动词不定式用法与专项练习

旦空地动词不定式：to+do或do动词不定式由to+动词原形组成，是动词的一种非谓语形式。它可以带宾语，构成动词不定式短语，在句子中起名词、形容词和副词的作用，因此在句中可充当谓语以外的任何成分，即主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、主补和同谓语。动词不定在句中的语法功能（1）动词不定式（短语）作主语Toloveistobeloved.爱别人就是被人爱。Toteachistogive.教书就是奉献。注意：1）在口语中，动词不定式作主语时常用形式主语it,而真正的主语则被置于句子后部。Italwayspaystobehonest.老实不吃亏。Itisofgreatimportancetosolvethehousingproblem.侣昆决住房「可题是彳艮重要白勺。Itwilltakemethreehourstodothisjob.干这个工作我花了三个小时。2）假如动词不定式要带逻辑主语，则需用介词of或for来引导。It'sgoodformetohaveatalkwithyou.我很高兴和你交谈。ItisreallyimportantforstudentstolearnEnglishwell.对学生们来说，学好英语很重要。Itispossibleforallnationstounitetogetridoftheterrorists.所有国家携手铲除恐怖分子，这是可以做到的。ItisstupidofJohntohelpsuchashamelessgirl.约翰真傻，竟去帮助这样一个无耻的女孩。Itiscruelofmantokillanimalsinsuchacasualmanner.人类如此随便地屠杀动物，真是残忍。It'sunfairoftheteachertosingle（vt.挑选）LiMingoutforpraise.老师单挑李民来表扬是不公平的。能用于介词of结构的形容词有:good,nice,kind,bad,cruel,wicked,clever,bright,wise,silly,foolish,stupid,selfless,sensible,selfish,insensible,polite,fair,generous,rude,unfair,mean等。这些形容词主要表示做这件事的人的品格或素质。能用于介词for结构的形容词有:important,necessary,impossible,better,worse,easy,difficultheavy,light等。3）在疑问句或感叹句中，要用it来作主语.Isitworthourwhiletoholdsuchalongmeeting?值得我们开这样长时间的会吗？Whatgoodnewsitisformetohearthatmybrotherhasgothisvisa（［'viz?］n.签证）toAmerica!对我来说，听到弟弟拿到去美国的签证该是多好的消息啊！（2）动词不定式（短语）作宾语Iwillleaveittoyoutomakethefinaldecision.我将由你来做最后的决定。Shedecidedtoquitherjobatlast.最后，她决定辞职。Ihopetoseeyousoon.我希望很快见到你。注意：1）在以下这些动词后面只能跟动词不定式（短语）作宾语:afford,agree,aim,ask,claim,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,hope,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,resolve,threaten,wish,want等。然而以下动词后面既可跟动词不定式（短语）又可跟动名词（短语），但意思有的有差另U,有的相同：attempt,begin,continue,deserve,disdain（［d?s'dein］vt.不屑）,dread,endure,fear,forget,hate,help,intend,learn,like,love,mean,need,neglect,omit（［?u'mit］vt.遗漏；省田各；删去）,prefer,proceed（［pr?'si:d］开女台，着手，出发［+to-v］）,propose,regret,remember,start,begin,try,want等。Hedisdainsgoingtothecinema.他不屑于去看电影。Hedisdainstositwithpeoplelikeus.他不屑与我们这等人同席而坐。Heneglectedtowriteandsay'Thankyou.'他因疏忽而未写信道谢。Don'tneglectwritingtoyourmother.另U忘了给你母亲写信。2）在should（would）like,love,prefer等之后必须用动词不定式（短语）。I'dliketogiveyouabighand.我想用掌声欢迎您。I'dlovetocometoChinaagainsomeday我愿意来日再访中国。3）在下列及物动词后一般可跟”疑问词+动词不定式短语":advise,ask,decide,findout,instruct,know,forget,imagine,learn,observe,remember,tell,think,understand,wonder等。Idon'tknowwhattodo.我不知道该怎么力、。Thechildrenarelearninghowtoplaythegame.孩子们在学做游戏。（3）动词不定式（短语）作表语ThemostimportantthingfortheUnitedstatestodonowistorescuethewounded.现在，对美国来说，最重要白勺是抢救伤员。注意：1）动词不定式（短语）作表语，可用主动形式表示被动含义的结构有toblame,tolet.Whoistoblame?谁该受到责备？Thehouseistolet.该房屋出租。Suspectsarestilltofindout.凶手还有待查明。2）beto含有按计划，按排命令将做的事或应该，可能，注定将发生的事。Wearetomeetonceaweek.我们按计划将一个月碰一次头。（安排）Whenistheexaminationtobeheld?考试按规定什么时候举行？（计划或规定）Youaretocomeatonce.你得按指令马上来。（命令）Whatistobedone?应该怎么办？（应该）Thekeyisnowheretobefound.哪儿也找不到钥匙。（可能）AmInevertoseeheragain?难道我就永远见不到她了吗？（注定）（4）动词不定式（短语）作宾语补足语或在被动语态中作主语补足语宾语与其宾补或主语与其主补形成逻辑上的主谓关系。We'dloveyoutogiveusahand.我们想让你帮个忙。Hewasmadetorepairthebrokenchair.要他修理弄坏的椅子。Shewasseentodrawawonderfulpicture.有人见她作了幅美丽的画儿。注意：1）在一些动词后，用作宾语补语的动词不定式符号to要省略掉。这类动词包括感官动词以及使役动词，如feel,spot,lookat,listento,observe,see,hear,watch,notice,have,make,let等。但如果句子为被动语态，动词不定式（短语）为主补时，要带to（let除外）。Iheardhersingasonginthenextroomyesterday.我昨天听见她在隔壁唱过一首歌。旦空地（Shewasheardtosingasonginthenextroomyesterday.）IhadJohnfixmybike.我让约翰修理我的自行车。Theboywasmadetogotobedearly.这男孩被迫早上床睡觉。Shewasseentowalkintotheclassroomwithabookunderherarm.有人看见她胳臂下夹着一本书走进了教室。2）有些动词后面的宾语*卜语常是tobe,这样的动词有:believe,consider,declare,find,imagine,know,prove,suppose,understand等。Iwillconsiderhimtobeanhonestman.我会认为他是一个诚实白勺人。Shewasbelievedtobeinnocent.大家者K木目信她是清白白勺。3）下列动词后不能跟”名词或代词+动词不定式”结构admit,confess,demand,explain,hope,propose,suggest等。Mymothersuggestedthatwe（should）finishourhomeworkbeforewatchingTV.妈妈建议我们做完作业后才看电视。（不能说MymothersuggestedustofinishourhomeworkbeforewatchingTV）Ihopedthatthebuswouldcomeearly.我希望公共汽车能快点来。（不能说Ihopedthebustocomeearly.但可以说Ihopeforthebustocomeearly.类似结构有waitforsb.todo；arrangeforsb.todo等）（5）动词不定式（短语）作定语：动词不定式（短语）作定语需后置。与所修饰的词有主谓或动宾关系。Whenthequestionwasout,hewasthefirstonetoraisehishand.问题一提出，他第一个举起手。Thisterroristattackisalessontoremember.这次恐怖袭击事件是个应该记取的教训。IamafraidIcannotattendyourparty,forIhavetoomanythingstodo.恐怕我不能参加你的晚会了，因为我有好多事情要做。1）当被修饰的是不定代词如everything,anything,much,little等，或被修饰的名词前被形容词最高级，序数词，theonly等强调结构修饰时，非谓语动词作定语则只能用动词不定式。Hewasthelasttorealizetheimportanceofthisproblem.他没有及H寸意识至U问题的重要T生。2）如被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语，且动词不定式的动词是不及物动词，则后面需跟成为搭配的介词。Whoisthemantotalkto?要谈话的人是谁？Heisatoughteachertodealwith.他是个很难对付的老师。Ineedapentowritewith.我需要一支笔写字（6）动词不定式（短语）作状语动词不定式（短语）作状语可以表示目的，结果，原因等。▲目的状语Thewholefamilycameouttoseemyperformance.全家人出来看我表演。Hecalledtosaygoodbye.他打电话来道另U。注意：如要表示强调，可以把动词不定式（短语）置于句首，前面加上inorder，但不能用soa品否定必须用inordernot+动词不定式（短语）或soasnot+动词不定式（短语），不能用not+动词不定式（短语）。Inordertocatchthefirstbus,wehavetogetupearly.为了赶上早班车,我们只得早起。Let'shurrysoasnottobelateforclass.咱们快点，免得上课迟至1J。▲结果状语Werushedtotherailwaystationonlytofind（表示出乎意料）thetrainhadjustleft.我们匆匆赶到火车站，结果发现火车刚刚离开了。Hestudiedhardonlytofail.他学习很努力,但却没及格。ShewenttoSouthChinafiveyearsago,nevertoreturn.她五年前去了华南，结果从未返回。注意：1）so•••asto••-,such-asto…，enoug矽totoo••-to等结构中的动词不定式（短语）都表示结果。Thisbasketplayerissotallandstrongastobelikeagiant.这个篮球运动员又高又壮，就像一个巨人。Herintensefeelingsaresuchastomovethepresentintotears.她的感情如此之切，使在场的人都流下了眼泪。Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.他搬起石头，结果却砸了自己的脚。Iamtootiredtomove.我太累了，竟无法走动。2）在too••-to结构中，若too后面的形容词为ready,eager,easy,inclined,anxious,apt,willing,glad,pleased等词时，动词不定式（短语）不再含否定的意思。too在此可以被理解为very的意思。在too・・・to…的变体only/but/alltoo••-to•••;can't（cannever）betoo••-to…；notto••中，句子不再含否定的意思。Sheistooreadytohelp.她极其乐于帮助别人。Iamtoopleasedtoseeyouagain.又见到你，我简直太高兴了。Wearetooapttooverlookourownfaults.我们很容易忽视自身的错误。Iamonlytoodelightedtoacceptthegift.我非常高兴接受这件礼物。Youknowbuttoowelltoholdyourtongue.你深知保持缄默的好。That'sonlytootrue.那是千真万确的。▲原因状语动词不定式（短语）常跟在一些形容词后面，说明产生这些情绪的原因。这类形容词有：happy,ashamed,surprised,grieved,frightened,sorry,glad,delighted,eager,disappointed,right,excited,ready,clever,bored等。Iamsorrytointerruptyou.对不起，要打扰你了。Thefatherwassurprisedtolearnthathissonspentmoneylikewater.得知儿子花钱如流水，父亲感至V彳艮吃惊。Wewillbeveryhappytoworkonthisprojectwithyou.和您一起合作这个项目，我们感到很高兴。（7）动词不定式（短语）作独立成分动词不定式（短语）可以用来作句子的独立成分。这些短语有：tobeginwith（首先），totellthetruth（truthtotell）（说实在的），tomakealongstoryshort（长话短说）,sotospeak（可以这么说）,tobebrief（简言之）,tobeexact（确切地说）,tobefrank（坦率地说）,todosb.justice（说句公道话），toconclude（总而言之）等。Tobeginwith,I'dliketointroducemyselftoyouall.首先，我想给你们作一下自我介绍。Hehasalready,sotospeak,beenalivingdead.他可以说已经是一具行尸走肉了。旦空地Tobefrankwithyou,Idon'tloveyouanymore.老实对你说吧，我已经不再爱你了。Toconclude,energyisexhaustible,sowehavetopreserveitforourfuturegenerations.总而言之，能量并不是用之不竭的，因此我们必须为后代保留一些。动词不定式(短语)作同位语，说明被修饰名词的具体内容Myhope,tobeadoctor,hasbeenrealized.我当医生的梦想已经实现了。Hiswish,tolandonthemoon,willhardlycometrue.他登上月球的愿望彳艮难成真。动词不定式的省略(1)动词不定式省略to的各种用法▲在感官动词和使役的动词后面作宾补。(请参阅4)▲在donothing(anything/everything)but(except)后面Wecandonothingbutwait.除了等待，我们别无他法。Shecandoeverythingbutdance.除了不会跳舞，她什么都行。▲在and,or,than后面当几个动词不定式具有同样的功能，由and,or,than连接，则to只用于第一个不定式之前。Ifyouwanttoearnalotofmoneyandliveabetterlife,youhavetoworkharder.假如你想多赚钱，过上好日子，你就得更加努力地工作。Doyouwanttogoshoppingorgofishing?你想去购物还是去钓鱼？Itisbettertogofishingthangoshopping.钓鱼上匕购物好。在why,whynot后面当why,whynot表示建议时，后面的动词不定式省去to。Whynotcomeandseeme?何不到我这儿来？Whygetupsoearly?为何起的这么早？▲在下面这些短语后面时，动词不定式省去to.ratherthan;wouldrather••-than;wouldsooner••-than;hadbetter;can't(couldn't)help^;can'tbutI'dliketostayathomeratherthangotoschool.我宁愿呆在家里，也不愿去上学。Hewouldratherdiethangivein.他宁死不屈。We'dbetterstoparguing.我们最好不要争执了。Mostpeoplewouldsoonertakeupajobathomethantrytheirluckabroadnow.如今，好多人宁愿在国内工作也不愿去国外碰运气。Wecan'thelpbutgohomeonfoot.我们没法子，只能步行回家。主语是由what引导的主语从句或由all或the(mostimportant)thing+定语从句构成，而从句中的谓语动词是do(did,does)时，作表语的动词不定式(短语)是解释do(did,does)的具体内容，则引导动词不定式的to可省去。ThemostimportantthingIshoulddois(to)findajob.对我来说眼下最要紧的是找份工作。Whathemustdonowis(to)apologizetohisteacherforbeinglate.他现在必须做的是因迟到而向老师道歉。AllIcandois(to)cry.除了哭，我别无法子。▲在makedowith(设法应付),makebelieve(假装),letgoof(放开,解雇),heartellof(听到),gohang(不再被关心，不管，见鬼去)等固定搭配中动词不定式不用toWehavetomakedowiththesecondbest.我们只得将就地使用二手货。Wecan'tletthingsgohang.我们不能任其自然。Hemadebelieveheknewnothingaboutit.他彳段装对此事——无所知。"Letgoofmyhand."thegirlshouted.那女孩大喊道："放开我的手。"I'veoftenheardtellofthewonderfulperformancehegives,butI'veneverseenthem.我经常听人说到他的演出很好，但我从未见过他表演。(2)动词不定式中原形动词的省略为避免重复，有时可用不定式的符号to来代表动词不定式。-Wouldyouliketohavesomecoffee?您要来点咖啡吗？-Yes,I'dliketo.好的，来一点。Ifyoudon'twanttobuyit,youdon'tneedto.假如你不想买的话，你就不要买。注意：可以这样省略主要动词的动词不定式结构有：hopeto,agreeto,bewillingto,wantto,refuseto,failto,manageto,wouldliketo,offerto等。动词不定式的否定式动词不定式的否定结构由not或never加动词不定式(短语)构成。Wedecidednottogothere.我们决定不去那儿了。Iwishednevertoseehimagain.我希望永不再见到她。Thebackgroundmusicinanassemblylineisdesignednottobelistenedto.流水线里的背景音乐不是供人欣赏的。动词不定式的主动语态表示被动的情况▲主语+系动词+表语+动词不定式当作表语的某些形容词被动词不定式修饰时，动词不定式与句子主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，动词不定式可以用主动式代替被动式。Thisproblemisdifficulttosolve.这个问题很难解决。Thatnoveliseasytoread.那本小说较容易读。可以这样用的形容词有:fine,hard,heavy,important,nice,painful,pleasant,possible,safe,simple,strange,difficult,easy,expensive,dangerous,convenient等there+be句型中在therebe句型中，动词不定式用主动式来表示被动的含义。Therearealotofpeople(forme)tovisit.有好多人要拜访。Thereismuchworktodo.有许多工作要做。旦空地have+宾语+动词不定式作定语结构中当have表示”有"，而动词不定式与宾语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，并且句子的主语是动词不定式动作的执行者时，动词不定式一般用主动式。Ihavealotofmeetingstoattendthisweek.本周我有许多会议要参加。Hehasmanythingstodo.他有好多事要做。在too••-to•••,enoughto吉构中，动词不定式总是用主动语态。Thisessayistoodifficulttoread.这篇文章彳艮难读。Thisproblemiseasyenoughtodealwith.这个问题处理起来彳艮简单。动词不定式的时态和语态时态：▲动词不定式的一般式动词不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生或将在其后发生的。Theyarelearningtosinganddance他们在学习歌舞。WehavetogetsomemoneytobuyaTVset.我们得赚些钱来买台电视机。▲动词不定式的进行式动词不定式的进行式表示的动作是与谓语动词的动作同时发生的，而且正在进行中。该结构也常与always,constantly,rapidly,fast,slowly等副词连用。Theweatherseemstobeimproving.天气彳以乎在好转。Heseemedalwaystobewashinghishands.他好象老是在洗手。Comeon,it'stimetobemakingfor（前往，走向）school.好了，是上学的时候了。▲动词不定式的完成式动词不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语的动作之前。Iampleasedtohaveseenyou.见至U了你，我彳艮高兴。Hepretendednottohaveseenmewhenpassingbyyesterday.他昨天从我身边经过时彳段装没看至U我。语态：▲动词不定式的被动式Ifeltalittlebitpuzzledtobeaskedsuchaquestion.被问了这样一个问题，我有点迷惑不解。Iwishtobeexcused.我请求原谅。Thisbookisintendedtobereadbutnottobestoredaway.这本书是供人阅读而不是收藏的。Thisinfectiousdiseaseissaidtohavebeenwipedoutmanyyearsago.这种传染病据说好多年前就已经灭绝了。Helenhadtoshoutabovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard*ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepicturesinyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.forming*D.havingformedThemaninsistedataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.findB.tofindC.onfinding*D.infindingTheoldman,abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworked*Youweresillynotyourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelocked*C.lockingD.havinglockedDon'tleavethewaterwhileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.running*C.beingrunD.torunWhenflint（电石）tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingB.introduced*C.introduceD.beingintroduced"Wecan'tgooutinthisweather,"saidBob,outofthewindow.A.looking*B.tolookC.lookedD.havinglookedMyadvisorencouragedasummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake*10.inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.Havingwaited*D.TohavewaitedLindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,as3M.A.knowingB.known*C.beingknownD.tobeknownSarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyoucan'thavetimetobeforetheparty.A.getchanged*B.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochangebythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtostayanothertwodaysoffthefarm.A.AttractingB.Attracted*C.TobeattractedD.HavingattractedIdon'tknowwhetheryouhappenthatI'mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard*Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlythefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetold*C.tellingD.toldHavingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtimetheexam.A.passB.topassC.passedD.passing*withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesn'tseembigatall.A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared*theprogram,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.Nothavingcompleted*D.Havingnotcompleted旦空地Ifyouareplanningtospendyourmoneyhavingfunthisweek,betterit—you'vegotsomebigbillscoming.A.forget*B.forgotC.forgettingD.toforgetAccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweekTV.A.towatchB.towatchingC.watching*D.watchThefluisbelievedbyvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.A.causeB.beingcausedC.tobecaused*D.tohavecausedTheflowerssweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smelling*C.smeltD.tobesmeltThedisc,digitallyinthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.recorded*B.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecordedHavingbeenattackedbyterrorists,.A.doctorscametotheirrescuethetallbuildingcollapsed*C.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotouristsRobertissaidabroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudied*B.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingThemanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseethenextyear.A.carriedout*B.carryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryoutI'veworkedwithchildbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpect*C.tobeexpectingD.expectsuchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.Havingsuffered*B.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedHavingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremainswhethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseen*C.seeingD.seenTheresearchissodesignedthatoncenothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun*ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithit*D.todowhatwithitAcookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundinthekitchen.A.smokeB.smoking*C.tosmokeD.smokedI'mgoingtothesuperketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything?A.tobebuyingB.tobuy*C.forbuyingD.boughtThepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremainastheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seated*D.tobeseatingVictorapologizedfortoinformmeofthechangeintheplan.A.hisbeingnotableB.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingable*D.himtobenotableSuddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriagethegirlandtookheraway,intothewoods.A.seizing,disappearedB.seized,disappearedC.seizing,disappearingD.seized,disappearing*Key:DCCDB6.BBADC11.BABDB16.DDCAC21.CBABA26.ABABD31.CBBCCD【答案解析】D.因为Hellen要使自己讲的话被别人听到，所以要用过去分词作宾补，即：makeherselfheard；又因为makeherselfheard是shout的目的，所以用不定式。C.form表示出现、产生”，是不及物动词，又因为pictures与form是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。C.因为insist后要么接that从句，要么接onsth.或ondoingsth.，没有别的接法，所以选C。insistondoing坚持要做某事。D.因workabroadfortwentyyears发生在谓语动作（返回祖国）之前，所以用现在分词的完成式。B.因为现在分词作状语只能修饰谓语，而不定式作状语，既可修饰谓语又可修修饰形容词或副词，此处修饰形容词silly，要用不定式。又因为没有锁车”发生在谓语之前，所以用完成式。B.因句中的thewater与run是主动关系，故选B。leavesthdoingsth意为使某物一直在做某事”。B.因为flint与introduce（引入）是被动关系，所以用过去分词。A.lookingoutofthewindow为伴随状语。D.因为在encourage,persuade,tell,ask,want,order,force等后要用不定式作宾补。encouragesb.todosth.意为鼓励某人做某事”。C.因等了半个小时”发生在realized之前，故用现在分词的完成式。B.因为the••-company与know是被动关系，所以用过去分词短语作定语，knownas3M=whichwasknownas3M。A.getchanged意为换衣服”。比较：getpaid（获得报酬），getdressed傍衣服）等。B.因为句子主语thegirl与attract是被动关系，所以用过去分词短语作状语，表示原因。D.因为happen后接动词不定式是表示碰巧做某事"；又hear发生在谓语don'tkno此前，所以要用不定式的完成式。句意是：我不知道你是否已经听说过了，今年九月我要去美国学习。B.因为only是提醒我们要用不定式表示结果的一个重要标志词；不定式表示结果，不定式的动作发生在谓语之后；又因为thenewsreporters与tell是被动关系，所以要用不定式的被动式。D.因为haveahardtimedoingsth.与havedifficultydoingsth.相当，意为在做某事方面有困难”。D.因为thebiggestocean与compare是被动关系，所以要用过去分词。Whencomparedwith••-=Whenthebiggestoceaniscompared旦空地with••-=Whenwecomparethebiggestoceanwith••C.首先，非谓语动词的否定式要将not,never等放在非谓语动词的前面，所以不能选D。其次，由于没有完成”与决定再呆两周”有先后关系，故用现在分词的完成式。A.因为口语中youhadbetter常被说成you'dbetter甚至说成better,本句就属这种情况，其后要接不带to的不定式，即：动词原形。C.此题考查spend...（in）doingsth句型。C.因为bebelieved/thought/supposed/said/reported等后要接动词不定式，排除A和B；又因为theflu与cause是被动关系，所以要用不定式的被动式。Thefluisbelievedtobecausedby...=Itisbelieved/Peoplebelievethatthefluiscausedby...B.一是因为发出香味”与吸引游客”是同时发生的，且smell作为连系动词没有被动形式，所以答案选B。A.因为thedisc（唱片）与record（录制）是被动关系，这又是已经发生了的事，所以要用过去分词短语作定语。B.非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。根据句意，受到攻击的应是高楼”，而不是其他，故选BoA。此题考查不定式的完成时。据说他曾到国外留过学”，由studied可知留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作issaid之前，所以要用完成式。A。此句考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句子结构较复杂，句中的that引导一个定语从句，它替代先行词theplan在从句中作see的宾语，theplan与carryout是被动关系，因此，用过去分词作宾补。即seetheplancarriedoutthenextyear.B。此题考查疑问词+不定式在句中作宾语。Iknowwhattoexpectinmynewjob.意为我知道在新工作中期待什么”。A。本句考查现在分词的完成时作状语。句意为遭受如此严重的污染之后，现在净化这条河也许为时已晚了”。有already暗示可知suffer发生在cleanup之前，因此要用现在分词的完成式作状语。B。remain作尚待”解，要接不定式作表语，it是形式主语，指代whethertheywillenjoyit。see与it之间是动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式。itremainstobeseen是习惯用语，意为还要看情况发展”。Do连词+分词”作状语时，其逻辑主语为句子的主语。句子主语与分词的之间是主动关系时用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。theresearch与begin是被动关系，因此用过去分词begun。C。此题的考查目标与NMET2000同。whattodowith为常用搭配结构，意为处置，利用”。句意为据说澳大利亚有太多陆地，政府不知如何利用Bofind后面可以接由其语+现在分词/过去分词/不带to的不定式”构成的复合宾语结构。现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，不定式表示动作已经发生。根据句意如果厨师被发现在厨房吸烟，立即就会被解雇”可知cook与smoke之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。findsb.doingsth意为发现某人正在做某事"。B。考查不定式作定语。不定式作后置定语，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。句意为今下午我要去超级市场，你有东西要买吗？”C。考查过去分词作表语。句意为飞机登陆时，飞行员要求所有飞机上的乘客坐着不动”。remain是系动词，seated作表语，表示状态。C。考查动名词的复合结构作宾语。动名词的复合结构的否定式由名词所有格或物主代词+not+动名词”构成。句意为“Victor没能通知我计划的改变向我道歉"。D。由有句中的and可知第一空所填的动词与took是并列谓语，故用seized;第二空是现在分词短语作伴随状语。句意住那个姑娘并把她带走了，消失在森林里”。动词不定式专题练习Thiscompanywasthefirstportableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.producedThepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,itmoredifficult.A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.nortomakeHelenhadtoshoutabovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheardIdon'tknowwhetheryouhappen,butIamgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.A.tobeheard.B.tobebearingC.tohearD.tohaveheardThenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlythefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.toldYouweresillynotyourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglockedTheteacheraskedussomuchnoise.A.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomakeAnarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedclearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissuedI'ratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmallitis,thanaroomwithsomeoneelse.A.toshareB.tohavesharedC.shareD.sharingThebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaperinbroaddaylightyesterday.A.robbedB.tohavebeenrobbedC.beingrobbedD.havingbeenrobbedAnumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelievedinafire.A.beingdestroyedB.havingbeendestroyedC.tobedestroyedD.tohavebeendestroyedThemeetingnextweekissuretobeagreatsuccess.A.totakeplaceB.tobetakenplaceC.tohavetakenplaceD.beingtakenplaceAsaresultofmylaziness,Ifailedmyworkintime.A.andfinishedB.tofinishC.andfinishingD.tofinishedIamsorrywrittenyoualetteratthetime.A.tohavenotB.tonothaveC.nottohaveD.nothavingWillyoulendhimamagazine?A.tobereadB.forreadingC.toreadD.heread旦空地Hecoulddonothingbutforthebus.A.wait,tocomeB.wait;comeC.waiting;comingD.waited;came17.Itisaproblemthatdoesn'tneedrightnow.A.tosolveB.solvingC.beingsolvedD.tobesolvingThere'samanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeanstrouble.A.makingB.tomakeC.tohavemadeD.havingmadeIrememberhimthebikeneeded.A.hearing,saying,torepairB.tohear,say,torepairC.hearing,say,repairingD.tohear,saying,toberepaired-Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.-Imeant,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tfindheranywhereA.todoB.toC.doingD.doingsoRobertissaidtoabroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyB.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingI'mgongtoXi'annextweek.Haveyouanythingjoaroniis?A.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobeboughttoD.tobuywhenaretheyintheirplan?A.handB.handedC.tohandD.giveInsuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey.A.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurvivedD.willsurviveWhenwehurriedtothestation,therehappenednobusatthattime.A.tohaveB.tobeC.havingD.beingIlostmywayincompletedarknessand,mattersworse,itbegantorain.A.madeB.havingmadeC.makingD.tomakeAttimedoesthesalesgirlgetuplateinthemorning,thoughsheisalwaystoobusyagoodrest.A.no,totakeB.no,takingC.any,totakeD.one,taking--Areyouastudent?--No,butIused.A.tobeB.towasC.todoD.tobeaIstoppedtolisten,andmysonseemedhimselfinthelivingroom.A.toenjoy,toshutB.tobeenjoying,shuttingC.tobeenjoying,shutD.tohaveenjoyed,havingshutWithalotofdifficultproblems,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledWe'releavingatsixo'clock,andhopemostofthejourneybylunchtime.A.todoB.tohavedoneC.tomakeD.tohavemadeThestudyofthewildworldmayhelptomaketheworldeasier.A.understoodB.tobeunderstoodC.tounderstandD.understandWhowillyougettheprojectforus?A.designB.todesignC.designedD.designingItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknow.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithitWearenotallowedoutdoorswithsomeotherchildren.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.toplayD.beplayingAllenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwastocarryallthewayhome.A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuchShefeelssostronglythateachofusshouldhavearoleinmakingtheearthabetterplacetolivein.A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplayingWhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson.A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingittoDoletyourmotherknowallthetruth,sheappearseverything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentoldTherearefivepairs,butI'matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosingTheproblemisdifficultforus.A.so;workoutB.verytoo;tobeworkedoutC.rathertoo,toworkoutD.quitetoo,toworkitout---WhereshouldImyapplication?---Thepersonnelofficeistheplace.A.send;tosenditB.sendfor;tosendittoC.sendfor;forsendingitD.send;tosendittoI'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.expectsD.tobeexpectingIfeelitisyourhusbandwhoforthespoiledchild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblameCanyouimaginethequestionsIhadourteacher?A.askedB.toaskC.askingD.askWhodidyouthewallyesterday?A.havepaintedB.havepaintC.havetopaintD.havepainting---What'sthematterwithJohn?---Hedidn'tpassthetestbuthestill.A.hopessoB.hopestoC.hopeitD.hopethat旦空地Muchattentionshouldbepaidpeople'slivingconditions.A.inimprovingB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimprovingthateveningwasduetohisillhealth.A.HefailedtocomeB.ThathefailedtocomingC.HisfailuretocomeD.HisfailureincomingIwouldlovetothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggoneMyfamilyconsidersacomputer,whichisconsideredagreathelpinourworkandstudy.A.tobuy;tobeB.buying;beingC.tobuy;beingD.buying;tobeWiththeplaneintenminutes,allthepassengersonboardwereaskedtoturnofftheirmobilephones.A.takenoffB.takingoffC.totakeoffD.wouldtakeoffThankyouforallthetroubleyou'vetakenme.A.tohelpB.withtohelpC.inhelpingD.ofhelpingHeisbelievedthecollegeexam,forheisnowstudyingveryhardnow.A.topassB.tohavepassedC.passD.thathecanpass---Willyouhaveanybodytheflowers?——Yes,I'llhavetheflowers.A.plant,plantedB.toplant,plantedC.plant;tobeplantedD.toplant,plantTheyarelookingforwardwithhopefromyousoon.A.tohearingB.ofhearingC.hearingD.tohearBusytranslatingabook,hecouldn'thelphsriieticle.B.writingC.wroteD.writtenZhouLandoesn'thavetobemade.Shealwaysstudiesveryhard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learnedthiscake,you'llneed2eggs,175gsugar,and175gflour.A.Havingmade,B,MakeC.TomakeD.MakingIfeelitanhonourtospeakhere.A.tobeaskedB.toaskC.havingaskedD.asked1-10BCDDBBDACB11-20DABCCABBCB21-30ABCBBDAACC31-40BCBCCABCDB41-50CDBABBBDCB51-60DCAAAAABCAHeissaidtotohiscountrybecauseanewpresidentcomesintopower.A.beallowedtoreturnB.allowtoreturnC.allowreturningD.beallowedreturningHespokeinsuchahighvoiceatthefurtherendoftheroom.A.astobeheardB.tobeheardC.astohearD.tohear---Whywastheofficialmeetingcalled?---newofficers.A.SelectB.SelectingC.ToselectD.TohaveselectInAustralia,hemadealotoffriendsausingpracticalknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguage.A.togetB.getC.gettingD.gotToplayfairisasimportantas.A.toplaywellB.playwellC.weplaywellD.playingwellWeagreed__herebutsofarshehastrturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.eatingC.tomeetD.tohavemetRatherthanonacrowdedbus,healwaysprefersabicycle.A.ride,rideB.riding,rideC.ride,torideD.toride,ridingTheboywanttoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto---Doyouworkinthelabeveryafternoon?---No,butsometimes,IwishI.A.hadtimetoB.hadtimetodoC.havetimetoD.havetimeI'lldowhateverIcanmyEnglish.A.improveB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimprovingCouldyoutellmethewayyou'vethoughtof?A.todoitB.doingitC.doitD.hastodoitHewasoftenlistenedinthenextroom.A.singB.sungC.totosingD.tosingingWouldyoubeshutthewindow?A.enoughkindtoB.kindenoughnottoC.kindenoughtoD.sokindenoughastoDon'ttakethemedicine,itcarnthelp__ridofyourcold.A.gettingB.togetC.togettingD.getsMygrandmotherseemstohavealot__.A.worryaboutB.toworryC.tobeworriedD.toworryaboutEveryminutesismadefullofourlessons.A.touse,studyB.use,studyingC.useful,tostudyD.use,tostudyIwouldlovetothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggoneYoushouldn'altowgamesneartheclassroom,foritstoonoisy.旦空地A.studentplayingB.playC.studentstoplayD.toplayThewaiterwasmade__totheguest.A.apologizeB.apologizingC.toapologizeD.tobeapologizingWhomwouldyourather__thework?A.tohavetodoB.tohavedoC.havetodoD.havedoIhadmeantonyou,butIwassobusy.A.callB.tocallC.callingD.becalling---Doyouoftenhavesomeoneyourclothes?---Yes,Ioftenhavethem.A.wash,towashB.towash,washedC.washed,washD.wash,washedSheactuallyheardaboutit,buthepretended__.A.tohearnotB.nothearingC.tonothearD.nottoPiecesofbambooorwoodbooksbetween2ndand5thcenturyAD.A.usedtoformedB.usedtoformC.wereusedtoformD.usedtobeforming---Whydidyoumovethetableoverthere?---thenewsofa?A.ShareroomwithB.TomakeroomforC.GivenroomforD.SavingroomforAmiddle-agedwomancametothebusstoponlythebushadgone.A.torun,findingB.running,tofindC.andran,foundD.running,findToknowwhatisgoodandaretwodifferentthings.A.knowingwhatiswrongB.dowhatisrightC.todowhatisrightD.doingwhatisrightSmithappearsalongtime.Heisimpatientformyarrival.A.towaitB.tobewaitingC.tohavewaitedD.tohavebeenwaitingOurprofessorhasjustcomebackfromaboard.Heseemshistripverymuch.A.toenjoyB.tohaveenjoyedC.tobeenjoyingD.tohavebeenenjoying---WhyhasJacknotcomeyetnow?Anythingwrongwithhim?---Hedidn'tpassthetestbuthestill.A.hopessoB.hopesthatC.hopestoD.hopesitThehousesarefortheteachersandtheconstructionworkwillstartsoon.A.builtB.tobebuiltC.tobuildD.beingbuilt---Whydidyoucomealongwayround?---IwasafraidnearthefiercedogbecauseIwasafraid.A.ofwalking,tobebittenB.towalk,ofbeingbittenC.towalk,tobebittenD.ofwalking,ofbeingbittenHeissaidinthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.A.tohavebeenbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.beingbadlytreatedD.tobetreatedbadlySomekidswishpeoplewouldn'tkeeponhow,yearsago,childrenweremadefarmorerespecttotheirelders.A.pointout,showB.pointingout,showingC.pointingout,toshowD.topointing,toshowThelastpersonthesinkingshipwasthecaptain.A.leftB.leaveC.toleaveD.tobeleavingThebankisreportedintheeveningnewspaperinboarddaylightyesterday.A.beingrobbingB.toberobbedC.havingbeenrobbedC.tohavebeenrobbed---Whywashefined?---Hehappenedtoseveralflowersinthepark.A.beseenpickB.beseenpickingC.becaughttopickD.catchpicking---Doyouhaveanythingmore,sir?---No,youcanhavearestordosomethingelse.A.typingB.tobetypedC.typedD.totypeDon'tyouthinkthequestiontomorrowisofgreatimportance?A.beingdiscussedB.discussedC.tobediscussedD.todiscussAnotherman-madeearthsatelliteisreportedinBeijingEveningNewsintoorbityesterday.A.tohavebeenputB.tobeputC.tohaveputD.havingbeenput---I'mterriblysorry