换(改为一般疑问句)1.IwenttoSanyalastyear.2Jimwentoutwithhisfamilylastnight.3.Wefedsomehensandsomepigsinthecountryside.4.Katehadsomethingtodoatschoollastweek.5.Theydidsomethingfunonthebeach.6.Iboughtsomethingspecialformymother.2.

复合不定代词：

（1）复合不定代词：something,

anything,

everything,

nothing,

someone,

anyone,

everyone,

no

one,

somebody,

anybody,

everybody,

nobody,

somewhere,

anywhere,

everywhere,

nowhere

（2）形容词修饰复合不定代词要后置。something

special

某些特别的事情

anyone

interesting

任何有趣的人

anywhere

warm

任何温暖的地方

（一）句型转换。1.Weplayedfootballyesterdayafternoon.(划线提问)_________________you________yesterdayafternoon?2.Myvacationwasgreat.(划线提问)_________________yourvacation.3.Iwenttosummercampduringmyholiday.(划线提问)_________didyou_______duringyourholiday?4.Hissisterhadapartyyesterdayevening.(划线提问)_________________hissister________aparty?5.Isawthemathteacherintheofficeamomentago.(改为一般疑问句)________you_________themathteacherintheofficeamomentago?6.Theshopsweretoocrowded.(划线提问)__________________theshops?（二）选择题()1.Hehelpedmemylostbook.A.found B.find C.finding()2.Wehadgreatfun____inthewater.A.playB.toplayC.playsD.playing

()3.Yesterdayafternoon,we____tothepark.A.wentB.goC.goesD.goed

()4.–Howwerethepeople

---They____unfriendly。A.wasBwereC.areD.is

()5.Shedidn’t____meit.A.toldB.tellC.tellingDtells()6______wasthefoodintherestaurant

A.HowmanyB.WhyC.How D.Where()7.–Where___she_____onvacation

---She____heruncle.

A.did,go,visitedB.does,govisitedC.did,went,visitedD.does,went,visit单词anyone['eniwʌn]pron.任何人anywhere['eniweə(r)]adv.任何地方n.任何(一个)地方wonderful['wʌndəfl]adj.精彩的；极好的 few[fjuː]adj.很少的；n.少量most[məʊst]adj.最多的;大多数的；something['sʌmθɪŋ]pron.某事物；nothing(=not…anything)['nʌθɪŋ]pron.没有什么n.没有myself[maɪ'self]pron.我自己everyone['evriwʌn]pron.每人；人人yourself[jɔː'self]pron.你自己；你亲自hen[hen]n.母鸡；雌禽bored[bɔːd]adj.无聊的；厌烦的；郁闷的pign.猪diary['daɪəri]n.日记；日记簿(keepadiary)seem[siːm]vi.似乎；好像someone['sʌmwʌn]pron.某人；有人quiteafew相当多；不少(后接可数名词)ofcourse[əvkɔːs]当然activity[æk'tɪvəti]n.活动；活跃decide[dɪ'saɪd]v.决定；选定(decidetodosth.)try[traɪ]v.尝试；设法；努力(trytodosth./trydoingsth.)bird[bɜːd]n.鸟；禽paragliding['pærəɡlaɪdɪŋ]n.空中滑翔跳伞bicycle['baɪsɪkl]n.自行车building['bildiŋ]n.建筑物trader['tredɚ]n.商人；商船wonder['wʌndə(r)]v.惊奇；想知道；怀疑difference['dɪfrəns]n.差异；不同top[tɒp]n.顶部；顶wait[wet]v.等；等待(waitfor)umbrella[ʌm'brelə]n.伞；雨伞wet[wet]adj.湿的；雨天的below[bi'ləu]prep.低于；在...下面adv.在下面as[æz]conj.如同；像...一样enough[i'nʌf]adj.足够的adv.足够地；充分地duck[dʌk]n.鸭肉；鸭hungry(反full)['hʌŋɡri]adj.饥饿的；渴望的feellike(doingsth.)想要dislike[dɪs'laɪk]v.不喜欢；厌恶n.不喜爱；厌恶；反感becauseof因为；由于haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself=havefun(doingsth.)玩得痛快根据短文内容，从方框中选择适当的单词填空。because,crowded,delicious,weather,on,photos,boring,wereMyparentsandIwenttoBeijing(2)________vacation.Iwasveryhappy,(3)________itwasmyfirsttriptoBeijing.FirstwewenttoTian’anMenSquare.Itwasgreat.ThenwewenttothePalaceMuseum.Ididn’thavefunthere.Itwastoo(4)________init.Afterthatwehadlunch.

Thefoodwas(5)________andcheap.Ilikeditverymuch.IntheafternoonwewenttotheGreatWall.There(6)________manypeoplethere,butthere.Atfiveo’clock,wewentbacktothehotel.Weweretiredbuthappy.阅读理解下面几位同学正在谈论他们的周末。Linda:Istayedathomeandstudiedoverweekend.IstudiedformyEnglishtestonSaturday.YesterdayIwroteageographypaper.IntheeveningItalkedtomypenpalonthephone.Whatdidyoudo?

Tim:Ihadagoodtime.OnSaturdaymorningIplayedtennis,intheafternoonIwenttothebeach,andintheeveningIwenttoNancy’sbirthdayparty.OnSundayIwenttothemountainswithmyfriends.Mary:Oh,yourweekendwasgreat.Butminewasboring.Istayedathomethewholeweekend.Icleanedmyroomandwashedmyclothes.Ihelpedmymotherdosomehousework.Didyougoout,Dave

Dave:No,Ididn’t.IstayedathomeandwatchedTVonSaturday.YesterdayIwatchedamovie,Fearless.Itwasveryexciting.()1.Timwenttothebeachlastweekend.()2.Davewashedtheclothesandwatchedanexcitingmovie.()3.LindatalkedtoherpenpalonthephoneonSundaynight.()4.NancyhadabirthdaypartyonSaturdayevening.()5.Mary’sweekendwasgreat.Shehelpedhermotherwiththehousework.BMissLintookourclasstoBeijingCapitalInternationalAirportlastSaturday.Onthewaytotheairport,ChenLinsaidtome,“Myfatherisabusinessman(商人).Heoftengoestotheairport,butIneverwenttherebefore.”Soonwegottotheairport.Itisbigandbeautiful.MissLi,aworkerattheairport,showedusaround(带……参观)theairport.Shetoldusalotabouthowtheairportworked.Thereweremanypeopleatthecheck-incounter(登机手续办理处).ThereweevenmetLinZhiling.Lotsofreporterswerearoundheraskingherquestions.ShetoldthemshecametoBeijingforaclothesshow.Atthecheck-incounterwealsometSunYunxiang.Oh,Iknowalotaboutthisboywithglasses.Heisonlyfourteenyearsold,butheisstudyinginHunanNormalUniversity(湖南师范大学).WhatdidhedoinBeijingOh,Idon’tknow.()6.________oftengoestotheairport. A.MissLin B.ChenLinC.ChenLin’sfather()7.MissLiworksas________. A.ateacher B.aworkerC.areporter()8.SunYunxiang________. A.cametoBeijingforash