英语句子八大成分

英语句子八大成分英语句子八大成分英语句子八大成分xxx公司英语句子八大成分文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度英语句子成分讲座主语句子一般要有主语。在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语)

来充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用

it

作形式主语。■名词作主语

English

is

very

important.

英语是很重要的。

The

students

all

love

their

English

teacher.

这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。

■代词作主语

They

go

to

school

by

bus.

他们乘公共汽车上学。

Most

of

the

students

come

from

the

countryside.

大多数学生来自农村。

■动名词作主语

Watching

TV

too

much

is

bad

for

your

eyes.

看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。

It’s

no

use

regretting

it.

后悔是无用的。

■动词不定式(短语)作主语

To

see

is

to

believe.

眼见为实。

It

is

very

hard

to

get

to

sleep.

入睡谓语

谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。

■及物动词作谓语

We

should

help

each

other.

我们应该互相帮助。

They

respect

one

another.

他们互相尊重(对方)。

Allof

the

students

like

the

novel.

所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。

Did

you

see

many

people

there?

你在那儿看见许多人了吗?

■不及物动词作谓语

He

left

here

yesterday.

他昨天离开这儿。

You’re

driving

too

fast.

你开车开得太快了。

The

teacher

came

in,

book

in

hand.

老师走进教室，手里拿着书。

He

went

abroad

in

the

September

of

1988.

他于1988年9月出国。

■连系动词表状态

He

is

an

excellent

teacher.

他是位优秀的教师。

Her

son

is

a

friend

of

ours.

她的儿子是我们的朋友。

Ours

is

a

great

country.

我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。

The

box

itself

is

not

so

heavy.

箱子本身并不重。表语

表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名词词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：

They

are

brother

and

sister.

他们是兄妹。

Her

father

is

sixty-five.

她父亲65岁。

John

is

captain

of

the

team.

约翰是足球队的队长。

The

poor

boy

was

myself.

那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。

All

you

need

do

is

to

take

a

taxi

from

the

airport.

你只需从机场打个的即可。

My

favourite

sport

is

swimming.

我最喜爱的运动是游泳。宾语

宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。如：

I

like

Chinese

food.

我喜欢中国菜。

I

bought

a

ticket

for

Milan.

我买了一张去米兰的车票。

I

enjoyed

talking

to

you.

我和你谈话很高兴。

Have

you

finished

dressing?

你衣服穿好了吗?

He

certainly

did

not

want

to

join

them.

他确实不想参加他们的活动。

They

decided

to

close

the

border.

他们决定封闭边境。

We

hoped

that

all

would

come

well.

我们希望一切都会好转。

We

expected

that

you

would

stay

for

a

few

days.

我们预计你会待几天的。

定语

定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语)

或句子充当。

His

father

is

a

doctor.

他父亲是一名医生。

Mr.

Green

has

two

sons.

格林先生有两个儿子。

The

girl

under

the

tree

is

Kate.

在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。

The

man

downstairs

couldn’t

sleep

well.

楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。

I

bought

a

new

dictionary.

我买了本新字典。

Can

you

find

out

the

answer

to

the

question你能找到这个问题的答案吗

Would

you

like

something

to

drink?

你想要些喝的东西吗？

A

man

going

to

die

is

always

kind-hearted.

人之将死，其言也善。

The

suggestion

sent

to

the

committee

was

adopted.

送往委员会的建议被采纳了。

Do

you

know

the

man

who

is

standing

next

to

Mr.

Green?

你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗？状语

英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当或由连词引导状语从句，表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式，比较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等。

(1)

时间状语

I

often

get

up

at

5:30

in

the

morning.

我常常在早上5:30起床。

Hearing

the

news,

they

felt

very

excited.

听到这个消息，他们感到很兴奋。

(2)

地点状语

Pandas

only

live

in

China.

熊猫仅生活在中国。

(3)

目的状语

We’ll

go

to

the

beach

for

a

picnic

this

Sunday.

这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。He

took

some

change

from

his

pocket

to

buy

a

newspaper.

他从口袋里掏出一些零钱来买报纸。

She

got

up

early

so

that

she

could

catch

the

first

bus.

她早早地起床，以便能够赶上这辆早班车。

(4)

方式状语

We

usually

go

to

school

on

foot.

我们通常步行去上学。

Please

do

it

as

I

told

you.

请按我告诉你的去做。

(5)

让步状语

Though

she

has

a

lot

of

money,

she

is

unhappy.

虽然她很有钱，而她并不幸福。

No

matter

what

happens,

I

will

never

lose

heart.

无论发生什么，我将决不失去信心。

(6)

条件状语

If

you

don’t

work

hard,

you’ll

fall

behind

the

others.

假如你不努力学习，你将落后于别人。

Given

more

attention,

the

flowers

would

have

grown

better.

如果给予更多的关心的话，这些花将长得更好。

(7)

原因状语

We

didn’t

go

to

the

park

because

of

the

bad

weather.

由于天气不好，我们没有去公园。

Being

ill,

he

didn’t

go

to

school.

由于病了，他没有去上学。

(8)

结果状语

The

wind

was

so

strong

that

we

could

hardly

move

forward.

风是如此地猛烈，以致于我们寸步难行。

He

left

early,

so

that

he

caught

the

train.

他早早地离去，(结果)

因此赶上了火车。

(9)

伴随状语

The

doctor

hurried

off,

with

a

medicine

box

under

his

arm.

这位医生匆匆离去，胳膊下夹着一个药箱子。

The

teacher

came

into

the

classroom,

followed

by

a

group

of

his

students.

老师进到教室里来，后面跟着一群学生。

宾语补足语

宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：

Tom

found

the

climb

quite

easy.

汤姆觉得爬山很容易。

Pleasecall

me

Jim.

不要这样正规，叫我吉姆好了。

You

must

keep

it

clean.

你要把它保持干净。

I

have

the

car

waiting.

我让汽车等着。

We

had

the

machine

repaired.

我们请人修理了机器。

Why

don’t

you

have

your

hair

cut?

你为什么不理发?

He

had

his

finger

cut.

他的手指弄伤了。

I

had

my

watch

stolen

yesterday.

我的表昨天被人偷去了。

She

has

plenty

of

clothes

to

wear.

她有足够的衣服穿。

He

made

me

repeat

the

story.

他要我把那事重讲一遍。

Rain

makes

plants

grow.

雨水使植物生长。

注意：后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有

call,

name,

think,

make,

choose

等，后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有

keep,

find,

get,

think,

make

等。动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词(如

feel,

see,

hear,

notice,

watch,

observe,

listen

to,

look

at

等)，使役动词(如

let,

have,

make

等)，动词不定式不带to主语补足语

Thedoorwaspaintedwhite.Theoldmanwasfoundweak.练习句子成分练习题(

一

)

(一).

指出下列句中主语

1.

The

teacher

with

two

of

his

students

is

walking

into

the

classroom.

2.The

useful

dictionary

was

given

by

my

mother

last

year.

3.

To

do

today's

homework

without

the

teacher's

help

is

very

difficult.

选出句中谓语

1.I

don't

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.

②

The

days

get

longer

and

longer

when

summer

comes.

③

Do

you

usually

go

to

school

by

bus?

④

There

will

be

a

meeting

at

the

library

this

afternoon.

⑤

Did

the

twins

have

porridge

for

their

breakfast?

⑥

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

yesterday.

⑦

What

I

want

to

tell

you

is

this.

⑧

We

had

better

send

for

a

doctor.

⑨

He

is

interested

in

music.

(三)

挑出下列句中的宾语

①

My

brother

hasn't

done

his

homework.

②

People

all

over

the

world

speak

English.

③

You

must

pay

good

attention

to

your

pronunciation.

⑤Some

of

the

students

in

the

school

want

to

go

swimming,⑥

The

old

man

sitting

at

the

gate

said

he

was

ill.

.

⑧

Go

across

the

bridge

and

you

will

find

the

museum

on

the

left.

⑨

You

will

find

it

useful

after

you

leave

school.

⑩

They

didn't

know

who

"Father

Christmas"

really

is.

(四)

挑出下列句中的表语

①

The

old

man

was

feeling

very

tired.

②

Why

is

he

worried

about

Jim?

③

The

leaves

have

turned

yellow.

④

Soon

They

all

became

interested

in

the

subject.

⑤

She

was

the

first

to

learn

about

it.

(五)

挑出下列句中的定语

1.

What

is

your

given

name?

2.

On

the

third

lap

are

Class

1

and

Class

3.

3.

The

man

downstairs

was

trying

to

sleep.

4.Heis

afamous

star.5.Who’sthat

girl

inred

6.A

suitcase

that

doesn’thavehandles

isuseless.7.Theblue

suitcase

,which

doesn’thavehandles,isuseless.(六)

挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

①

She

likes

the

children

to

read

newspapers

and

books

in

the

reading-room.

②

He

asked

her

to

take

the

boy

out

of

school.

③

She

found

it

difficult

to

do

the

work.

④

They

call

me

Lily

sometimes.

⑤

I

saw

Mr

Wang

get

on

the

bus.

⑥

Did

you

see

Li

Ming

playing

football

on

the

playground

just

now?

挑出句子中的状语①

There

was

a

big

smile

on

her

face.

②

Every

night

he

heard

the

noise

upstairs.③

He

began

to

learn

English

when

he

was

eleven.

⑤

With

the

medicine

box

under

her

arm,

Miss

Li

hurried

off.⑥

She

loves

the

library

because

she

loves

books.

⑦

I

am

afraid

that

if

you've

lost

it,

you

must

pay

for

it.

⑧

The

students

followed

Uncle

Wang

to

see

the

other

machine.

(八)

划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

①

Please

tell

us

a

story.

②

My

father

bought

a

new

bike

for

me

last

week.

③

Mr

Li

is

going

to

teach

us

history

next

term.

④

Here

is

a

pen.Give

it

to

Tom.

⑤

Did

he

leave

any

message

for

me?

句子成分练习题(

二

)

指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：Whether

we’ll

go

depend

on

the

weather

.

People’s

standards

of

living

are

going

up

steadily

.

3.

That

was

how

they

were

defeated.

4.The

nursery

takes

good

care

of

our

children

.5.I’ll

return

the

book

to

you

tomorrow

.

6.We

are

sure

that

we

shall

succeed

.

7.The

woman

with

a

baby

in

her

arms

is

his

other

.

8.There

are

man