英国文学简史笔记(刘炳善著)

Partone：earlyandmedievalenglishliteratureChapter1:themakingofengland1theBriton2theRomanConsequent3theEnglishConsequent4thesocialconditionoftheAnglo-SaxonsChapter2:Beowulf<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:thenationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxonsEpic:longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdysseyArtisticfeatures:1Usingalliteration2UsingmetaphorandunderstatementDefinitionofalliteration:arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound（头韵）SomeexamplesonP5Definitionofunderstatement:expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideasChapter3:FeudalEngland1theNormanConsequest:=1\*GB3①theDanishinvasionKingAlfred:theAnglo-SaxonChronicle=2\*GB3②theNormanConsequest:MarkstheestablishmentoffeudalisminEngland\2FeudaEnglandSocialfeaturesoftheFeudaEngland：Twoclasses（landlordandpeasant）Themiseriesofthepeasant：BlackDeathTheraisingof13813theRomance:knightFamousthree:KingArthurSirGawainandtheGreenKnightBeowulfChapter4WilliamLanglandPiersThePlowman耕者皮尔斯:apictureoffeudalEngland=1\*GB3①theexposureoftherulingclasses=2\*GB3②thestoryoftheCatandRats=3\*GB3③themarriageofladyMeed=4\*GB3④theconditionofthepeasants=5\*GB3⑤thesearchfortruth=6\*GB3⑥arepresentativeofthemostoppressedsectionofthepeasantryArtisticfeatures:ItiswrittenintheformofadreamvisionUsingsymbolismChapter5theEnglishBllads民谣OralliteratureBallad:isastorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas,withthesecondandfourthlinesrhymed.TheRobinHoodBalladChapter6GeofferyChaucer英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（JohnDryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.writingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.=1\*GB3①<TheCanterburyTales>坎特伯雷故事集：firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish=2\*GB3②<TroilusandCriseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③<TheHouseofFame>声誉之宫PartTwo：TheEnglishRenaissanceAperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.Chapter1OldEnglandintransition1thenewmonarchy2thereformation3theEnglishBible：JhonWycliffe,translatedthefirstcompleteEnglishBileAuthorizedVersion:alsocalledKingJamesBible4theenclosuremovement5thecommercialexoansion6thewarbetweenSpain：itendedwiththerouteoftheSpanishfleet"Armada"7theRenaissanceandHumanismRenaissance:theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Humanismisthekey-noteoftheRenaissance.Humanism:reflectedthenewoutlookoftherisingbourgeoisclass,whichsawtheworldopenningbeforeit.ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrologythereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansionrediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekcultureThemostfamousdramatists:ChristopherMarloweWilliamShakespeare8WilliamCaxton:thefirstEnglishprinterChapter2ThomasMoreOneofthegreatestEnglishhumanistsUtopia乌托邦:anidealcummunistsocietyThomas:1norevolutionaryinthesenseofwishingtoarousethepeopleortostartanymovement2stillretainsthefeaturesofclassexploitation3hecouldneverfindatthattimethemeansbywhichsocialismcouldberealized.Chapter3thefloweringofEnglishliterature1theflourishingofliterature2SirPhilipSidneyApoetandcriticpoetryAstrophelandStella,ApologyforpoetryWalterRaleigh:DiscoveryofGuiana3EdmundSpenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey=1\*GB3①

<TheFaerieQueene>仙后(forQueenElizabeth)Itiswritteninaspecialverseformthatconsisitsof8iambicpentameterlinesfollowedbya9lineof6iambicfeet(analexandrine),withtherhymeschemeababbcbbcThethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.Artisticfeatures:UsingSpenserianStanzaDefinitionofSpenserianStanza:astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.=2\*GB3②<TheShepherdsCalendar>牧人日历ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.③<Amoretti>爱情小唱4JohnLyly"gentlereader"Euphues5FrancisBacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626 （哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）ThefounderofEnglishmaterialistThefounderofmodernscienceinEnglish Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist. Writingstyle:brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason. ①<TheAdvancementofLearning>学术的推进 ②<Essays>随笔(famousquotas:<Ofstudies>) ThethemeofOfStudies:usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.Chapter4DramaThehighestgloryoftheEnglishRenaissancewasunquestionablyitsdrama1themiracleplay2themoralityplay3theinterlude4theclassicaldrama5theLondontheatreChapter5ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama （完善了无韵体诗。）Blankverse:writteninunrhymediambicpentameter. ①<TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus>浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成） ②<Tamburlaine>帖木耳大帝

③<TheJewofMalta>马耳他的犹太人Significanceofhisplays:1theheroesofhisplaysaregenerallydistinguishedbyaresolutecharacter,ascornoforthodoxcreeds,andanoverpoweringpaasion.2Thepraiseofindividualityfreedfromtherestraintsofmedievaldogmasandlaw,andtheconvictionoftheboundlesspossibilityofhumaneffortdinconqueringtheuniverse.3thehero'sindividualisticambitionoftenbringsruinstotheruintotheworldandsometomestothemselves.Hisliteraryachievement:1thegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdrama2reformedthelanguageandverseofdramaticworks3firstmadeblankverse.Hisblankversehasbeencalledas"titanic"4famousforhis"mightyline".Itismightyandplastic5pavethewayfortheShakespeareChapter6WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~161637plays

=1\*GB3①

Historicalplays:HenryVI;HenryIV:RichardIII;HenryV；RichardII；HenryVIII=2\*GB3②FourComedies:<AsYouLikeIt>皆大欢喜;<TwelfthNight>第十二夜;<AMidsummerNight’SDream>仲夏夜之梦;<MerchantOfVenice>威尼斯商人③FourTragedies:<Hamlet>哈姆莱特;<Othello>奥赛罗;<KingLear>李尔王;<Macbeth>麦克白④poems:1venusandadonis2ShakespeareSonnet:154<TheSonnets>Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefggAsonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.3therapeoflucreceFeaturesofShakespeare'sdrama:1oneofthefounderofrealisminworldliterature2oftenusedthemethodofadoptation3hislongexperiencewiththestageandhisintimateknowledgeofdramaticartthusacuiredmakehimamasterhandforplaywriting.4skilledinmanypoeticforms:song,sonnet,couplet,dramaticblankverse5agreatmasteroftheEnglishlanguageChapter7BenJonson=1\*GB3①<ComedyofHumours>=2\*GB3②<Volpone,orthefox>狐狸=3\*GB3③EveryManinHisHumouraprolificdramatistPartthreetheperiodoftheEnglishbourgeoisrevolutionChaper1theEnglishrevolutionandtheReatoration1theweakeningofthetiebetweenmonarchyandbourgeoise2theclashesbetweenthekingandparliament3theoutburstoftheEnglishrevolution:4thesplitwiththerevolutioncamp5thebourgeoisdictatorshipandtherestoration6thereligiouscloakoftheEnglishrevolution:Alsocalledthepuritanrevolution.Puritanismisthereligiousdoctrine7literatureoftherevolutionperiodChapter2JohnMilton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）=1\*GB3①Epics:

<ParadiseLost>失乐园:writteninblankverseInthepoemgodisnobetterthanadespot.Godiscruelandunjust.AdamandEveembodyMilton'sbelifeinthepowersofman.Thedesriptionofhell,Satanistherealheroofthepoem.SatanisthespiritquestioningtheauthorityofGod.

<ParadiseRegained>复乐园=2\*GB3②Dramaticpoem:

<

SamsonAgonistes>力士参孙:Apoeticaldrama.=3\*GB3③<Areopagitica>论出版自由:asadeclarationofpeople'sfreedomofthepress,hasbeenaweaponinthelaterdemocraticrevulotionstruggles.<TheDefenceoftheEnglishPeople>为英国人民声辩:asthespokesmanoftherevolution.④<OnHisBlindness>我的失明 Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestshocanendurethesufferingbest.Milton:1hewasapoliticalinbothhislifeandhisart.HewasamilitantpamphleteeroftheEnglishRevolution,andthegreatestEnglishrevolutionarypoetin17thcentury2wrotethegreatestepicinEnglishliterature.HeandShakespearehavealwaysbeenregardedastwopatternsofEnglishverse3hefirstusedblankverseinnon-dramaticworks.Inparadiselost,heacquiresanabsolutemasteryoftheblankverse.4heisagreatstylist,grandstyle.5hissublimityofthoughtandmajestyofexpression.Chapter3JohnBunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritanpoet(清教徒派诗人)=1\*GB3①ReligionaryAllegory:<ThePilgrim’sProgress>天路历程Chapter4metaphysicalpoetsandCavalierpoetsBesidesMiltonandBunyan,otherpoetsandwriterswhoseworksexpressquitedifferentideasandsentiments.TheyarecalledmetapysicalsbySamuelJohnson1JohnDonnetheMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).MetaphysicalPoetry(玄学诗)：（用语）thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.（主题：love,religious,thought）Artisticfeatures:conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻syllogism三段论=1\*GB3①Meditations沉思录TheFlea虱子=2\*GB3②SongsAndSonnetsHolySonnets=3\*GB3③Valediction:<ForbiddingMourning>2GeorgeHerbertThesaintofthemetaphysicalschoolSingthegloryofGodAltar3AndrewMarvellApuritanTohiscoymistress4HenryVaughanandRichardCrashaw:TworeligiospoetsCapter5someprose-writersRobertBurton:Masterpiece:theAnatomyofMelancholyThomasBrowme:ReligioMediciJeremyTaylor:HolyLivingHolyDyingIzaakWalton:TheCompleatAngkerChapter6Restorationliterature1restorationcomedy:Therestorationcomedyisnotoriousforitslicentiousness,beingfullofloveintrigue,andseductionandpromiscurityJhonDrydenAllForLoveAbsalomandAchitophelEnglishliteratureoftheRestorationperiodwasmodelledontheliteratureofFrancewhereclassicismwasthenprevailing.Accordingtoclassicism,dramaandproseshouldallbecontrolledbysomefixedrules.Part4the18thcenturyArevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracyTheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science(the18thcentury)小说崛起：Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised(realisticnovel现实主义小说)Gothicnovel(哥特式小说)：mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)Chapter1theenlightenmentandclassicisminEnglishliterature1theenlightenmentand18thcenturyEngland=1\*GB3①"GloriousRevolution"IndustrialRevolution=2\*GB3②theenlightenmentinEurope:anexpressionofstruggleofthebourgeoisieagainstfeudalism=3\*GB3③theEnglishEnlighteners2classicism:TheclassicistsmodelledthemselvesonGreekandLatinauthors,andtrytocontrolliterarycreationbysomefixedlawsandrulesdrawnfromGreekandLatinworks.TheEnglishclassicistsfollowedthesestandardsintheirwritings.ButthebasicdifferencebetweenDrydenandthe18thcenturyenlightenersliesinthefactthattheformerwrotetopleasethedecliningaristocracyduringtheRestorationperiodwhilelatterwrotefortherisingbourgeoisietotidyupthecapitalistsocialorder.Chapter2AddisonandSteele1SteeleandTheTatlerRichardSteele:TheChristianHero（apamphlet）TheTatler(apaper)Thepectator(inconjunctionwithAddison)Theatre2JosephAddisonTheCampaign(apoem)Cato(tragedy)SumupAddison'sandSteele'scontributiontotheEnglishliterature:=1\*GB3①theirwritingsaffordanewcodeofsocialmoralityfortherisingbourgeosie=2\*GB3②theygiveatruepictureofthesociallifeofEngishin18thcentury=3\*GB3③inthehandsofthem,theEnglishessayhadcompletelyestablisheditselfasaliterarygenre.Usingitasaformofcharactersketchingandstory-telling,theyusheredinthedawnofmodernEnglishnovel.Chapter2AlexanderPope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/“heroiccouplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）OneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland.=1\*GB3①<AnEssayonCriticism>批评论adiacticpoemArtisticfeatures:1.Using“heroiccouplets”=2\*GB3②<TheRapeoftheLock>卷发遇劫记=3\*GB3③<MoralEssays>道德论

<EssayonMan>人论<TheDunciad>愚人记poemPopewasanoutstandingenlightenerandthegreatestEnglishpoetoftheclassicalschoolinthefirsthalfofthe18thcentury.FrequentlywritingintheformofheroiccoupletsChapter4JonathanSwift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家amastersatirist。）

=1\*GB3①<Gulliver’sTravels>格列佛游记(fictionalwork)Fourparts:Lilliput小人国Brobdingnag大人国FlyingIsland飞岛Houyhnhnm马岛<AModestProposal>一个小小的建议=2\*GB3②<TheBattleofBooks>书战=3\*GB3③<ATaleofaTub>木桶的故事④<TheDrapper’sLetters>一个麻布商的书信Hislanguageissimpleandclearandvigorous.Heisamastersatirist,andhisironyiddeadly.Chapter5DanielDefoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.=1\*GB3①<RobinsonCrusoe>鲁宾逊漂流记ItpraisethefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.RobinsonCrusoeisrepresentativeoftheEnglishbourgeoisie.=2\*GB3②<MollFlanders>=3\*GB3③<ColonelJacque>④<Captainsingleton>HewastherealfounderoftherealisticnovelinEngland.Chapter6SamuelRichrardsonPamelaClarissaChapter7HenryFielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父”。）Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文体史诗),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.=1\*GB3①novels:<TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling>弃婴汤姆•琼斯<TheHistoryoftheAdventuresofJosephAndrews>约瑟夫•安德鲁<TheLifeofMrJonathanWild,theGreat>大诗人江奈生•威尔德<Amelia>爱米利亚=2\*GB3②plays:<TheHistoricalRegisterfor1736>一七三六年历史记事<DonQuixoteinEngland>堂吉柯德在英国Hewasanovelist,dramatist,essayist,politicalpamphleteer.Hedevelopehisnarrativeinthefullest,freest,clearestandmoststraightforardmanner,andalsoaffordshimopportunitiesofgiving,atsuitableplaces,personalexplanations.Satireaboundseberywhereinhisworks.HumoroussatireandakindofgrimsatireHebelievedintheeducationalfunctionofthenovel.Heisamasterofstyle.Hisstyleideasy,unlabouredandfamiliar,butextremelyvividandvigorous.Sympathyfortheworkingpeople,contemptfortheparasites,theexploitersandtheoppressorsChapter8SmollettandSterneTobiasSmollett：RoderickRandom(apicaresquenovel)PererinePickleHunphryClinkerLaurenceSterneTristramShandyASentimentalJourneyChapter918thcenturydramaandSheridanTheenglishdramaofthe18thdoesn'treachthesamehighlevelasitsnovel.Onereason:theLicensingActof1737RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德•布林斯利•施莱登1751~1816=1\*GB3①<TheRivals>情敌=2\*GB3②<TheSchoolforScandal>造谣学校Chapter9SamuelJohnson塞缪尔•约翰逊1709~1784Lexicographer,criticandpoetDictionary=<ADictionaryofEnglishLanguage>英语大词典JamesBoswell:Lifeoflondon(aclassicofEnglishbiography)Chapter11 OliverGoldsmith奥利弗•格尔德斯密斯1730~1774①poems:

<TheTraveller>旅游人

<TheDesertedVillage>荒村Bothwritteninheroiccouplet,consistingoftwoiambicpentameterlineslinkedbyrhyme.②novel:<TheVicarofWakefield>威克菲尔德牧师传=3\*GB3③comdies:TheGoodNaturedManShestoopstoConquer=4\*GB3④essay:TheCitizenoftheWorldChapter12EdwardGibbonEssayontheStudyofliteratureTheDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpireChapter13sentimentalismandpre-romanticisminpoetry1sentimentalisminEnglishpoetryTherepresentativesofsentimentalismcontinuedtostruggleagainstfeudalism,buttheysensedatthesametimethecontradictionsintheprocessofcapitalistdevelopment.Theappearanceanddevelopmentofsentimentalismpoetrymarksthemidwayinthetransitionfromclassicismtoitsoppositeromanticism.WilliamCowper:ThetaskGeorgeGrabbe:Thevillage2pre-romanticismThomasPercy:ReliquesofAncientEnglishpoetryJamesMacpherson:Thesaddestandthemostinterestingfigureofthepre-romanticmovement.TheRowleypapersChapter14 WilliamBlake威廉•布莱克1757~1827 ①<SongsofInnocence>天真之歌 Ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye. ②<SongsofExperience>经验之歌 Awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes. Include:

<TheChimneySweeper> <London> <TheTyger> Lambisasymbolofpeaceandpurity Tygerisasymbolofdreadandoiolence ③

<TheMarriageofHeavenandHell>天堂与地狱的婚姻HeidentifiesclassicismwithformalismChapter15RobertBurns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗①<JohnAnderson,MyJo>约翰•安德生，我的爱人②<ARed,RedRose>一朵红红的玫瑰③<AuldLongSyne>往昔时光④<AMan’saManforA’That>不管那一套⑤<MyHeart’sintheHighlands>我的心在那高原上⑥<BruceAtBannockburn>⑦<TheTreeOfLiberty>PartFive:RomanticisminEnglandChapter1theRomanticperiodTheromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s<LyricalBallads>,andendin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.Romanticism:Itemphasizethespecialqualitieofeachindividual’smind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace.TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romantic).“TheLakePoets”湖畔诗人，wholivedinthelakedistrict.WilliamWordsworth;SamuelTaylorColeridge;RobertSoutheyImportantevent:TheFrenchRevolutionPeterlooMasscareAmidthesesocialconflictsromanticismaroseasanewliterarytrend.Itprevailedinenglandduringtheperiod1798-1832.Generallyspeaking,theromanticistsexpressedtheideologyandsentimentofthoseclassesandsocialstratawhowerediscontentwith,andopposedto,thedevelopmentofcapitalism.Theworksofromanticistsisadissatisfactionwiththebourgeoissociety,theypaidgreatattentiontothespritualandemotionallifeofman.WalterscottmarkedthetransitionChapter2WilliamWordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。TheLakePoets）①<LyricalBallads>抒情歌谣集(withSamuelTaylorColeridge)Markedthebreakwiththeconventionalpoeticaltraditionofthe18thcentury.②<IWonderedLonelyAsACloud>我好似一朵流云独自漫游Theme:1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgivehim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace” 2.Itisblisstorecolledthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.Comment:Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils(水仙)andpoet’sphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.③LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey丁登寺赋④TheSolitaryReaper孤独的割麦女=5\*GB3⑤<ThePrelude>序曲autobiographicalpoemChapter3ColeridgeandSoutheyTheLakeSamuelTaylorColeridge塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治1772~1834①<TheRimeoftheAncientMariner>古舟子颂②<Christabel>柯里斯塔贝尔unfinished③<KublaKhan>忽必烈汗adream-poemArtisticfeatures:mysticism,demonismwithstrongimagination,astrangeterritory④<FrostatNight>半夜冰霜⑤<Dejection,anOde>忧郁颂⑥<LyricalBallads>抒情歌谣集(withWilliamWordsworth)RobertSouthey<TheFallofRobespierre>withColeridgeChapter4

GeorgeGordonByron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824（拜伦式英雄Byronicheroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。）“Byronichero”isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,againsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.①<DonJuan>唐•璜Writteninottavarima,eachstanzacontaining8iambicpentameterlinesrhymedabababcc<ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage>恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记Writteninspenserianstanza,ababbcbbc<Cain>该隐 ②<WhenWeTwoParted>当初我们俩分别<SheWalksInBeauty>Chapter5 PersyByssheShelley波西•比希•雪莱1792~1822PoeticDrama：<PrometheusUnbound>解放了的普罗米修斯Theme:thedramacelebraiesman’svictoryovertyrannyandoppressionlongpoem:<QueenMab>麦布女王Condemningtyrannyandexploitatuonandtheunjustwarwagedbytherichtoplunderwealth.Lookingforwardtoahappyfutureformankindbutrejectingthepathofrevolutionbyvoilence.<RevoltofIslam>伊斯兰的反叛<TheCenci>钦契一家<ADefenceofPoetry>诗辩<TheNecessityofAtheism>无神论的必要性anti-religiouspamphletLyrics:<OdetotheWestWind>西风颂Theme:Theauthorexpresshiseagernesstoenjoytheboundlessfreedomfromthereality.Comparethewestwindtodestroyeroftheoldwhodrivesthelastsignsoflifefromthetrees,andpreserverofthenewwhoscattertheseadsshichsillcometolifeinthespring.Thisisapoemaboutrenewal,aboutthewindblowinglifebackintodeadthings,implyingnotjustanarcoflife(whichwouldendatdeath)butacycle,whichonlystartsagainwhensomethingdies.Comment:PercyByssheShelley's"OdetotheWestWind"iswritteniniambicpentameter.Itcontainsfivesonnetlengthstanzas,eachwithaclosingcouplet.Therhymingschemeformisababcbcdcdedee.Thetoneispoignant.Manywillagreethatthispoemisaninvocationforanunseenforcetotakecontrolandrevivelife.Artisticfeatures: Usingrerzarima(三行诗ababcbcdcdedefe…)<ToaSkylark>致云雀Chapter6 JohnKeats约翰•济慈1795~1821(“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。)①Fourgreatodes:<OdeonaGrecianUrn>希腊古瓮颂<OdetoaNightingale>夜莺颂<OdetoPsyche>心灵颂<OdeOnMelancholy>忧郁颂②<ToAutumn>秋颂Theme:ThethemeofJohnKeats'poem,"ToAutumn",isthatchangeisbothnaturalandbeautiful.Thepoempraisesthegloriesofthefallseasonbyusingalmosteverytypeofimagerytobothcharmandappealtothereader.Comment:Thespeakerinthepoemacknowledgesthattimepassesby,butalsoassertsthatthischangeusuallyyieldssomethingnewandbetterthanwhatcamebefore.Eachofthepoem'sthreestanzasrepresentstheevolvingoftwodifferenttypesofchange.Onetypeofchangeshowninthepoemisthechangeofperiodsinaday.Chapter7CharlesLambTheEssaysofEliaChapter8HazlittandLeighHuntWilliamHazlitt:Essay:myfirstacquaintancewithpoetsLeighHunt:Eaasyist,critic,poetHedevelopedthelightmiscellaneouseaasy.Chapter9DeQuinceyTheconfessionsofanEnglishOpium-EaterChapter10WalterScott沃尔特•斯科特1771~1832 (历史小说之父”)Fatherofhistorynovels ①<RobRoy>罗伯•罗伊 ②<Ivanhoe>艾凡赫FeaturesofWalterScott'shistoricalnovels:1hehasanoutstandinggiftofvivifyingthepast.Hecombinedhistoricalfactwithromanticimagination2historicaleventsarecloselyinterwovenwiththefatesofindividuals3heisconcernednotonlywiththelivesanddeedsofkings,statementsandotherhitoricalfigures,butisalwaysmindfulofthefateoftheordinarypeople.4heisaromantic.5heisatroyPart6EnglishCriticalRealismChapter1theriseofEnglishCriticalRealisminEngland1socialbackgroundFromthethirtiesof19thcentury,thefundamentalcontradictionisthestrugglebetweentheworkersandcapitalist.Strengthenthepolicyofcolonialexpansion.1837,theworkersformulatedtheirpoliticaldemandsinThePeople'sChapter.2ChartistMovementandChartistLiteratureDuringtheChartistMovementnumerousChartistorganizationpublishednewspaperandmagazineswhich,besidesarticlesonpoliticalandeconomicalissues,containedpoems,shortstoriesandessaysonliterature.TheChartistwritersintroducedanewthemeintoliterature--thestruggleoftheproletariatforitsrights.ErnestJonesLongpoem:ThegreatestoftheChartistpoets.TheRevoltofHindostan,ortheNewWorldHefollowedthetraditionoftherevolutionaryromanticismofByronandShelley.Lycics:thesongoftheLowerClassesThesongoftheWage-SlaveThomasCooperThelastofthechartistsWilliamJamesLintonAwell-known“agitator”Lyric:BladeTimeWillCome3EnglishCriticalRealismThecriticalrealistsdescribedwithmuchvividnessandgreatartisticskillthechieftraitsoftheEnglishsocietyandcritizedthecapitalistsystemfromademocraticviewpoint.Theenglishcriticalrealistsnotonlygaveasatiricalportrayalofthebourgeoisieandalltherulingclasses,butalsoshowedprofoundsympathyforthecommonpeople.Theyuseahumourandsatire.Theywereunabletofindagoodsolutiontothesocialcontradictions.Theirworksisnotofrevolutionbutratherofreformism.Chapter2

CharlesDickens查尔斯•狄更斯1812~1870 （批判现实主义小说家）criticalrealistwriter ①<ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub>匹克威克外传 ②<OliverTwist>奥利弗•特维斯特（雾都孤儿） ③<TheOldCuriosityShop>老古玩店 ④

<AChristmasCarol>圣诞颂歌 ⑤<DombeyandSon>董贝父子 ⑥

<DavidCopperfield>大卫•科波菲尔 ⑦<BleakHouse>荒凉山庄 <HardTimes>艰难时世 ⑧<ATaleofTwoCities>双城记(London&Paris) ⑨<GreatExpectations>远大前程 ⑩<OurMutualFriend>我们共同的朋友

Chapter3WilliamMakepeaceThackeray威廉•麦克匹斯•萨克雷1811~1863 ①<VanityFair>oraNovelwithoutaHero名利场(thenameisanexcerptfrom<