常用英语医学名词

常用英语医学名词常用英语医学名词常用英语医学名词资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月常用英语医学名词版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：内分泌/代谢性系统疾病症状多尿polyuria[ˌpɔliˈjuəriə]多饮/烦渴polydipsia[ˌpɔliˈdipsiə]心悸palpitation[pælpiˈteiʃ(ə)n]气短shortofbreath皮肤潮湿moistskin紧张nervous焦虑uneasy/anxiety好动restless

强直spasticityspastic;抽搐twitch/tic常见诊断尿崩症diabetesinsipidus[ˌdaiəˈbi:ti:z]甲亢hyperthyroidism[haipəˈθairɔidiz(ə)m]甲减hypothyroidism糖尿病diabetesmellitus[ˈmelitəs]糖尿病酮症酸中毒diabeticketoacidosisDKA[ˌki:təuˌæsiˈdəusis]高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷hyperosmolarnonketoticdiabeticcoma低血糖症hypoglycemia[ˌhaipəuɡlaiˈsi:miə]低钠血症hyponatremia高钠血症hypernatremia[ˌhaipənəˈtri:miə]低钾血症hypokalemia[ˌhaipəukəˈli:mjə]高钾血症hyperkalemia[ˌhaipəkəˈli:miə]代谢性酸中毒metabolicacidosis[ˌmetəˈbɔlik][ˌæsiˈdəusis]代谢性碱中毒metabolicalkalosis[ˌælkəˈləusis]呼吸性酸中毒respiratoryacidosis呼吸性碱中毒respiratoryalkalosis痛风gout[ɡu:]系统性红斑狼疮systemiclupuserythematosusSLE[ˈlu:pəs]皮肌炎dermatomyositisDM[ˌdə:mətəˌmaiəˈsaitis]系统性硬化病systemicsclerosisSSc硬皮病气管插管/切开记录Endotrachealintubation[ˌendəuˌtrəˈkiəl]气管插管（术）trachealcannula[ˈkænjulə]气管插管（强调管子）Tracheotomy[ˌtrækiˈɔtəmi]气管切开mechanicalventilation机械通气[miˈkænikəl]sedate[siˈdeit]镇静动词SedativeDrugs

镇静药物Dopamine[ˈdəupəmin]多巴胺Noradrenalin[ˌnɔ:rəˈdrenəlin]去甲肾上腺素Suctionmachine

吸痰器Suck吸动词Sputum[ˈspju:təm]痰noninvasivemechanicalventilation无创机械通气[ˌnɔninˈveisiv]Weperformendotrachealintubation/tracheotomyandapplymechanicalventilation。行气管插管/切开，进行机械通气Weuse升压药物toraisebloodpressureand镇静药物tosedatethepatient神经系统症状瞳孔pupil发绀cyanosis发绀的cyanosed[ˈsaiənəust]头昏dizzyness头晕的dazed[deizd]头痛headache抽搐convulsion[kənˈvʌlʃən]眩晕vertigo[ˈvə:tiɡəu]眩晕的vertiginous[və:ˈtidʒinəs]晕厥syncope[ˈsiŋkəpi]晕厥的syncopal[ˈsiŋkəpl]昏迷coma昏睡stupor昏睡的stuporous[ˈstju:pərəs]意识模糊confusion嗜睡somnolence[ˈsɔmnələns]嗜睡的somnolent[ˈsɔmnələnt]谵妄（状态）deliriumstate[diˈliriəm]delirious[diˈliriəs]恶心nausea呕吐vomiting感觉异常paresthesia[ˌpærisˈθi:ʒiə]放射性疼痛radiatingpain牵涉性疼痛referredpain不自主运动involuntarymovements[inˈvɔləntəri]瘫痪paralysis[pəˈrælisis]偏瘫hemiplegia[ˌhemiˈpli:dʒiə]截瘫paraplegia[ˌpærəˈpli:dʒiə]肌张力增高hypermyotonia[ˌhaipəˌmaiəˈtəuniə]口角歪斜theangleofthemouthisdrooping[ˈdru:piŋ]协调运动障碍incoordination言语障碍dysphonia[disˈfəuniə]感觉障碍sensedisorder视力障碍Visiondisorder脑脊液cerebrospinalfluidCSF[ˌseribrəuˈspainl]110-200ML腰椎穿刺lumbarpuncture电子计算机体层扫描computerizedtomographyCT磁共振成像magneticresonanceimagingMRI脑电图electroencephalographyEEG诊断脑血管疾病cerebrovasculardiseaseCVD短暂性脑缺血发作transientischemicattackTIA脑梗死cerebralinfarctionCI脑血栓形成cerebralthrombosisCT腔隙性梗死lacunarinfarct脑栓塞cerebralembolism脑出血intracerebralhemorrhageICH蛛网膜下腔出血subarachnoidhemorrhageSAH高血压脑病hypertensionencephalopathy[enˌsefəˈlɔpəθi]消化系统疾病症状恶心nausea呕吐vomiting吞咽困难dysphagia[disˈfeidʒiə]嗳气/打嗝eructation[ˌi:rʌkˈteiʃən]反酸acidregurgitation

[riˌɡə:dʒiˈteiʃən,ri:ˌɡə:dʒiˈteiʃən]食欲不振Lackofappetiteinappetence

[inˈæpitəns]腹胀abdominaldistention腹痛abdominalpain腹泻diarrhea便秘constipation[ˌkɔnstiˈpeiʃən]里急后重rectaltenesmus[təˈnezməs]黄疸jaundice呕血hematemesis便血hematochezia黑便melena生长抑素somatostatin[səumætəuˈstætin]奥曲肽octreotide双囊三腔管doublecapsulethree-cavitytube常见诊断上消化道出血uppergastrointestinalhemorrhage[ˌɡæstrəuinˈtestənl]下消化道出血lowergastrointestinalhemorrhage食管癌carcinomaoftheesophagus[ˌkɑ:siˈnəumə][i(:)ˈsɔfəɡəs]急/慢性胃炎acute/chronicgastritis消化性溃疡pepticulcer胃溃疡gastriculcerGU十二指肠溃疡duodenalulcerDU胃癌gastriccarcinoma肠结核intestinaltuberculosis[tju:ˌbə:kjuˈləusis]结核性腹膜炎tuberculousperitonitis[ˌperitəˈnaitis]克罗恩病Crohn’sdisease,CD直肠癌colorectalcarcinoma[ˌkəuləˈrektəl]酒精性肝病alcoholicliverdisease肝硬化hepaticcirrhosis[hiˈpætik][siˈrəusis]原发性肝癌primarycarcinomaoftheliver肝性脑病hepaticencephalopathyHE[enˌsefəˈlɔpəθi]肝性昏迷hepaticcoma重症急性胰腺炎severeacutepancreatitisSAP[ˌpæŋkriəˈtaitis]胰腺癌carcinomaofpancreas[ˈpæŋkriəs]血液系统疾病症状贫血anemia[əˈni:miə]头昏dizzyness头痛headache眩晕vertigo晕厥syncope乏力weak萎靡cachexia[kəˈkeksiə]言语不清的alalic[əˈleilik]发热fever耳鸣tinnitus

[tiˈnaitəs]adrummingintheears

眼花blurredvision记忆力减退deteriorationofthememory

[diˌtiəriəˈreiʃən]苍白pallor皮下出血subcutaneoushemorrhage牙龈出血gingivalhamorrhage[dʒinˈdʒaivəl]鼻出血rhinorrhagia[rainəˈreidʒiə]淋巴结肿大lymphadenectasis瘀点petechia<2mm紫癜purpura3-5mm瘀斑ecchymosis>5mm昏迷coma昏睡stupor意识模糊confusion嗜睡somnolence谵妄delirium意识障碍disturbanceofconsciousness常见诊断重度贫血severeanemia

缺铁性贫血irondeficientanemia再生障碍性贫血aplasticanemia溶血性贫血hemolyticanemia白细胞减少leukopenia粒细胞缺乏症agranulocytosis[æˌɡrænjuləusaiˈtəusis]白血病leukemia[lju:ˈki:miə]急性淋巴细胞白血病acutelymphoblasticleukemia，ALL[ˌlimfəuˈblæstik]急性非淋巴细胞白血病acutenonlymphoblasticleukemia，ANLL慢性粒细胞白血病chronicmyeloidleukemia，CML（慢粒）[ˈmaiəˌlɔid]慢性淋巴细胞白血病chroniclymphoblasticleukemia，CLL慢淋急性白血病acuteleukopeniaAL淋巴瘤lymphoma[limˈfəumə]霍奇金淋巴瘤Hodgkinlymphoma，HL非霍奇金淋巴瘤nonHodgkinlymphoma，NHL多发性骨髓瘤multiplemyelomaMM[ˌmaiəˈləumə]脾功能亢进hypersplenism血管性紫癜vascularpurpura[ˈpə:pjurə]过敏性紫癜allergicpurpura[əˈlə:dʒik]特发性血小板减少性紫癜idiopathicthrombocytopenicpurpura，ITP[ˌidiəˈpæθik]血友病hemophilia[ˌhi:məˈfiliə]弥散性血管内凝血disseminatedintravascularcoagulation，DIC[kəuˌæɡjuˈleiʃən]泌尿系统疾病症状蛋白尿albuminuria[ælˌbju:miˈnjuəriə]血尿hematuria[ˌhi:məˈtjuriə]乏力hypodynamia[ˌhaipəudaiˈnæmjə]/easyfatigability.疲倦fatigued腰痛lumbago[lʌmˈbeiɡəu]纳差anorexia[ˌænəˈreksiə]没有胃口,厌食水肿edema[i(:)ˈdi:mə]尿频frequentmicturition尿急urgentmicturition尿痛odynuria血尿hematuria少尿oliguria多尿polyuria恶心nausea呕吐vomiting腹胀abdominaldistention腹泻diarrhea皮肤瘙痒Itchofskin血液透析hemodialysis[ˌhi:məudaiˈælisis]血液灌洗Hemoperfusion血浆置换术Plasmapheresis[ˌplæzməˈferəsis]连续性肾脏替代治疗continuousrenalreplacementtherapy，CRRT腹膜透析peritonealdialysis，PD[daiˈælisis]利尿剂hydragogue[ˈhaidrəɡɔɡ]常见诊断急性肾功能衰竭acuterenalfailure，ARF慢性肾功能衰竭chronicrenalfailure，CRF急性肾小球肾炎acuteglomerulonephritis[ɡləuˌmerjuˌləunefˈraitis]慢性肾小球肾炎chronicglomerulonephritis急进性肾小球肾炎rapidlyprogressiveglomerulonephritis肾病综合症nephroticsyndrome，NS[neˈfrɔtik]尿路感染urinarytractinfection[ˈjuərinəri]肾动脉栓塞renalarteryembolism呼吸系统疾病症状咳嗽cough咳痰expectoration咳血hemoptysis气紧shortofbreath胸痛chestpain常见诊断急性上呼吸道感染acuteupperrespiratorytractinfection肺炎pneumonia肺曲霉病pulmonaryaspergillosis肺脓肿lungabscess肺结核pulmonarytuberculosis慢性阻塞性肺疾病chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease,COPD支气管哮喘bronchialasthma肺栓塞pulmonaryembolism,PE肺源性心脏病corpulmonale简称肺心病慢性肺源性心脏病chronicpulmonaryheartdisease间质性肺疾病interstitiallungdisease结节病sarcoidosis胸腔积液pleuraleffusions气胸pneumothorax肺癌lungcancer睡眠呼吸暂停综合症sleepapneasyndrome,SAS呼吸衰竭respiratoryfailure急性呼吸窘迫综合症actuerespiratorydiseasesyndrome,ARDS肺部感染pulmonaryinfectionII型呼衰TypeIIrespiratoryfailure创伤及意外伤害症状呼吸困难dyspnea[disˈpni:ə]发绀cyanosis[ˌsaiəˈnəusis]发绀的cyanosed[saiənəust]头昏dizzyness头晕的dazed[deizd]头痛headache眩晕vertigo[və:tiɡəu]眩晕的vertiginous[və:tidʒinəs]晕厥syncope[siŋkəpi]晕厥的syncopal[siŋkəpl]昏迷coma昏睡stupor昏睡的stuporous[stju:pərəs]意识模糊confusion嗜睡somnolence[sɔmnələns]嗜睡的somnolent[sɔmnələnt]谵妄delirium[diliriəm]delirious[diliriəs]恶心nausea呕吐vomiting清创缝合术debridement[di’braidmənt]胸腔闭式引流术Closedthoracicdrainage[θɔ(:)ræsik][dreinidʒ]胸腔闭式引流管Closedthoracicdrainagetube引流管drainagetube止血（法）hemostasis

[himɔstəsis]包扎tieup

固定fix休克体位shockposition患肢affectedlimb抬高患肢raise/elevateaffectedlimb

创伤trauma[trɔ:mə]创伤复合伤combinedinjury放射复合伤combinedradiationinjury闭合伤closedinjury挤压伤crushinjury挤压综合症Compressionsyndrome挫伤contusion扭伤sprain震荡伤concussion[kənkʌs]开放伤openedinjury擦伤abrasion[əbreiʒən]撕裂伤laceration[læsəreiʃən]车祸伤caraccidentinjury高坠伤highfallinjury失血性休克hemorrhagicshock感染性休克infectiveshock清洁伤口cleaningwound污染伤口contaminatedwound感染伤口infectedwound烧伤burn化学烧伤chemicalburn冷冻伤coldinjury电击伤electricinjury蜂蛰伤beestingThepatientwasconscious(清醒的)/unconscious(不清醒的)/comatose(昏迷的)/fidgety(烦躁的)withprofuseperspiration(大汗淋漓)/tachypnea(呼吸急促)/breathingquickly(呼吸急促),complainingof(主诉)+病员所诉，examinationhints(查体示)that:+查体检查到的情况。Thepatienthadendotrachealintubation(气管插管)/tracheotomy(气管切开)，intravenousaccess(静脉通道)，gastrictube（胃管），urinarycatheter（尿管），drainagetube(引流管)等等,thepatientgetmonitored(监护)，mechanicalventilation(机械通气)/uptakingoxygen数字literperminute/.weobtainthesecond/multipleintravenousaccess（建立静脉通道)，andgivehim/herthetherapy(治疗)suchas（例如）+列举各种药品等，monitorbloodglucose(血糖)/CVPetc.Thismorningthepatient’stemperatureis数字centigrade,heartratesare数字perminute,respirationratesare数字perminute,bloodpressureis/mmHg(mmHgmillimetermercurycolumn),SpO2(PulseOxygenSaturation)is数字percent.数字hoursintaking:数字milliliter,outputting:数字milliliter,stool(大便)：数字gram.常见主诉及症状体格检查physicalexamination呼吸困难dyspnea咳嗽cough咳痰expectoration咳血hemoptysis皮肤黏膜出血mucocutaneoushemorrhage水肿edema胸痛chestpain胸闷cheststuffiness/discomfort端坐呼吸orthopnea心悸palpitation发热fever发绀cyanosis头昏dizzyness头痛headache眩晕vertigo晕厥syncope乏力weak呕血hematemesis便血hematochezia黑便melena便秘constipation黄疸jaundice黄染stainedyellow苍白pallor发红redness色素沉着pigmentation白斑leukoplakia斑疹maculae玫瑰疹roseola丘疹papules斑丘疹maculopapulae荨麻疹urticaria皮肤脱屑desquamation皮下出血subcutaneoushemorrhage瘀点petechia<2mm紫癜purpura3-5mm瘀斑ecchymosis>5mm血肿hematoma意识障碍disturbanceofconsciousness昏迷coma昏睡stupor意识模糊confusion嗜睡somnolence谵妄delirium恶心nausea呕吐vomiting腹泻diarrhea偏瘫hemiplegicparalysis腹痛abdominalpain腰背痛lumbodorsalgia关节痛arthralgia腹胀abdominaldistension肛门停止排气排便nogasorstoolexcretedfromanus肢体抖动Limbstrembling抽搐tic惊厥convulsion尿频frequentmicturition尿急urgentmicturition尿痛odynuria血尿hematuria少尿oliguria多尿polyuria自主体位activeposition被动体位passiveposition强迫体位compulsiveposition常见诊断溶血性贫血hemolyticanemia百草枯中毒paraquatintoxication肺炎respiratory呼吸衰竭respiratoryfailure冠心病、心绞痛coronaryheartdiseaseanginapectpris高血压hepertension心功能不全heartfailure房颤atrialfibrilation消化道出血hemorrhageofdigestivetract肝性脑病hepaticencephalopathy肝硬化、腹水livercirrhosisascites肝功能衰竭hepaticfailure肾功能衰竭renalfailure肾病综合征nephriticacidosis代谢性酸中毒metabolicacidosis高钾血症hyperkalemia糖尿病diabetesmellitus酮症酸中毒ketoacidosis癫痫epilepsia脑出血cerebralinfarction脑梗塞brainyumor脑肿瘤braintumor脑炎encephalitis低钾血症hypokalemia电解质紊乱electrolytedisturbances深静脉血栓deepveinthrombosis蛇咬伤snakebite蜂蛰伤beesting肠梗阻intestinalobstruction常用治疗名称输血bloodtransfusion抗感染anti-infection制酸relievinghyperacidity抗凝anti-coagulation抗血小板antiplatelet止血hemostasia脱水dehydration降温defervesce祛痰eliminatingphlegm平喘relievingasthma雾化atomization胃肠减压gastrointestionaldecompression灌肠enteroclysis症状变化加重aggravate减轻alleviate主要检查结果明显升高、降低、异常remarkablyelevated/redeuced./abnormalCTX-rayB-ultrasound相关科室会诊requestrelativeconsultation循环系统疾病症状心悸papitation发绀cyanosis呼吸困难shortofbreath咳嗽cough咳血hemoptysis胸痛chestpain少尿oliguria水肿edema头痛headache眩晕vertigo晕厥syncope恶心nausea呕吐vomiting起搏pacing除颤defibrillation电复律cardiovertion溶栓治疗thrombolytictherapy常见诊断心力衰竭heartfailure心功能不全cardiacinsufficiency[ˈkɑ:diæk]窦性心动过速sinustachycardia[ˌtækiˈkɑ:diə]窦性停搏sinuspause病态窦房结综合症sicksinussyndrome，SSS房性心动过速atrialtachycardia[ˈeitriəl]房性期前收缩atrialprematurebeats[ˌpreməˈtjuə]心房扑动atrialflutter心房颤动atrialfibrillation[ˌfaibriˈleiʃən]预激综合症preexcitationsyndrome室性期前收缩prematureventricularbeats [venˈtrikjulə]室性心动过速ventriculartachycardia室颤ventricularfibrillation室扑ventricularflutter房室传导阻滞atrioventricularblock心脏骤停cardiacarrest无脉性电活动pulselesselectricalactivity心源性猝死suddencardiacdeath先心病congenitalcardiovasculardiseases[kənˈdʒenitəl]房间隔缺损atrialseptaldefect，ASD[ˈseptl]室间隔缺损ventricularseptaldefect,VSD动脉导管未闭patentductusarteriosus,PDA先天性主动脉缩窄congenitalcoarctationoftheaorta[ˌkəuɑ:kˈteiʃən][eiˈɔ:tə]先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄congenitalpulmonaryvalvestenosis[stiˈnəusis]原发性高血压primaryhypertension冠心病coronaryheartdisease[ˈkɔrənəri]稳定型心绞痛stableanginapectoris[ænˈdʒainə]心肌梗死myocardialinfarction[ˌmaiəuˈkɑ:diəl]心脏瓣膜病valvularheartdis