教育网成人英语第四网校-基础学习xwyy

第二部分词汇（二lielieinlietosb.对撒liewithlie（ lieswiththedriver.责任应由这个承担liein在于。如：Thedifficultyliesintheirgreatpoverty.在于他们非常贫lay,lain.lie过去式过去分词现在分词lie（）liedliedlie（躺） lainlay（放置）laidlaid[例题]—Whoisresponsibleforsendingout—Mostofthefaultlies thelikelybelikelytodosth.Itislikelythat…很可能probable,possibleprobable可能的概的possibleItisprobablethatthecostwillbegreaterthanwethink.花费很可能比我们料想的要多。possible强调客观上可能性常带有“实际可能性很小”的It’spossible,thoughnotprobable,thathewillaccepttheseterms.Itislikelythat...。如：Itishighlylikelythathewillsucceed.很可能他think（feel,consider）itlikelyIthinkitlikelythatwewillaacertainamountofmoney3）belikelytodosth.。如：Heislikelytoseeyouagainmanyasmanyaspossibleagood/greatmanymanyamanymanymanya后可以加不可数名词，也可以加可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Manyafamouspopstarhasbeenruinedbydrugs.Ihavebeenheremanyatime.我到过这里Motherwenthome.Manyateardidsheshedatnight.numberanumberofthenumberof…的数目anumberofthenumberanumberof如：Anumberofscholarshavedonetheexperiment.许多学者已做了这项实验。thenumberof：Thenumberofstudentsisoffer【用法】offertodo;offersb.offer：aspecialoffer,provideoffer意为“提出提供”，可能是对方要求也可能是自己主动offertohelpsb.表示愿意帮助；offersb.sth./offersth.tosb.提供某物。如：Heofferedmeaglassofwine.他端给我一杯酒。OnSundayshislandladyprovideddinneraswellasbreakfastforhim.newcommodities向市场供应新产品。passpassonsthtopass【例题】Alicewasverysorrytohearthathergrandmotherhad twodaysbrokenpassedgivenpassed；passoff【例题】Ifyoucan’tdothejobyourself, it tosomeonewhopasspass是动词，表示经过，通过。过去时和过去分词passed,passed。如：WhenIpassedthesupermarketyesterday,Isawoneofmyfriends.昨天经过超市的时候看到了一past可以做形容词，表示（时间）过去的；早就过去的。如：I'vebeenillforthepastthreeweeks.past：Thetimeishalfpast4.al个人al个人al,individualal个人的。如：Pleasetakecareofyour albelongings.请保管好你的individualTheindividualchargeis$5.005[例题]Afterthemadeanofficialannouncement,sheexpressed 『答案解析句意总统做了发言后又表达了自己的个人观点 私人的，不公开的；single单一的，唯一的；individual个别的，各自的。pricepaythepriceforhigh/lowpricewhat’stheprice?价格是多少？price,cost也可引为做某事而付出的“代价”。如：Whatapriceshepaidforsavingthechildren!cost常用词组：atthecostof以...为代价；atallcosts（anycost）不惜一切代价。如：Herescuedtheboyfromdrowningatthecostofhisownlife.他救了这孩子expense尤指金钱，也可包括时间，精力等。如：Theybuiltarunwayinashortertimeandatlessexpensethanoriginallyplanned.他们修筑了一条跑道，所用的时间比原计划短[例题]Sheboughtthepaintingatamuchhigherthanitsreal.A.value,priceB.price,valueC.value,valueD.price,principal主要principalprincipal主要的。如：Myprincipalsource eisprinciple原则（名词）。如：Iam ofquestioninquestionbeyondquestion；无可争outof和outoftheoutofquestionoutofthequestion的【例题】Itis toaskMr.Blakeforhelp.Heistoobusy.A.inquestionB.beyondC.outofD.outofthequestion500220110606]respectablerespectfulrespectable：Maryisarespectablemarriedrespective各自的Thetwofriendssaidgoodbyeandwenttheirrespective[例题]Ourattitudetowardourteachersshouldbe [例题]Nooneimaginedthattheapparently businessmanwasreallyacriminal.inreturnininreturninturn[]IgaveJohnapresentbuthegavemenothing inininin为（对…的）报答或（回报）；inturn“依次，轮流”；inadvance“提前，预先”；invain“徒sayv.n.sayotosb. 打招saygoodbyetosb.跟说再见saytooneselfThatistosay.也就是说say,speak,talk和是某种语言等少数几个名词，不能接thatspeakEnglish说英语speakChinesel表示告诉，有时兼含“嘱咐”，“命令”等。lthetruth说真话，la说谎lastory讲故事等为固定搭配l是及物动词，但其后不跟that从句therightfromthewrong，。。[]Thefactthatsheneverapologized alotaboutwhatkindof sheis.，。。sensiblesensible其后常接of介词短语或to介词短语分别表示“知觉察的”和“对…有感觉”的意思。如：Sheissensibleofherings.Heissensiblethathehasmadeagreatmistake.他觉察到自己犯了一个重大错误。Hislefteyeissensibletolight.他的左眼对光线有所感觉。sensitive强调感觉的敏锐激烈，常译为“敏感的”，其后常接介词to短语；它还可指价格，要求等“易拨动的”，仪器等“灵敏（度高）的”等。如：Hisskinwassensitive[]ProfessorSmithisalwaysvery tothereactionoftheaudiencewhenhegiveslectures.『答案解析句意教授时对观众的反应非常敏感sentimental“多情的情深的”；因此，Bsit,seatsitsit,sat,satThebabysitsatthetable.seat：Thebabyisseatedatthesleepsoundlysleep,sleepysleepy是形容词，既可作表语，亦可作定语。用作前者，意为“困乏的”。如：Hewassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyesopen.他瞌睡得很，两只眼睛都快睁不开much,fast,soundThebabyissoundlyasleep.那婴儿睡得很熟。Fallasleepsourcesourcewatersourceresourcehumanresource[]Thestorywassaidtohavebeenbasedontheinformationfromareliable [例题]Doyouknowthe ofthesayingIjustquoted?Successfuladj.successfulsuccessful：Heisasuccessfulsuccessive：Thebasketballteamhashadfivesuccessive[例题]Toanovice,problemsandtrialsseemtocome whiletoanexpertanychallengepresentsanopportunity.意味着一次机遇。successfully成功地；seriously严重地；successively相继地；sufficientlybetiredfrombetiredbetiredfrombetiredof[]Iam ofthesameoldbreakfasteverymorning.A.wornout[]Idon’tliketodisturbyou,becauseyou’requitetired hard的意思是“对…感到厌倦”，不符合题意。tiredoutwithHisfaceturnedredwithanger.B.usedtodo和beusedtong,beusedtousedtodoIusedtoliveinthatbeusedtong表示习惯于做某事如：Iamusedtogettingupearly.beusedtodoThewoodisusedtoheatthewater.sceneryview常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分。如：Themountainhosceneryscenery指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色。如：ThesceneryofThreeGorgesismarvelous.长 [例题]Oneoftheadvantagesoflivingonthetopfloorofahigh-riseisthatyougetagood 『答案解析』句意：住在顶层的优点之一是你可以欣赏到美丽的风景。scene指戏剧、等的一场，场景，布景；look[例题]Therewasagood ofthecountrysidefromthefrontofthebus.zonen.zone,district,area,regionzone地带地区一特定的地方或MostofChinaisinthetemperate没有明确的界限，也可指占地面积。如：Thefactorycoversanareaof500mu.500region地区，指较大范围内的区域，一般按自然条件和自身特点划分。如：anautonomousregionbelt地带指狭长的地带Thenorthernpartofthecountryisusuallyregardedasthewheatbelt.的词义辨析，也是考点之一，最常见的是由break,bring,call,come,get,go,give,hand,hold,keep,look,make,pull,put,run,stand,see,set,take,turnbreakdown①发生故障；②情不自禁地放声痛哭③人在健康精神等方面跨下来如：IfTimgoesonworkinglikethis,he’llbreakdownsoonerorlater.TimMostmachinesbreakdownsometimes.大多数的机器有时候会出故障。breakout（等）爆发breakoffvi.如：Jacktoldhisstory,breakingoffnowandthentowipehistearsfromhisbreakinvi.如：Thievesbrokeinandstolemymoney.breakintovi.如：Thievesbrokeintoourhouselastnight.breakupvi.如：Schoolwon’tbreakupuntilearlyJuly.[]Theold onhearingherson’sdeath.brokebrokebrokebroke[]HewaslivinginFrancewhenthebrokebrokebrokebroke

[]Whensheheardthebadnews,she compley.brokebrokebrokebroke[]Iwasstillsleewhenthebrokeputcamegot

,andthenitspread『答案解析』句意：起火的时候，我正在睡觉，稍后火势快速蔓延。putout；come ；get 知道 []Thefiremenhadbreakbreakbreakbreak

thedoortogetintotheburning[例题]Scientiststhinktheyhavebrokenworkedfallengot

through（=besuccessfulafter ingadifficulty）突破；取得重大成果：（2）bringabout（=resultin/leadto/）bringdown减少，降低（温度等）bringupbringforward（建议等）bringaround使恢复知觉bringsb.through治病救人例：ItismucheasiertotalkaboutsocialchangeA.tobringitB.tobringitC.tobringD.tobring

例：Computertechnologywill arevolutioninbusinessA.bringB.bringC.bringD.bring例：Hisparentsdiedwhenhewasyoung,sohewas byhisaunt.（1994.6）B.fedC.broughtD.grown是错误的，growupbringup例：Wehavetotryeverymeansto thecostsoftheconstructionA.bringB.bringC.bringD.bringcallfor要求，需要calloff（=cancel）callon/upon正式拜访callin（vi）callup①打给；②征召 A.callsB.callsC.callsD.calls[例题]Thesportsmeet,originallyduetobeheldlastFriday,wasfinally becauseofthebadweather.A.setB.brokenC.wornD.called A.callingB.callingC.callingD.calling[]Tomnevergetsupearlyandhedoesn’tlikebe 10.A.calledB.calledC.calledD.called[例题]ThatwassoseriousamatterthatIhadnochoicebut theA.calledB.callingC.callD.tocall『答案解析』句意：问题严重，我必须给打。这里涉及到英语中一个非常重要的语法to，toD[]WehavedecidedtocallMr.Blacksometimenextweekathishome.（2003.4）『答案解析』句意：我们已经决定下周的某个时候去他家拜访。callon“，拜访”；callup“召唤，使人想起”；callfor“需要，要求”；callat“拜访（地方）”。[]Ihaveto myvisitasI’llbeverybusynextweek.（2001）A.callB.callC.callD.callcallon“拜访，号召”；calloff“取消”；callin“召集”。[]Theernorhadto allhisappointmentsforthedayandrushtothetrainaccident.（1998）A.setB.payC.seeD.call身”；payoff“偿付清”；seeoff“送行”；calloff“取消”。comeaboutcomeacrosscometocometoaconclusioncometoanagreementcometotermwithsbcomeintoeffect生效comeout；出现，显露；结果cometoanendcomeintobeingcomeintoforceeffectwhenitcomesto谈到，说到comeupwith提出，想出comeupto[例题]Inmyopinion,yourworkdoesnot whatIexpectedofA.catchupB.addupeuptoD.goinfor『答案解析』句意：我认为，你的工作没有达到我的期望。catchupwith；addup合计达；goinfor[例题]Ifyouhappento mylostpaperswhileyou'relookingforyourbook,pleaseletmeknowatoncebyephone.eacrosseupeto[例题]Joeisnotgoodatsports,butwhenit mathematics,heisthebestintheesesupesonesaround[例题]She'sfainted.Throwsomewateronherfaceandshe'll eroundeealongeout[]It'salready10o'clockIwonderhowit thatshewastwohourslateonsuchashorttrip.A.cameB.cameC.cameD.came[]Afteralongdiscussion,theyanA.cameB.cameC.cameD.camegetover①克服（等），恢复；②痊愈getthrough①完成；②度过（时间）getaway（vi.）getinto①对…发生；②卷入，陷[]IttookmealongtimetothedisappointmentoflosingtheA.getB.getC.getD.get[]Ifwecanourpresentdifficulties,theneverythingshouldbeallright.eacrossB.geteoverD.getoff『答案解析』句意：如果我们能够克服目前的，那么任何事情办了。get[例题]Howcanwegetthislanguagepoint tothestudents.[例题]WhenIwasveryyoung,Iwasterriblyfrightenedofschool,butIsoon

A.gotB.gotC.gotD.got通过，被理解；gotaway[例题]Iusedtoquarrelalotwithmyparents,butnow A.lookB.stayC.carryD.getgiveaway（等giveoff（蒸汽等giveupgiveingiveout（及物）②用完（不及物[]Water,whenboiled, A.givesB.givesC.givesD.gives[例题]Theengine smokeandA.givesB.givesC.givesD.gives

.[例题]Thestudentswasjustaboutto thequestions,whensuddenlyhefoundtheA.arriveatC.workoutB.submittoD.giveup[]AfterthreedaysourA.gaveB.gaveC.gaveD.gave

,andwehadtoreturntoourgoaheadgoalloutgoaftergoby（vi.）①（时间）goongoovergoforgointogooutgoround/aroundgothroughgowithgofishing/swimming/hunting去（游泳；打猎【注意】作系动词表示变化时，只能表示从好变坏，如：Theseappleshavegone[例题]Iwanttobuyanewtieto thisbrownsuitthatmydaughterboughtasabirthdaypresent.A.goB.goC.goD.go日的。gointo进入；goafter追逐，追求；gowith与……相配；goby走过，遵循。 A.wentB.wentC.wentD.went，，；goon[]TheOlympicCommitteehasdrawnupstrictrulesforthesportsmen A.goB.goC.goD.go[]Let'severythingandfindoutwherethetroubleA.goB.goC.goD.go[]Everyyearwhenthefluis I'mboundtogetsick.（2003.4）A.gettingaroundingC.hangingD.going（）”。因此答案选Dbyhandhandinhandathandhanddown/on把…传下来；传给handin上交handout分派；把…拿出来handovergivesbahand帮助。【注意】可以表示人手，如：Thefactoryhasemployedmore inthefamily.Itwasmygreat-A.handedB.handedC.handedD.handed[例题]WhenMr.Jonesgetsold,hewill overhisbusinesstohisson..keepquietkeepng继续做某keeponng继续（重复）做某事keepsb.from ng干某keepupwith跟上，不keepoffkeepto（习惯等keepsth.inmindkeepcompanywith[]He workingtillhewasseventyyearsold.（1993.6）A.keptupB.keptC.keptD.kept[]Insomeparksvisitorsarerequestedtokeep

the[例题]Hebeganwalkingat4anhour,buthecouldn'tthatspeedandsoonbegantowalkmoreslowly.A.keepB.keepC.keepD.keep[例题]Julieisoneofthosewomenwhoalways thelatestA.putupeupC.getonD.keepup『答案解析』句意：朱莉是那些总赶时髦的女子之一。keepupwith及时了解。putupwith；getonwith…；comeupwithaskforleaveleavealoneleavebehindleaveoutleaveforleaveoff（使）停止；停下来[]Ibelieveyou someimportantpointsintheA.leftB.leftC.leftD.left[]Theteacherstressedagainthatthestudentsshouldnot anyimportantdetailswhilerelingthestory.A.bringB.letC.leaveD.make[]Iftheboyhad thedogaloneitwouldn'thavebittenhim.不管，不碰，如：Leavetheboxalone.别碰那个盒子。lookafterlookbackonlookdownon/upon蔑视，看不起lookforwardtolookinto观察；lookover检查lookuplookupto尊敬lookout[]Ipromisedto thematterassoonasIgotthere.例句：Ifyoudon’tknowthemeaningoftheword,lookitupinthedictionary.Mr.Smithsignedthewithoutevenlookingitover.先生没怎么检查就Wehopeyoudon’tlookdownuponthiswork.WewerelookingforwardtoseeingyouinBeijingsoon.我们期望很快在见到您Ourdirectorisamaneveryonelooksupto.我们是个大家都尊敬的人makefor，向…前进makeoutmakeup①组成，构成；②编造makeupformakeupone'smindmakeone'swaybemadeof（看得出原材料bemadefrom（看不出原材料[]Goodusemust thecomputerwhichisnowsittingA.madeB.madeupC.madeD.madeout[]Atthebeginningofthisterm,ourhistoryprofessor alistofbooksforustoread.（1995.6）A.passedB.fishedC.handedD.madeonsth.tosb.把某物传给，C上交[]Aftersayingthat,A.madeB.madeC.madeout

thedoorquickly.[]HespokesoquicklythatIdidA.makeB.makeC.makeD.make

whathesaid.例：Whathetoldusabouttheaffairsimplydoesn'tmakeany 例：Thedestructionofthesetreasureswasalossformankindthatnoamountofcould A.standupeupC.makeupD.putup支持，B，D例：InBritaintodaywomen 50%oftheworkforce,andnearlyhalfthemotherswithchildrenareinpaidwork.A.buildB.standC.makeD.conform『答案解析本句的意思是“在英国妇女占劳动力的50%，近一半有孩子的妇女在外面有工作”例：There’samanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans B.toC.tohaveD.havingmaketroublemean例：Itisimportantthatthehoreceptionist thatguestsareregisteredA.hasmadeB.madeC.mustmakeD.make例句：Makingupastoryiseasyforsomewriters.nsandPhilippinesmakeupthelargestpartofthetown’spopulation.Hurryup!Wemustmakeupforlosttime.快点，须把失去的时间弥补回来pickoutpickup；②（车等）pickoff keeppickdrawcatch保持，C起草，Dcatchupwith（sb.）赶上。 inthe宜货（bargain）pickup。例句：IknowSallyisinthisphotobutIcan’tpickherout.我知道萨利在这张putawayputoffputon（体重）putforward（要求、事实等putupputupwith忍受，（讨厌的人）putout①熄灭；②putin花费，付出（时间、精力）等putdown① putaside[]Wedon’tlikeit,butwehaveto upwithit（1992.6）例：Thepreparationsforthetripwillbe tillnextweek.putputputput例：Thereisanoldsayingwhichgoes, untiltomorrowwhatyoucandoputputputput例：Areyouseriousputtingputtingputtingputting

sucha例句：Heputaside$500amonthtopayforhissummerFredgenerallyputshisclothesawaybeforeheIputintwohoursonmyEnglishstudieseveryday.每天我花费两个小时学习英语。Thestudentsusuallyputonaplayattheendoftheyear.Ifyouputonanotherpound,youwon’tbeabletowearthisdress.Putoutthelightpleaserunoutrunoutofrunintorunover例：YouwillneverguesswhomI onthestreetA.ranB.ranoutC.ranD.ranup例：Youwouldbe arisktoletyourchildgotoschoolbyhimself.『答案解析本句的意思是“你不能让你的小孩自己去上学runarisk的意思是“”。例句：Theirdebtsrunsintosevenfigures.他们欠的债合计有七位数了。Mostdriversareunhappyiftheyrunoverananimal.大多数如果撞到一个小动物都seesb.off为送seethrough看穿；帮助渡过难seetoseeabout负责处理（某事）；查看seetoitthat要注意使…；务必使…例：Ialways whatIhavesaid.getholdleadsee『答案解析』本句的意思是“我总是对我的话负责。”A到达，B坚持，C导致。例句：Seetoitthatthelettergetsmailedtoday.今天务必把这封信邮出去。Iseethroughhislies.我看穿了他的Ifyouaretoobusy,I’llseeaboutthetraintickets.setasidesetout/off（vi.）setup开办；建立；设立setouttodosth.开始…setabout ngsth.setback例：Havingdecidedtorentaflat,we contactingallthe agenciesinthecity.setsetsetset例：Thecontinuousrain theharvestingofthewheatcropbytwoweeks.setsetsetset例句：Howdoyousetaboutmakingadress.It’stimetosetasideourdifferencesandworktogether.我们应抛弃，一起努力。Thishold–upwillsetusbackhalfanhour.Theyneededthemoneytosetupaspecialschoolforgiftedchildren.takein①接受；②；③，理解takeon①呈现（面貌）；②雇用；③承担takeover占据；接任（职位）takeuptakeapart（机器等[]Ifyouspeakslowlyandclearly,thestudentswill thetaketaketaketake例：Hisbusinessisgrowingsofastthathemust moreworkers.taketaketaketake例句：Littlekidsareeasilytakenin.小孩子非常容易被IcouldnottakeinthelectureatallHeis whocantakeonresponsibility.IfyouthinkyoucandomyjobbetterthanIcan,you etotaketurnaway将…拒外turnout①生产；②证明是turninto（使）变成，（使）成为turndown（的请求）turnsth.over仔细考虑…turntoturnup[]It thatthejewelshadbeenstolenbyatraveler.A.turnedB.turnedC.turnedD.turned[]AtfirstIthoughtthatmathproblemwouldberatherdifficult,butit befairlyeasy.（1995.6）A.turnedB.turnedC.turnedD.turned例句：Thenewfactoryisturningouttwothousandbikesinamonth.2000I’llturntheideasoverforafewdaysbeforeIreplytotheirAbabyalwaysturnstohismotherforcomfort.Themeetingwaspostponed,asonlyhalfadozenpeopleturned三、多义词/介词短语/语境词abandonv.[例题]ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound inthewoodsoffthehighway.『答案解析』abandon暗指对其所抛弃的人或物不感,如把撞坏的汽车抛弃在路旁vanishvi.，绝迹。scatter驱使，使分散。rejectAbandonedablea.[搭配]beabletodosth.能够做…[同义]capableadj.有能力的，能干的[反义]unableadj.不能的，不会的beabletodo和becapableofIshallnotbeabletocometotheofficeWorkersarecapableofrunningtheabsenta.[搭配]beabsentfrom…缺席……；intheabsenceof[例题]Intheofproof,thecouldnottakeactionagainsttheman.shortageAstudentisabsentfromtheabsorbv.[搭配]beabsorbedin[例题]Larrywasso inhisnovelthatheforgotabouthisdinnercookingintheHowmuchliquidcanaspongeabsorbLeavesofplantsabsorblightfromthesun.panyvt.陪伴，伴随[例题]Theincreaseduseofcomputersinbusinesshasbeen byanincreaseincomputercrime.accountn.帐，帐目；v.[搭配]oaccounttakesthintoconsiderationaccountforonaccountof（=because[]Hisunhappychildhood hisbadtemper.A.countsB.accountsC.makesD.goes[例题]Ihopemyteacherwilltakemyrecentillnessinto whenjudgingmyaccountaccordinglyadv.（=forthatreason,therefore）[例题]Hehasimpressedhisemployersconsiderablyand 后；yetachievev.achievementn.[例题]Lucyhas allofthegoalsshesetforherselfinhighschoolandisreadyfornewchallengesatuniversity.新的。acquire获得；finish完成；conclude得出结论。Wesetgoalsandthenweachieveacquaintvt.[搭配]beacquaintedwith[例题]Theauthorofthereportiswell withtheproblemsinthehospitalbecausehehasbeenworkingthereformanyyears.of（about）对 消息灵通。可见，此题中应用acquainted，因为后面的介词是with。acquaintyouwith…addv如：Thefirei