英语中名词的用法

英语中名词的用法英语中名词的用法英语中名词的用法xxx公司英语中名词的用法文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度一、英语中各种词性的用法及解释1.名词名词可以分为专有名词（ProperNouns）和普通名词(CommonNouns）。专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。（不是专有名词就是普通名词）名词变复数的方法1)规则的变复数的方法情况构成方法例词一般情况加-smap-mapsbag-bagscar-cars以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-esbus-buseswatch-watches以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加esbaby---babies2)不规则变化情况以o结尾的名词，变复数时：a.加s，如：photo---photospiano---pianosradio---radioszoo---zoos；b.加es，如：potato—potatoestomato—tomatoes（基本规律：有生命性质的词在后面加es，否则加s）以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：a.加s，如：belief---beliefsroof---roofssafe---safesgulf---gulfs；b.去f,fe加-ves，如：half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves；名词复数的不规则变化child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women单复同形如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如：peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数，不能说apeople，apolice，acattle，但可以说aperson，apoliceman，aheadofcattle,theEnglish，theBritish，theFrench，theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。news是不可数名词。(2)名词的格1)在英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：ateacher'sbook。名词所有格的规则如下：2)单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如theboy'sbag男孩的书包，men'sroom男厕所。3)若名词已有复数词尾-s，只加"'"，如：theworkers'struggle工人的斗争。凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of+名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：thetitleofthesong歌的名字。在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：thebarber's理发店。如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。如：John'sandMary'sroom（两间）JohnandMary'sroom（一间）例题解析1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________tohishome.A.25minutes’walkB.25minute’swalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk解析:句中的minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+’,而不能+s,因此选A。4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson解析:person与people都有”人”的意思,但用法不同.“一个人”用“aperson”,“两个人”用“twopersons”;people泛指“人们”是集合名词,表示复数,thepeople指“人民”,apeople指“一个民族”.应选B。5.Helpyourselfto__________.A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples解析:chicken可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词,故应+s,因此选D。6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________.A.room’snumberB.rooms’numberC.roomnumbersD.rooms’numbers解析:roomnumber房间号码.room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有myphsicsteacher,twobusdrivers等.应选C。7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_________.A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room解析:family指的是家庭或是家庭成员;house指的是房子(住所);room指的是房间;而home指的是家,因此选C.8.________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A.MaryandPeter’sB.MaryandPeterC.Mary’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s解析:此句中“mothers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。9.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.A.heruncleB.heruncle’sC.herunclesD.aunt’s解析:此句意为“李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”.表示具体场所时,可省去所有格后面的名词.因此选B。10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn’t________inteaching.A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceC.anexperienceD.alotexperience解析:experience作“经验”讲时是不可数名词,作“经历”讲时是可数名词.本句中应理解为“经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除AC.又因alotof,lotsof,plentyof只用于肯定句,不用于否定句,因此选B。11.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago.A.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursister’s解析:此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。12.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.A.Frenchmen,GermansB.Germans,FrenchmansC.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen解析:Frenchman是复合词,其复数形式为Frenchmen;German的复数为直接在单词末尾+S,应选A.13.Theteam________havingameeting.A.isB.areC.amD.be解析:team是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组),也可指小组中的成员(表示复数),此题意为后者,因此选B。14.“Wouldyoulike_________”“________,please.”A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink,CoffeesC.adrink,AcoffeeD.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees解析:drink和coffee是不可数名词,可以用…of来表示数量,eg,threecupsofcoffee,当前面加a时,则表示“一杯”．因此选C。15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_______,butalsothefleshandbloodof________men.A.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millionsC.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millions解析：earth是不可数名词，因此删除BD,数以百万的应为millionsof.因此选A。选择最佳答案：1．Lastnight,therewasafoodaccident.The_______wereill,butno_______werelost.A.child,livesB.children,lifeC.children,livesD.child,life2.---Thisisaphotoof_________whentheywereyoung.---OK,howhappytheybothlooked!A.myfatherandmotherB.mymotherandfather'sC.mymother'sandfather'sD.myfather'sandmymother3.Thenewstudentisin__________,GradeTwo.A.ClassThirdB.ThirdClassC.ClassThreeD.Threeclass4.TodayisSeptember10th.It's__________Day.Let'sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.A.TeachersB.Teachers'C.theTeachers'D.Teacher's5.Themarketisn'tfarfromhere.It'sonly_________bicycleride.A.halfanhours'B.halfanhour'sC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalf6.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?---_________,please.A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcoffeC.TwocupsofcoffeeD.Twocupsofcoffees7.DuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor_________.A.funB.wishesC.interestD.thanks8.Some_________areflyingkitesneartheriver.A.childB.boyC.boysD.childs9.Aftertheexam,we'llhave________holiday.A.twoweeksB.two-weeksC.twoweeks'D.twoweek's10.Theyarethose_________bags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.A.visitorB.visitorsC.visitor'sD.visitors'11.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?---Therearetwo___________.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof12.---Whatdoyouthinkofthe_______theMoonlightSonatabyBeethoven?---Itsoundsreallywonderful.A.subjectB.musicC.bookD.animal13.Thereisnotenough_________inthecornerforthefridge.A.placeB.roomC.fieldD.ground14._________comesfromsheepandsomepeoplelikeeatingitA.WoolB.PorkC.MuttonD.Milk15.Ifyoudon'ttakemore________,you'llgetfat.A.medicineB.lessonsC.photosD.exercise16.Myschoolisabouttwenty________walkfromhere.A.minuteB.minutes'C.minutes'sD.minutes17.Mum,Ihave_______totellyou!A.agoodnewsB.somegoodnewsC.somegoodnewesD.muchgoodnews18.Whichisthe________tothepostoffice?A.streetB.wayC.roadD.address19.Istayedat________lastSunday.A.myunclesB.myuncles'C.myuncle'sD.myuncle'sfamily20.Maths________noteasytolearn.A.areB.isC.amD.were1-5CBCBB6-10CACCD11-15ABBCD16-20BBBC2.形容词A“HowcanIlearnEnglishwell?”Thisisaquestionmanystudentsask.Inmyopinion,themosteffectivewayistolearnlessonsbyheart.Ifyoucanrecitethetextandwriteitout,you’velearneditfairlywell.Andifyoucantell,inyourownwords,whatthelessonsaysyou’reaverysuccessfullearnerindeed.YourEnglishwillbequiteperfect.Thisisadifficulttask.However,ifyoutrytolearnbyheartonlypartofeachlesson,you’llfinditnothalfsohardasyoumighthavethought.Learningthisway,youwillmakerapidprogress.Ofcourse,writingisalsonecessary.IthelpsyoualotonourwaytosuccessinEnglish.Equallyimportantistofeelthelanguage.Youshouldbeabletolaughatjokesandbeshockedatbadnews.WhenusingEnglish,trytoforgetyourmothertongue.Insteadofhelpingyou,yourownlanguagegetsinyourway.So,nevertrytoseeEnglishthroughtranslation.1.Inthewriter’sopinion,themosteffectivewayinlearningEnglishis____.A.topractisespeaking,writingandfeelingitB.toforgetyourownnativelanguageC.totranslateeverythingintohisownlanguageD.tomemorizetheEnglishwordsandgrammaticalrules2.“Insteadofhelpingyou,yourownlanguagegetsinyourway.”Thissentencemeansthatmemorizingyourownlanguagecan________.A.helpyoutostudyEnglishwellB.stopyoumasteringEnglishC.makeEnglisheasytolearnD.helpyounoticemistakes3.Equallyimportantistofeelthelanguage.“tofeelthelanguage”heremeans________.A.togetaknowledgeofEnglishbytouchingB.tobeabletoreadandwriteEnglishC.totranslateEnglishintoyourownbyimaginingD.tobeabletoexperiencetherichsensationofthelanguageBWhenwecanseewell,wedonotthinkaboutoureyesoften.Itisonlywhenwecannotseeperfectlythatwecometoseehowimportantoureyesare.Peoplewhoarenearsightedcanonlyseethingsthatareveryclosetotheireyes.Manypeoplewhodoalotofclosework,suchaswritingandreading,becomenearsighted.Thentheyhavetowearglassesinordertoseedistantthingsclearly.Peoplewhoarefarsightedfacejusttheoppositeproblem.Theycanseethingsthatarefaraway,buttheyhavedifficultyreadingabookunlesstheyholditatarm’slength.Iftheywanttodomuchreading,theymustgetglassestoo.Otherpeopledonotseeclearlybecausetheireyesarenotexactlytherightshape.This,too,canbecorrectedbyglasses.Somepeople’seyesbecomecloudybecauseofcataracts.Longagothesepeopleoftenbecameblind.Now,however,itispossibletooperateonthecataractsandremovethem.Whennightfalls,colorsbecomefaintertotheeyesandfinallydisappear.Afteryoureyeshavegrownusedtothedark,youcanseebetterifyouusethesideofyoureyesratherthanthecenters.Sometimes,afterdark,youseeasmallthingtoonesideofyou,whichseemstodisappearifyouturnyourheadinitsdirection.Thisisbecausewhenyouturnyourhead,youarelookingatthethingtoodirectly.Menonguarddutysometimesthinktheyseesomethingmovingtoonesideofthem.Whentheyturntolookstraightatit,theycannotseeitanymore,andtheybelievetheyweremistaken.However,thismistakehappensbecausethecenteroftheeye,whichisverysensitiveindaylight,isnotassensitiveasthesidesoftheeyeafterdark.1.Wedon’tknowthatoureyesareofgreatimportanceuntil________.A.wethinkaboutoureyesB.wecannotseeclearlyC.wewearglassesD.wehavetodomuchreading2.Accordingtothepassage,a________ismorelikelytobenearsighted.A.tailorB.doctorC.guardD.painter3.Peoplewhoarefarsighted________.A.cannotdoalotofcloseworkwithoutglassesB.canonlyseethingsthatareveryclosetotheireyesC.havedifficultyreadingabookiftheyholditatarm’slengthD.havethesameproblemasthenearsightedpeople4.Toseeasmallthingatnight,itisbettertolook________.A.withwideopeneyesB.withhalfshutornarrowedeyesC.straightatitD.inaslightlydifferentdirectionCTreesareusefultomaninthreeimportantways:theygivehimwoodandotherusefulthings,theygivehimcoolplaces,andtheyhelptostopdroughtandflood.Unluckily,inmanypartsoftheworld,manhasnotfoundthatthethirdofthesepointsisthemostimportant.Manwantstomakemoneyfromtrees,sohehascutthemdowninlargenumbers,onlytofindthatwithoutthemhehaslostthebestfriendshehad.Andalso,heisusuallytoocarelesstoplantandlookafternewtrees.Sotheforestsslowlydisappear.Thisdoesnotonlymeanthatmanwillhavefewertrees.Theresultsareevenworse:forwheretherearetrees,theirrootsbreakupsoil-maketherainin-andalsobindthesoil,thusstoppingitfrombeingwashedawayeasily;butwheretherearenotrees,therainfallsonhardgroundandflowsaway,causingfloodsandcarryingawaytherichtop-soil.Whenallthetop-soilisgone,nothingisleftbutuselessdesert.1.Themostimportantpointsoftreestomanis________.A.theyhelphimtomakemoneyB.theygivehimcoolC.theygivehimwoodandotherthingsD.theyhelphimtostopdroughtandfloods2.Inmanyplacesforestsslowlydisappearbecause________.A.manytreeshavebeencutdownbymanB.newtreesarenotwelllookedafterC.manhasnotpaidenoughattentiontoplantingtreesD.alltheabove3.Landbecomesdesertafteralltreesarecutdownbecause____A.rootsoftreesbreakupthesoilB.therearetoomanyrainfallsC.strongwindsbringalotofsandD.therearenolongertreestokeeptherainandprotectthetop-soil.4.Whichtitlebestfitsthepassage?

A.TreesandManB.TheFunctionofTreeWoodC.HowdoPeopledowithTreesD.TheUsageofTreeRoots英语完形填空练习Thesedayscomputergameshavebecomemoreandmorepopularinmanycitiesandtowns.Alotofsmallshopsalongbusy_1_havechangedintocomputergamehousesinordertogetmore__2___.Theseplacesarealwayscrowdedwithpeople.Inthecomputergamehouses,people3alotofmoneymatchingonthemachines,It's4foronetobeatacomputer,butonecandowellaftertryingagainandagain.Peoplewantto5whentheyplaycomputergames.Themorethey6,themoretheywanttowin,andatlasttheyevencan't7Theresultisthatsomepeopledon'twantto