2014人教版八年级英语下册初二上册英语知识点总结

牛津教育全新的课标理念优质的课程资源牛津教育全新的课标理念优质的课程资源Unit1Howoftendoyouexercise?语言要点—Howoftendoyouexercise?Idoexerciseonceamonth.—Whatdoyouusuallydoonweekends?Iusuallyplaysoccer.—Whatdotheydoonweekends?—Theyoftengotothemovies.—Whatdoeshedoonweekends?HesometimeswatchesTV.—Howoftendoyoushop?Ishoptwiceaweek.Everyday,always,usually,often,sometimes,ever,hardly,never,onceaweek,twiceamouthUnit1Howoftendoyouexercise?重点短语asfor 至于junkfood 垃圾食品eatinghabit 饮食习ofcourse 当然lookafter 照顾hardlyever 很少onweekends 在周末startwith 以……开everyday 每天threetimesaweek 一周三次alotof 很多surftheinternet 网上冲浪trytodosth 尽量去做某事makeadifference 使得结果不gotothemovies 看电影ingoodhealth 身体好Unit2What'sthematter?语言要点---What'sthematter?---Ihaveaheadache.Youshouldgotobed.---Hehasastomachache.Heshouldn'teatanythingfor24hours.---Shehasatoothache.Sheshouldseeadentist.seeadoctor/dentist,get/haveacold,giveadvice,haveatoothache,haveaheadache,haveastomachache,haveabackache,haveasorethroat,haveafever,liedownandrest,drinklotsofwater,drinkhotteawithhoney,few,stressedout,listentomusic,gettired,stay/keephealthy,atthemoment,ontheotherhand,abalanceddietUnit3Whatareyoudoingforvacation?语言要点---Whatareyoudoingforvacation?---I'mspendingtimewithmyfriends.---Whenareyougoing?---I'mgoingnextweek.---Howlongareyoustaying?---We'restayingfortwoweeks.sightseeing,fishing,relaxing,visiting,goingcamping,spendinghowlong,getback,athome,takeavacation,thinkabout,decideon,gobikeridingUnit4Howdoyougettoschool?语言要点---Howdoyougettoschool?---Itakethebus.---Howlongdoesittake?---Ittakes20minutes.---Howfarisit?---It's10miles.---Ittakessb.sometimetodosomething.bicycle,subway,car,train,busstation,busstop,minute,kilometer,mile,transportationgetto,ride,walk,take,depend,dependon,bybusUnit5Canyoucometomyparty?语言要点---Canyoucometomybirthdayparty?---Yes,I'dloveto.---Sorry,Ican't.Ihavetostudyforatest.I'msorry.I'mplayingsocceronSaturday.少数动词（如：come,go,begin,start,leave,arrive,return,stay等）可以用现在进行时表示一个预计要发生的动作。如：Heisleavingthedayaftertomorrow.---Canhegotothebaseballgame?---No,hecan't.Hehastostudyforatest.wordsandexpressions:invitation,studyforatest,cometotheparty,thewholeday,anotherday,trytosth.,havetodosth.,joinsb.,gototheconcertUnit6I'mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.语言要点---TinaistallerthanTara.---TomhasshorterhairthanSam.---Lindaismoreoutgoingthanme.形容词比较级的构成。词语：both,interest,interesting,though,begoodat,allthetime,lookthesame,twinsister,alittletaller,primaryschool,insomeways,thesameas,bedifferentfrom,oppositeview4. 个人特征方面的词汇：tall,thin,short,longhair,shorthair,funny,serious,outgoing,easygoing,athletic,quiet,intellectualUnit7Howmucharethesepants?词汇eacheveryeachevery强调整体中的“每个”ofhasacomputer.我们每个人都有计算机。Everystudentinourclassisheretoday.今天我们班的每位同学都到了。此外，each还可单独用作副词。如：Youcanbuysocksforonly＄4each.4美元就能买到。helphelp用作动词时，后面常接不定式作宾语，并且不定式符号to可以省略，即：help(to)dosomething（帮忙做某事；有助于……）或helpsomebody(to)dosomething（帮助某人做某事）。help后还可接介词with，即helpsomebodywithsomething，如：Myeldersisteroftenhelpsmewithmyhomework.我姐姐常帮我做作业。”Help!”是口语中在紧急时刻要别人帮忙时的用法，意思是“帮帮忙；救命”。help还有名词词性，意思是“帮助”，是不可数名词。如：Ineedyourhelp.我需要你的帮助。wantwant用作及物动词，后面直接接名词、代词，如：I'mthirsty.Iwantadrink.我渴了，想喝点饮料。wantwanttodosomethingIdon'twanttogototheparty.我不想参加那个晚会。wantwantsomebodytodosomething这种结构中，如：Idon'twantLindatohearaboutthis.我不想让琳达听到这件事。Youarewantedonthephone/intheoffice.则表示“有你的电话”或“办公室有人找你”。这里的want是“有事找（某人）”的意思。Unit7Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?语言要点---Howmanyapplesdoweneed?---Weneedtwo.---Howmuchbutterdoweneed?---Weneedoneteaspoon/twospoonsof...可数名词与不可数名词Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?First...Next...Then...Finally...祈使句重点短语：turnon/turnoff,howmany/howmuch,add...to...;letsb.sth.,o...Unit8Howwasyourschooltrip?词汇giftpresent两者都有“礼物”gift“捐赠之意。present“值钱不多的礼物”，表示下对上送礼的意思。有时两者可以互换，如：Thiswasgivenmeasabirthdaygift/present.Eachchildgavetheirmotheralittlepresent.每个孩子送给母亲一件小礼物。getwinget表示“获得；得到”之意，指通过某种方式或手段得到某种东西，得到的东西可能是我们想要的，yougetmeaticket?你能给我弄张票吗？gain表示“”竞争或斗争而获得某种有价值的东西。如：Shegainedherexperiencebyworkingasateacher.她靠当老师获取经验。win除表示“（在竞赛、游戏、选举等中）获胜；赢”之意，还表示“（通过艰苦努力或凭能力）获得；博得”，如：Icouldn'twinherfriendship.我无法获得她的友谊。attheend，intheendbytheendofattheendintheend都表示最后；终于”attheendofgoingonholidayattheendofJuly.Intheend,wefoundthehouse.最后，我bytheendof指“到某一时间之前theendofthewar,thesmallwork-shophadbecomealargefactorywhichemployed728people.到战争结束时，这个小铺子已经变成雇有728个工人的大工厂了。end作名词也可以指地点或事物的“尽头；终点”等，如：Myfriendswaitedformeattheendofthestreet.我的朋友在街道尽头等我Unit8Howwasyourschooltrip?语言要点---Whatdidyoudo/seeonyourlastschooltrip?---I/Wewent/saw...---Whatelsedidyoudo?---Ibought...---Didyoubuy/go...?---Yes,I/Wedid./No,I/wedidn't.---Wheredidyougoyesterday?---Iwentto...---Werethereanysharks/seals...?---Yes,therewere./No,thereweren't.重点词汇：aquarium,zoo,science,centre,giftshop,souvenir,seal,shark,octopus,dolphin,takephotos,getone'sautograph,prize,movie,hangout,goforadrive,sleeplate一些规则动词和不规则动词的过去式Unit9Whenwasheborn?语言要点---Whenwassheborn?---Shewasbornin1973.---Howlongdidhehiccup?---Hehiccuppedfor69yearsand5months.Youarenevertooyoungtostartdoingthings.violinist,skater,pianist,athleteprofessional,talented,loving,outstanding,unusual,creativeUnit10I'mgoingtobeabasketballplayer.同步词汇·No.1travel,trip和journeytraveltripjourney中途不到别处而直接到达目的地的旅行。·No.2yet和alreadyyetHaveyoufinishedyet?你完成了吗？ehasn’tdonetyet.他alreadyrainhasleft.火车已经开走了。·No.3build,setup,putup和foundbuild表示“建立；修建”之意，既可用于具体事物，也可用于抽象事物。build表示建造具体事物时buildisofmediumbuild.setup表示“树立；建立；设立”之意，着重于开始的含义，既可与表示具体事物的名词连用，也可与抽象名词setupfound，不用putup或build。在表示“支起帐篷”时用setup或putup，不用buildputupbuild的非正式形式，一般可与build，setup互换，但不能用于建造found也可与表示抽象事物的名词连用。Unit10I'mgoingtobeabasketballplayer.语言要点---Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?---I'mgoingtobeabasketballputerprogrammer,pilot,engineer,editor,journalistsoundlike,atthesametime,keepfit,getapart-timejob,growup,movetoUnit11Whattimedoyougotoschool?同步词汇·No.1dish,bowl和cupdish是指陶瓷、金属、玻璃、木制的大盘子，用以装菜肴端至餐桌，个人面前的浅盘是plate，咖啡杯、碗等的托碟是saucer。bowl指大碗，是那种圆而深的容器。cup指喝茶、咖啡等用的杯子，通常有柄。dish还可表示“（盛放在盘碟的）食物；菜肴”，如：Whatisourfavoritedish?你最喜欢的菜是什么？·No.2lend和borrowlend的意思是“借出；借给（别人）”，tolentmypentohim.我把钢笔借给了borrow的意思是“借进；从（某人那里）from时，可以说以下两句中的任何一句：Couldyoulendmeyourbicycle?MayIborrowyourbicycle?·No.3could和can两者都是情态动词，could可以做can的过去时态。could用在疑问句中可以表示提出请求或委婉地Sure，Certainly；否定回SorryIcan’t.或Sorry.youhelpmetakeittotheclassroom?你能帮我把它拿到教室去吗？Unit11Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?语言要点---Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?---Yes,sure./Nopro