英语句子成分和句型结构

英语句子成分和句型结构英语句子成分和句型结构英语句子成分和句型结构xxx公司英语句子成分和句型结构文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解：（一）句子成分1.主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）找出下列句中的主语：Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.（名词）Shewentoutinahurry.（代词）Fourplusfouriseight.（数词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Smokingisbadforhealth.（动名词）Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.（名词化的形容词）Whathehassaidistrue.（句子）2.谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）：1.WeloveChina.2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.3.HecanspeakEnglish.4.Sheseemstired.3.表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（名词）Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）★（常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）...Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.找出下列句中的表语。1.Iamateacher.2.Theyareontheplayground.3.MyjobisteachingEnglish.4.Itgetscold.5.Itsoundsinteresting.4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----及物动词或介词的宾语IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）HowmanydoyouneedWeneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾AreyouafraidofthesnakeUnderthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语：pleasepassmethebook.Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.找出下列句子的宾语部分：1.Weoftenhelphim.2.Helikestoplaybasketball.3.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.4.Shesaidthathefeltsick.5.Theyaretalkingaboutthenewstudent.5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）6.主补：对主语的补充，全称为主语补足语。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?8.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,或句子。表示时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeeting-room.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.（二）句子结构简单句的五个基本句型1.主语＋不及物动词Shecame．/Myheadaches.2.主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.3.主语＋系动词＋表语Sheishappy．4.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook.5.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.★There+be句型Therearesomebooksonthedesk.Thereliesabookonthedesk.Exercises：分析下列句子成分1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．翻译练习：主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）1、你应该努力学习Youshouldstudyhard.2、他昨天晚上很晚回家Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.练习：1、Thisboxweighsfivekilos.这个盒子重五公斤。2、IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.五年前我住在北京。主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）1、我昨晚写了一封信Iwrotealetterlastnight.2、我今天下午想和你谈谈Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.练习：1、AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。2、Hedidnotknowwhattosay.他不知道说什麽好。主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋表语）1.我的弟弟都是大学生Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2.在冬天，白天很短夜晚很长Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.3.布朗女士看上去很健康MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.4.在他15岁那年他成为了著名的画家Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.练习：1、树叶已经变黄了。Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.2、这个报告听起来很有意思。Thereportsoundsinteresting.双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）1.强森先生去年叫我们德语MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2