新概念第二册第20课语法

Lesson20Onemaninaboat【Newwordsandexpressions】（5）catchv.抓到fishermanbootn.钓鱼人，渔民n.靴子wasterealizen.浪费v.意识到★catchv.抓到①vt.捉住，逮住，捕获Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.Haveyoucaughtanyfishtoday?②vt.抓住，握住Canyoucatchtheball?③vt.及时赶到，赶上catchabus赶车Iwanttocatchtheeightnineteen(train)toLondon.④catch的一些固定用法catchacoldcatchone'sbreath染上感冒摒住呼吸看见catchsightof=seecatchfirecatchone'seyes着火吸引某人注意力一双靴子★bootn.靴子apairofboots★wasten.浪费①n.浪费awasteof„浪费„„Itisawasteoftime/money/food/water.②vt.浪费Youarewastingtime.★realizev.意识到①v.认识，知道，明白，意识到Iwentintothewrongroomwithoutrealizingit.我无意中走错了房间。IrealizedthatIwaswrong.②v.实现（希望、目标、愿望等）realizeone'sdream实现某人的梦想Shehasrealizedherhopetobeanactress.③使变为事实，使发生（常用于被动语态）Thisplancanneverberealized.【Text】Fishingismyfavouritesport.Ioftenfishforhourswithoutcatchinganything.Butthisdoesnotworryme.Somefishermenareunlucky.Insteadofcatchingfish,theycatcholdbootsandrubbish.Iamevenlesslucky.Inevercatchanything--notevenoldboots.Afterhavingspentwholemorningsontheriver,Ialwaysgohomewithanemptybag.'Youmustgiveupfishing!'myfriendssay.'It'sawasteoftime.'Buttheydon'trealizeoneimportantthing.I'mnotreallyinterestedinfishing.Iamonlyinterestedinsittinginaboatanddoingnothingatall!参考译文钓鱼是我特别喜爱的一项运动.我经常一钓数小时却一无所获,但我从不为此烦恼.有些垂钓者就是不走运,他们往往鱼钓不到,却钓上来些旧靴子和垃圾.我的运气甚至还不及他们.我什么东西也未钓到过--就连旧靴子也没有.我总是在河上呆上整整一上午,然后空着袋子回家.“你可别再钓鱼了!”我的朋友们说,“这是浪费时间.“然而他们没有认识到重要的一点,我并不是真的对钓鱼有兴趣,我感兴趣的只是独坐孤舟,无所事事!【课文讲解】1、Fishingismyfavouritesport.fishing是一个动名词，由动词+ing组成，动名词可以作主语或宾语，如eating，reading等等★fish①n.鱼（不可数名词），鱼的种类（可数）Therearealotoffishes(表示种类)inthesea.②v.钓鱼,捕鱼2、Ioftenfishforhourswithoutcatchinganything.for+时间表示一段时间forhours=forsomehours数小时withoutcatchinganything作为状语而出现,表示结果状语。without是介词，后面一定要加宾语,动名词catching作without的宾语，without后面的动作是主语来做的。动名词也有动词的特性，可以有自己的宾语。without通常表示“缺乏、没有”；当它位于动名词前时，表示“不曾、不”Ican’trepairthecarwithoutyourhelp.Theytriedtoleavetherestaurantwithoutpaying.Hewentoutwithoutsayinganywords.3、Butthisdoesnotworryme.★worry①v.烦恼，担扰worrysb.某人为„„烦恼，担扰（作动词一定要加人作宾语,翻译时从后往前翻，宾语担心）Thehouseworriedme./Mydaughterworriedme.①adj.担心beworriedabout„„为„„担心Iwasneverworriedaboutthis.=Thisdoesnotworryme.4、Insteadofcatchingfish,theycatcholdbootsandrubbish.insteadof„我原准备做„„但是后来做了„„（insteadof后面的词一定是没有做的,可以放在主句后面）Iwenttoschoolinsteadofstayingathome.去上学了我没呆在家里而是Iboughtbooksinsteadofbuyingdresses.without强调没有做某件事,insteadof强调这件事没做成而做成了另外一件事副词instead“作为替代，反而”，单独使用时一般出现在句尾IfyoudontwantaholidayinEngland,whydontyougotoAustraliainstead?5、Iamevenlesslucky.less是little的比较级，意为“不及，不如，更少”IspendlesstimeonEnglishthanonFrench.less+原形Aisless„thanBA不如B6、Afterhavingspentwholemorningsontheriver,Ialwaysgohomewithanemptybag.spend+时间+在某地after<conj.>+从句在某地度过„„时间在„„之后after<prep.>+名词/动词的ing形式„„之后（从句主语必须是主句的主语时两种形式可互换）AfterIgotoschool,Ilearnedalotofknowledge.(用一般式表示一个事实,不用“wentto”)Aftergoingtoschool,Ilearnedalotofknowledge.介词after的宾语的动名词havingspent所表示的动作发生在谓语动词go之前，所以动名词用完成形式。withanemptybag[wiTAn5emptIbA^]注意连读withsth.有„„的，持有„„的，随身带着„„(状语)Who’sthemanwiththebeard?withoutsth.没带„„Ialwaysgohomewithoutangthing.什么都没带回家7、'Youmustgiveupfishing!'myfriendssay.giveupdoingsth.=stopdoingsth.Giveupsmoking.放弃做某事8、I'mnotreallyinterestedinfishing.beinterstedinsth./doingsth.对„„感兴趣I’minterestedincollectingstamps.【Keystructures】动名词动词+ing以代替名词做主语和宾语或介词宾语。1、动名词作主语Watchingtelevisionismyfavouritepastime.爱的业余爱好.看电视是我最喜2、动名词作宾语Iamverykeenoncycling.我非常喜欢骑自行车.Heiscapableofdoinganything.他能胜任任何事情.3、利用介词/副词+动名词可以把两个句子连成一个句子apologizefor(not)doingsth.Imustapologize.Iinterruptedyou.你的说话(工作).Imustapologizeforinterruptingyou.由于打断了你的说话(工作),我得表示道歉.（forinterrupting强调interrupt这个动词）为什么事情而道歉我得表示道歉.我打断了Imustapologizeforhavinginterruptedyou.（forhavinginterrupted强调interrupt这个动词先发生，强调时间(havingdone)）以上两者为时间概念不同，意思相同congratulate(sb.)ondoingsth.因„„祝贺（某人）Hecongratulatedme.Iwonthecompetition.得了这次比赛.Hecongratulatedmeonwinningthecompetition.比赛之际,他向我祝贺.他向我道贺.我赢在我赢得这次Hecongratulatedmeonhavingwonthecompetition.thankyouforlistening/attending动名词用表示完成时的having+过去分词结构往往强调动名词的动词发生在前面。4、跟动名词的短语bekeenondoingsth.（热忠于„„）,befondof,beinterestedin,enjoydoingsth.（喜欢做某事），congratulationsondoingsth.（祝贺„„）beafraidofbeupto=becapableof(capable5keipEbl]有能力的,能干的,有可能的,可以...的)可以带动名词的介词有：before，after，without，insteadof等Ican’twatchTVwithoutfallingasleep.我看电视时必定会睡着。5、动名词的否定式是在它前面直接加not。ExercisesC(用括号中的词来连接下列句子,如需要可对原句进行必要的改动)2.Sheboughtapairofboots.(insteadof)Shedidnotgetapairofshoes.Sheboughtapairofbootsinsteadofgettingapairofshoes.＝Sheboughtapairofbootsinsteadofapairofshoes.4.(After)Sheheardthenews.Shefainted.after+从句；afterprep.+doingAfterhearingthenews,shefainted.倒）（faint[feintvi.昏晕,昏6.(On)Isawtheplanecomingtowardsme.Idashedforcoveron(prep.)+doing一„„就„„（两个动作必须是同一个人）Onseeingtheplanecomingtowardsme,Idashedforcover.冲进掩护体assoonasthemoment+从句一„„就„„一„„就„„以上两个主语不一定是同一个人【SpecialDifficulties】InterestedandInteresting.ExcitedandExciting.大多数现在分词和许多过去分词都可以作形容词用。以-ed结尾的形容词常与人称主语连用，表示人的情绪、状态、喜好等；以-ing结尾的形容词则常与非人称主语连用，表明事物的某种特征、性质等。Fishingisnotinteresting.Iamnotreallyinterestedinfishing.钓鱼没意思.我对钓鱼并不真正感兴趣.Thematchwasveryexciting.Thecrowdgotveryexcited.比赛非常激动人心.观众非常激动.beinterestedinsth./doingsth.对„„感兴趣I’minterestedincollectingstamps.It'sandItsit’s=itisIt's(=itis)coldtoday.It'srainingtoo.今天天气冷.而且正在下雨.its它的Thisenginehaslostitspower.这台发动机已失去了动力.RealizeandUnderstandrealizeHedidn'trealizethathehadmadeamistake.他没有意识到他犯了一个错误.understandvt.意识到„„vt.明白„„Idon'tunderstandEnglish.我不懂英语.Exercises(选择正确的词填空)3.Therewassome(excited)(exciting)newsontheradio.excitingnewsexcitedadj.感动的；excitingadj.令人激动的如果–ed,-ing做形容词即作定语时，和被修饰词有关ontheradio在广播上Igotnewsontheradio/onTV/onthetelephone/ontheline(在线，在电话里).4.Heisnotan(interesting)(interested)person.aninterestingpersoninterestedadj.感兴趣的；interestingadj.有趣的5.Heisanexplorer.Heleadsan(excited)(exciting)life.anexcitinglifeexplorer[iks5plC:rE,ks-n.探险家,探测者,探测器leadalife过着„„日子leadahappylifeHeleadsapoorlife.【Multiplechoicequestions】2Thewriterenjoys___c___.a.catchingfishb.fishingc.doingnothingd.swimmingintheriverenjoyingdoing