上海名校高中自主招生英语阅读理解（培优）第5讲：阅读六选四或七选五（含答案）

第05讲：名校高中自主招生阅读六选四/七选五❖考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接Q解题技巧一、关键词汇线索.词汇复现：复现是指在文章不同位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。包括原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、派生词复现等。例1：同词复现 Thescientistssaythatthehumanlifehaschangedgreatly.Ourbodieshavenotbeenabletodealwiththesechangesinlifestyleandthishadledtonewkindsofsicknesses.Sotheyarecalled“diseasesofcivilization”.Manycancersanddiseasesofthebloodsystemareexamplesofsuchdiseases.A.StoneAgepeoplelivedasimplelife.B.Buttoday,weenjoyeatingalotofthese.Inthatcase,theywouldlivemuchhealthier.Ancientpeoplehavenotlotsofphysicalexercise.Thesenewsicknesseswerenotknowninancienttimes.F.Peopletodayprobablydon'twanttolivelikeourancestors.例2：反义词复现 Ontheotherhand,theadvantagesofgoingoverseasmayincludeday-to-dayopportunitiestolearnanewculture,meetnewfriendswithwhomyoucanuseandpracticethelanguage,andchancestoseedifferentpartsoftheworld.Thosedisadvantagesincludeexpense,timeawayfromone'sschool,family,...A.Thefollowingareitsadvantages.B.However,theremaybeanumberofdisadvantages.C.Consideradistanceeducation.D.Mostofusareadaptedtostudyingatschool.例3：派生词复现Don'tfearpeople..Thereasonwhymostpeopledon'ttakerisksisthefearofwhatothersmightthinkofthem.Ifyouwanttolivethelifeyoutrulydeserve,youmustgiveuptheneedtobelikedbyeverybody.A.Focusonyourowntalentsandstrengths.B.Neverletothers'opinionsguideyourchoices.C.Stayfearlessineverythingyouwillhavetodo..同范畴词同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系最紧密。例1: Everybodygetsstressedtimetotime.Trytakingthesefourstepsthenexttimeyouarestressed:First:Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.Talktoa"trustedadult”,suchasparentorotherrelatives..Theymighthavehadsimilarproblems,suchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet.Askforahelpinghandtogetyouthroughthetoughsituation.Noticeyourfriends'feelingsandfindawaytohelpthem.DifferentpeoplefeelstressindifferentwaysAh,itfeelssogoodwhenthestressisgone.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis.Anddon*tforgetaboutyourfriends.3.代词提示：代词出现频率极高，用来指代前面出现的名词和形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词和单复数差异可以准确而快速解题。常用代词：you...,your...,,mine,yours,his,hers,its*ours,theirs，myself,this,that»these,those,all,both,each,every,anybody,something,noone,none,some,any,no,who,whom,whose,what,which,that,aso例1： 73 .Theysaythefirststepistoadmitthatyouareangryandtorecognizetherealcauseoftheanger,...A.Doctorssaythesolutionislearninghowtodealwithanger.B.Hesaidthatlaughterismuchhealthierthananger.C.Angerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetotime.例2：Itdoesn'tmatterwhichproductivitybirdrepresentsyourworkstyle.(70)Itdependsonyourenvironmentandenergylevels.Doyouhavethedrivetogetupearlyorstayuplate?Whileothersaredreaming,makeyourdreamsreal.Manybelievebeingnightowlsisbetter.E.Theybothcanwork.例3：Youhavethesameamountoftimeeachdayaseveryoneelse.Ifyouwanttoreachyourgoalsanddreamsyouhavetobewillingtopaytheprice.(67)Sometimesitisyourtime.Sometimesitismoney.Andsometimesitissleep.Oneofthebesttimestogetaheadandbe“inthezone^iswheneveryoneelseissleeping.Getupearly.Orstayuplate.Thoseareyourchoices.NotwatchingmindlessTVorendlesslysurfingtheNet.Thatsacrificeofteninvolvesgivingupsomething.4.利用句子中心实词解题句子中心实词是指在一个句子表达中需要占据句子主干或者中心意思的一类实词。和代词一样，当一个句子中出现了表达某一特点概念的中心实词时，该句上下文就应该围绕这样的中心来展开，也就是说正确选项中不能呈现上下文没有交代的一个中心实词，因此我们可以利用这一现象来帮助我们找到正常选项或者排除错误选项。例1：(68)Askyourselfwhatproblemtheaudiencewantstosolve,andtalkaboutthatproblemfirst.“Thenandonlythen,talkaboutwhatyouaregoodatasthesolutiontothatproblem,“saysMorgan.“Audiencesstartoffbyaskingwhy.WhyamIhere?WhyshouldIcare?Ifyouanswerthosequestionsearly,thenthey'llaskhow.Yourjobistoanswerthewhyquestionfirstandthenaddressthehow.”A.BerelevanttoyouraudienceFocusononetheme,andeliminateeverythingelse.例3：Forthosewithgreenfingers,thepleasureofgardeningcomesfromgettingoutinthefreshair,inallweathersandcommuningwithnature-evenifthereareafewtoomanyworms!Itcanalsobeseenasasortofdigital-detox—time(数字排毒时间)awayfromtechnology._68 F.Someexpertsactuallybelievethatgettingoutsidetodigandplantthingsactsasa"naturalexcitement*'Il'snowondersomeofusturntogardeningasaformoftherapy二、注意逻辑关系：找准文章衔接词，理清空格与上下文之间的逻辑关系。主要逻辑关系包括：TOC\o"1-5"\h\z•并歹U关系：first(ly),second(ly), ；first,then/next, ；inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace, ；foronething,fbranotherthing, 等；•递进关系：too,also,besides,further,fiirthennore,moreover,whatmore,inaddition,not...but..notonly butalso等；.解释例证关系：forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/that'stosay 等；4•因果关系：because,becauseof,fbr,as,since,inthat,onaccountof,with,so,sothat,therefore,thereby,asaresult,hence,thus,consequently,accordingly等；5.对比转折关系：however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,instead,nevertheless,still,yet,onthecontrary等6•概括归纳关系：inshortjnbrief,insummary,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,toconclude,inconclusion,inaword,tosumup等。例1：Asyoutakenotes,youmaywanttouseyourownshorthand.Youdobesurethatyouunderstand;youdobesurethatyouunderstandyoursymbols.Otherwise,Usewords,notcompletesentences.Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.youmaynotbeabletoreadyournoteslater.youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.Thatmeansyoumustfirstdecidewhatisimportantenoughtoincludeinyournotes.三、利用细节句与主题句的区别解题这一技巧需要与空所在位置结合起来分析。主题句通常在段首，总结句通常在段尾，相当于再次点题。这两个位置多是需要概括性强的语句——主题句。而在段中通常是补充说明内容和议论过程，通常是需要含有内容的语句——细节句。先判断空的位置，然后在选项中筛选细节句与主题句。例1：SelfExpression 5 Therearemanywaystoexpressthoughtsandideas—music,acting,drawingbuilding,photography.YoumayfindthatyourchildisattractedbyonemorethananotherC.Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways.GBeingabletocommunicateideasinameaningfulwayisavaluableskill.例2：Self-esteemisthemeasurementorthevalueofhowapersonknowshisworthanditseffectsarelife-changinganddramatic,sinceitmakesupaperson'sattitudeandoutlooktowardslife. 67 Butwhenself-esteemislow,youcancilhersulkandbesad。「beafraidlol「youlnew（hingsorlakerisksandchanceswithyourlove-life,career,relationshipsandself-improvement.A.Simplyput,self-esteemisthefuelthatmakesyoufeelimportantorlovedbyothers.E.Whenyourself-esteemishigh,youarelesslikelytobeaffectedbythesesituations.例3：Untilnow,predictingexactlywhatmakesabestsellerwassomewhatofamystery,yetresearchersfromNewYorkclaimtohavecreatedanalgorithm（算法）todojustthat.Byanalyzingthewordsusedinclassicbooks,thealgorithmwasabletocorrectlypredictwhichbookswerebestsellers,andwhichwerelesssuccessful,in84percentofcases. 67 Overall,theyfoundthatsuccessfulbookscontainedahighnumberofnounsandadjectivesandplentyofquotes.Themostpopularbooksalsofeaturedmoreverbsrelatingto“thought-processing“suchas“recognized"and"remembered”.典例剖析一YourNextNurseCouldBeaRobotDr.DeMomi,ofthePolitecnicodiMilano(Italy),ledaninternationalteamthattrainedarobottoimitatenaturalhumanactions.1Overtimethisshouldleadtoimprovementsinsafetyduringsurgeriesbecauseunliketheirhumancounterpartsrobotsdonottireandcancompleteanendlessseriesofprecisemovements.Thegoalisnottoremovehumanskillfromtheoperatingroom,buttocomplementitwitharobot'sparticularskillsandbenefits.“Asaroboticist,Iamconvincedthatrobotic(co)workersandcollaboratorswilldefinitelychangetheworkmarket,buttheywon'tstealjobopportunities.2"DeMomiexplains.ToconducttheirexperimentDeMomi'steamphotographedahumanbeingconductingnumerousreachingmotions,inawaysimilartohandinginstrumentstoasurgeon.Thesecameracaptureswereinputintotheneuralnetworkoftheroboticarm,whichiscrucialtocontrollingmovements.Nextahumanoperatorguidedtheroboticarminimitatingthereachingmotionsthatthehumansubjecthadinitiallyperformed.Althoughtherewasnotaperfectoverlapbetweentheroboticandhumanactions,theywerebroadlysimilar.Theseobserversdeterminedwhethertheactionsoftheroboticarmswere“biologicallyinspired/,whichwouldindicatethattheirneuralnetworkshadeffectivelylearnedtoimitatehumanbehavior.About70%ofthetimethisisexactlywhatthehumanobserversconcluded.Theseresultsarepromising,althoughfurtherresearchisnecessarytoconfirmorrefineDeMomi'sconclusions.Ifroboticarmscanindeedimitatehumanbehavior,itwouldbenecessarytobuildconditionsinwhichhumansandrobotscancooperateeffectivelyinhighstressenvironmentslikeoperatingrooms.

DeMomi'sworkispartofthegrowingfieldofhealthcarerobotics,whichhasthepotentialtochangethewaywereceivehealthcaresoonerratherthanlater.Thisfuturemaynotbeasfarawayaswethink.Robotscan'tsuccessfullyimitatedoctors'motionsintheoperatingroom.Finally,severalhumansobservedastheroboticarmmadenumerousmotions.Thenursingassistantforyournexttriptothehospitalwillstillbearobotinsteadofhumanbeings.Theywilljustallowustodecreaseworkloadandachievebetterperformancesinseveraltasks.Hisworkindicatesthathumansandrobotscaneffectivelycooperateduringhigh-riskeventssuchassurgeries.【答案】l.F2.E3.C 4.A【解析】这是一篇说明文，文中讲述意大利医生培训了机器人去模仿人类的动作，这将会提高在手术室里医生和机器人合作的效率。【1题详解】上句“Dr.DeMomi,ofthePolitecnicodiMilano(Italy),ledaninternationalteamthattrainedarobottoimitatenaturalhumanactions.”提到意大利医生DeMomi带领国际团队，培训机器人去模仿人类的动作，承接上文，F选项“他的工作表明人类和机器人能有效地在像手术这样高风险的事情中合作”切题。该选项中hiswork与上句该医生的做法是一致的。故选F。【2题详解】上句"Asaroboticist,Iamconvincedthatrobotic(co)workersandcollaboratorswilldefinitelychangetheworkmarket,buttheywon'tstealjobopportunities.”提到作为机器人专家，我相信机器人工作人员将一定能改变工作市场，但是他们不会偷走工作机会，承接上文，E项“他们只是允许我们降低工作负担,及在任务中表现的更好“切题，本句呼应上文中，“机器人并不能完全代替人类，只是帮助人类做的更好”。故选E。

【3题详解】下句"Theseobserversdetenninedwhethertheactionsoftheroboticarmswere''biologicallyinspired”中提到这些观察者们讲决定是否这些机器人的动作是受生理上的刺激。承接下文，C选项“最后，当机器人的胳膊做动作的时候，有几个人在观察“切题，本句中observed与下句中observers相呼应。故选C。【4本段开头句“Theseresultsarepromising,”这些研究结果是有前途的“，呼应本主题句，A选项“未来不会太远”切题，并且呼应本段最后一句提到的“soonerratherthanlater”。故选A。Q实战演练+Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencegivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Perhapsthiscouldonlyworkinacountrywithacrimerateamongthelowestintheworld.ForOhashi,themachinesonceservedasbeacons.Youcanputthemanywhereandtheywon'tbestolenorharmed.Assuch,vendingmachinesoffercertainty.Similarly,vendingmachinesareeverywhere.Butmostareonlystockedwithhotandcolddrinks,someofwhichhavefunnyEnglishnames,like"PocariSweat"or"CalpisWater."VendingmachinesareamainstayofJapaneseculture.Thereareover5.5millioninthecountry—oneforevery23people,thehighestratiointheworld.They'reubiquitousandalmostalwaysoutdoors,makingthemimmediatelystandouttoanyonevisitingJapan.Theysellnearlyeverything—includingsomeratherpeculiaritems. Atnight,ratherthanswitchingoff,themachinescometolifewithvibrantcolorsandbrightlights.PhotographerEijiOhashihasspentyearsphotographingthemacrossJapaninthedeadofthenight,andnowhehasbroughttheimagestogetherinabooktitled"RoadsideLights.u"Istartedthisprojectnineyearsago,whenInoticedashinyvendingmachinenearmyhomeasIwascomingbackfrommynightshift,"hesaidinanemailinterview."Atthetime,IwaslivinginatowninthenorthofJapanthatwouldgethitbyterribleblizzardsduringthewintermonths.I'ddrivemycarin(these)conditionsandusethelightofthevendingmachinestoguideme.”Japaneseculturehasanappreciationforprocess.Signsexplaininghowtoqueue,howtogetahaircutorhowtousethetoiletarepostedeverywhere.(3)Theirmechanismonlyallowsonepossiblecourseofaction.Likesmartphones,theyprovideashieldfrompersonalinteractions.Theyarealsoingrainedintradition:Inruralareas,atthesideoftheroad,it'sstillpossibletofindunmannedwoodenstallswherefarmersplacefruit,vegetablesandothergoodswhichcanbepurchasedbyleavingthecorrectamountofcash.(4)Similarly,vendingmachinesinJapanarerarelyrobbedorvandalized.Infact,theyarewelltakencareof,meaningthattheyalwayswork-whichfurthercontributestocustomersatisfaction.ForOhashi,thisisoneofthereasonsbehindtheirpopularity.Identicaleverywhere,thevendingmachinesmaybringsomesenseofcomforttothosewhotraveltodifferentpartsofthecountry,Ohashisuggests:"Iwantedtocapturethestandardizedformofthevendingmachines.Ithoughtyoucouldseethedifferencesbetweentheregionsthroughthesceneryaroundthem."Ohashi*sphotographsconveyasenseoflonelinessbyshowingthemachinesinremotelocationsatnight.HIthinkinsomewaysI'mcomparingmodern-daypeopletovendingmachines.Inourdailylives,wearealsolikevendingmachinesthatcanwithstandblizzardsbutultimatelygounrewarded.',【答案】FBDA【分析】.根据"Theysellnearlyeverything—includingsomeratherpeculiaritems”选出答案F。.答案B是本段的主旨句，根据后面的内容推出。.前文说“日本文化对过程有欣赏力。到处都贴着说明如何排队、如何理发或如何使用厕所的标志。”所以选择D”因此，自动售货机提供了确定性。”.Similarly表示其前面的句子和后面的句子意思表达的内容相似，所以根据similarly后面的句子推出选择Ao2.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonesentencemorethanyouneed.Supportersofthemeasurearguethathuntersneedthemtoprotecttheirhearing.Theideawould,atbest,placetheconvenienceofgunownersoverthesafetyofthepublic.Silencersdon'tactuallysilencegunshotsinthewaytheyYeportrayedinmovies,buttheydolowerthesound.However,thesearehardlytheencouragingcallsforchangethatoughttohappen.Inguncontrol,USdoesamuchworsejobthanEurope,whereitissostrictthateventerrorists工Butyouhavetogivegunlobbyists(游说者)credit.They'vecomeupwithsomenewideasandfoundfriendsinCongresstopromotethem,evenasthenationisindeepsadnessduetothe58peoplekilledatamusicfestivalinLasVegas.Atthetopofthewishlist:apushtomakeiteasiertobuygunsilencers.(1).Atworst,theywouldputinnocentpeopleandpoliceofficersingraverdanger.Thechangesaretucked(塞)intoameasurecalledtheSportsmen'sHeritageandRecreationalEnhancement(SHARE)Act.Theseeminglyharmlesstitletriestohideitsmostcontroversialcontent.Theproposalgettingthemostattentionisamovetomakeiteasiertobuysilencers.(2).Butwhenopponentsarguethatsilencerswillmakeithardertoheargunshots,thosesamesupportersinsistitisn'tso.Sorry,buttheycan*thaveitbothways.Silencershavebeenavailabletohuntersandothersunderthecurrentlawsince1934.ButtheNationalRifleAssociationthinksittakestoomuchtroubletobuyone.Buyersmustpassacriminalbackgroundcheck,turnovertheirfingerprintstothegovernment,andpaya$200fee.Silencersareregistered,andtransfersaretracked.(3).TwodaysaftertheLasVegasmassacre(屠杀)，agroupofHouseDemocratscalledonHouseSpeakerPaulRyantoensurethattheSHAREmeasurewon'tbetakenupbytheHouse.ButthebestRyancouldknowwas,"Idon'tknowwhenit'sgoingtobescheduled.^^RyanandotherRepublicanswhohaveopposedeverypreviousefforttopassgunmeasuressaidthisweekthey'dconsiderbanning“bumpstocks,'1anextrapieceofequipmenttheLasVegasshooterusedtomakehissemi-automaticweaponevenmoredangerous.Also,theNRAtalkedfavorablyabout"additionalregulations"butnotanewlaw.(4).ControllinggunviolenceshouldbeatthetopofCongress'agenda.Instead,accordingtothegunlobby'sdemand,itislookingatweakeningexistingrestrictions.Thatispathetic.【答案】BAFD【分析】I根据第二段第三句Atworst,theywouldputinnocentpeopleandpoliceofficersingraverdanger.不难看出Atworst和选项B的Theideawould,atbest,placetheconvenienceofgunownersoverthesafetyofthepublic的atbest相对比，故选B。.根据第三段第五句Butwhenopponentsarguethatsilencerswillmakeithardertoheargunshots,thosesamesupportersinsistitisn'tso.得知Butwhenopponentsargue与选项A.Supportersofthemeasurearguethathuntersneedthemtoprotecttheirhearing中Supportersofthemeasureargue形成对比，故选Ao.根据第四段ButtheNationalRifleAssociationthinksittakestoomuchtroubletobuyone.Buyersmustpassacriminalbackgroundcheck,turnovertheirfingerprintstothegovernment,andpaya$200fee.Silencersareregistered,andtransfersaretracked.得知由于国家对枪支管控很严，不仅需要查犯罪背景记录，向政府提交指纹，支付200美元费用，还得登记和被追踪。而现在呼吁放宽枪支购买，无疑会让枪支容易落入犯罪分子手中。故选F。.根据第/工段RyanandotherRepublicanswhohaveopposedeverypreviousefforttopassgunmeasuressaidthisweekthey'dconsiderbanningnbumpstocks,"anextrapieceofequipmenttheLasVegasshooterusedtomakehissemi-automaticweaponevenmoredangerous.Also,theNRAtalkedfavorablyabout''additionalregulations*'butnotanewlaw..得知反对通过枪支控制法的Ryan和其他的共和党人，本周也发表看法禁用半自动步枪改造装置，这些无疑都不是鼓励枪支放松使用的做法。故选D。3.Directions:ReadthefollowingtextandchoosethemostsuitableheadingfromA-Fforeachparagraph.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneed._44—NewYork—theStatueofLiberty（自由女神像），theskyscrapers（摩天大楼），thebeautifulshopsonFifthAvenueandthemanytheatersonBroadway.ThisisAmerica'scultural（文化的）capital.Itisalsoherbiggestcity,withapopulationofnearly8million.Inthesummeritishot,hot,hotandinthewinteritcanbeverycold.Stilltherearehundredsofthingstodoandseealltheyearround.45―Manhattanistherealcenterofthecity.Whenpeoplesay“NewYorkCity,“theyusuallymeanManhattan.Mostoftheinterestingshops,buildingsandmuseumsarehere.Inaddition,ManhattanisthesceneofNewYork'sbusynightlife.In1605thefirstEuropeanscametoManhattanfromHolland.TheyboughttheislandfromtheNativeAmericansforafewglassnecklacesworthabout$26today.46―WallstreetinManhattanisthefinancialheartoftheUSA.Itisalsothemostimportantbankingcenterintheworld.Itisastreetof'skyscrapers/Thesearehighbuildings,whichAmericansinvented,andbuiltfasterandhigherthananyoneelse.47―Likeeverybigcity,NewYorkhasitsowntrafficsystem.Trafficjamscanbeterrible.It'susuallyquickesttogobysubway.TheNewYorksubwayiseasytouseandquitecheap.ThesubwaygoestoalmosteverycomerofManhattan.Butitisnotsafetotakethesubwaylateatnightbecauseinsomeplacesyoucouldgetrobbed.NewYorkbusesarealsoeasytouse.Youseemoreifyougobybus.Therearemorethan30,000taxisinNewYork.Theyareeasytosee,becausetheyarebrightyellowandcarrylargeTAXIsigns.Taxisdonotgooutsidethecity.However,theywillgototheairports.Inadditiontothetaxifare,peoplegivethetaxidriveratipof15percentofthefare'svalue.48.CentralParkisabeautifulgreenoasis（绿洲）inthemiddleofNewYork'sconcrete（混凝土）desert.Itissurprisinglybig,withlakesandwoods,aswellasorganizedrecreationareas.NewYorkersloveCentralPark,andtheyuseitallthetime.Inthewinter,theygoice-skating,andinthesummerroller-skating.Theyplayball,ridehorsesandhavepicnics.Theygobicyclingandboating.Thereisevenachildren'szoo,withwildbirdsandanimals.TheFinancialCenterofUSAAmericanbiggestcitiesandculturecenterTheTrafficFacilitiesofNewYorkManhattan,realcenterofNewYorkCityNewYork-AnInternationalCityCentralPark一APlaceofRecreationfortheNewYorkers【答案】44.B45.D46.A47.C48.F【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了美国几座大城市。纽约是美国最大的城市和文化中心，曼哈顿的华尔街是美国的金融中心，纽约的交通设施以及中央公园是纽约人的娱乐场所【44题详解】考查综合分析概括能力。根据空格下面•段中的“ThisisAmerica飞cultural（文化的）capital.Itisalsoherbiggestcity,withapopulationofnearly8million.”可知，纽约是美国的文化之都。这也是她最大的城市。由此可推断出B.Americanbiggestcitiesandculturecenter（美国最大的城市和文化中心）为本段的标题，故选Bo[45题详解】考查综合分析概括能力。根据空格下面一段中的第一句"Manhattanistherealcenterofthecity.Whenpeoplesay**NewYorkCityjtheyusuallymeanManhattan.”曼哈顿是这个城市真正的中心。当人们说“纽约市'’时，通常是指曼哈顿。可知，曼哈顿是纽约真正的中心。选项D.Manhattan,realcenterofNewYorkCity（曼哈顿，纽约真正的中心）是为本段的标题。故选D。【46题详解】考查综合分析概括能力。根据空格后面-段中的“WallstreetinManhattanisthefinancialheartoftheUSA.Itisalsothemostimportantbankingcenterintheworld."曼哈顿的华尔街是美国的金融中心。可知，A.TheFinancialCenterofUSA（美国金融中心）为本段的标题，故选A。【47题详解】考查综合分析概括能力。根据空格后面一段中的“Likeeverybigcity,NewYorkhasitsowntrafficsystem.Trafficjamscanbeterrible.”像每个大城市一样，纽约有自己的交通系统。以及下文中“TheNewYorksubway...yougobybus.Therearcmorethan30,000taxis theywillgototheairports.”提到纽约的地铁、公交、出租车和飞机…。可知本段中涉及到了纽约的交通设施。可知C.TheTrafficFacilitiesofNewYork（纽约的交通设施）为本段的标题，故选C。【48题详解】考查综合分析概括能力。根据空格后面一段中的“CentralParkisabeautifulgreenoasis（绿洲.…Itissurprisinglybig,withlakesandwoods,aswellasorganizedrecreationareas.NewYorkersloveCentralPark,andtheyuseitallthetime.Inthewinter,theygoice-skating,andinthesummerroller-skating.Theyplayball,ridehorsesandhavepicnics.Theygobicyclingandboating.Thereisevenachildren'szoo,withwildbirdsandanimals.M中央公园是纽约的一个美丽的绿色绿洲。它令人惊讶地大，有湖泊和森林，以及有组织的娱乐场所。纽约人喜欢中央公园，而且他们一直在使用它。冬天他们去滑冰，夏天他们去滑旱冰。他们打球，骑马，野餐。他们骑自行车和划船。这里甚至还有一个儿童动物园，里面有野生鸟类和动物。由此可知，中央公园是纽约人的娱乐场所。故F.CentralPark—APlaceofRecreationfortheNewYorkers（中央公园是纽约人的娱乐场所）为本段的标题。故选F。4.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair.“36Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.37Iftheairyou'rebreathingisclean—whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife-givingenergizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmusclesandyourbrain.Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing.38Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood.Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.40Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD-butstillprotectyourskin-putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat'splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthofVitaminD.Freshaircleansourlungs.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociatefreshairwithhealthcare.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.【答案】36.D 37.A38.F39.B40.C【解析】【分析】短文讲了新鲜空气的重要性，详细地介绍了新鲜空气对人的身体和精神的帮助，及其如何获得新鲜的空气。【36题详解】根据下句"Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.”可知，根据最新研究，如果你宿营区域空气质量好，答案是肯定，由此推断，此

处应为类似于“呼吸新鲜空气真的有好处吗？”这样的一般疑问句。选项D“但是新鲜空气真的像你妈妈说的那样对你有好处吗？“符合语境。故选D.【37题详解】根据下句"Iftheairyou'rebreathingisclean-whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities-thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.“可知,如果你呼吸的空气是干净的，如果你远离城市的烟雾，那么空气中就充满了给予生命的能量氧气。由此可推断，此处是说新鲜空气的好处，选项A“新鲜空气能清洁我们的肺.”符合语境。故选A。【38题详解】根据下句"Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.”可知,在这些地方，病人在康复期间可以走进自然。由此可推断，此处是说人们开始建造一些利于病人康复的地方，选项F“在全国各地，康复中心已经开始建设康复花园。”符合语境。故选F。【39题详解】根据上句"Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.“可知，看到窗外树枝的医院病人可能比看到建筑物或天空的病人恢复得更快。这是说绿色植物对病人的好处。选项B“亲近大自然让我们精神焕发。’'符合语境。故选B。40题详解】根据下句"Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.”可知，虽然太阳光线会老化并伤害我们的皮肤，但它们也会给我们提供有益的维生素D。由此可推断，此处说的是阳光对人体的好处，选项C“获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。”符合语境。故选C。Youkeephearingaboutrecycling,right?Butitdoesn'tendwithbottles,cans,andpaper.Clothingtakesahugeamountofnaturalresources(资源)tomake,andbuyingloadsofnewclothing(orthrowingoutoldclothing)isnothealthyfortheenvironment.Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-themclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor?16.It'sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.

Asuccessfulswapdependsontheselectionofclothes,theorganizationoftheevent,and,obviously,howmuchfunishad.It'sreallyeasytodo!Hereareafewpointers.Invite5—10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.17,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.18.Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir"new"clotheshome.Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.19.Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.Oneofthegroundrulesoftheswapshouldbethateveryonemusttryontheclothesbeforetheytakethem-thingsalwayslookdifferentwhenyouputthemon.Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay"go,"orturnonacertainsong,orwhatever.20.Anddon*tforgettoputoutsomecookiesandfruits.Remember,it'saparty!LesspeoplethanthatHoldaclothingswapIftwopeoplearecompetingJustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutDonatewhateverclothesareleftoverFHaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition【答案】16.B17.A18.G19.F20.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对，以及一些具体的流程。【16题详解】根据上文“Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-youYe-maybe-little-sick-of-themclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor?（那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧