【2022】2019新人教版八年级上册英语单元语法及知识点归纳

新人教版八年级上册英语单元语法及知识点归纳Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?【重点语法】不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。用法注意：someany/不可数名。some多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。有些问句中用some,any,肯定回答。some,any,no,every与body,one,thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时，其谓语动词用三单。interesting【重点短语】buysthforab./buysb.sth为某人买某物taste+adj.……nothing...but+原形)除了……之外什么都没有seem+(tobe)+adj看起来arrivein+大地方/arriveat+小地方到达某地decidetodosth.决定做某事trydoingsth./trytodosth.尽力做某事enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事wanttodosth.想去做某事startdoingsth.=begindoingsth.stopdoingsth.stoptodosth.停下来去做某事dislikedoingsth.不喜欢做某事14.so+adj+that+从句如此……以至于……tellsb.(not)todosth.告诉某人（不要）keepdoingsth.继续做某事forgettodosth./forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事【词语辨析】takeaphoto/takephotos拍照quiteafew+名词复数“许多…”seem+形容词看起来 Youseemhappytoday.seem+todosth.似乎/好像做某事IseemtohaveacoldItseems+从句似乎 Itseemsthatnoonebelieveyou.seemlike...好像，似乎 Itseemslikeagoodidea.arrivein大地=getto=地点名“到达 ”arriveat+小地点（注：若后跟地点副词here/there/home,arrivehere;getfeellikesth…feeldoingsth.wonder（想知道疑问词（who,what,引导的从句。becauseof+名/代because+从句Hecan’ttakeawalkbecauseoftherain.Idon’tbuytheshirtbecauseitwastooexpensive.enough…...形容词/副词+enoughUnit2Howoftendoyouexercise?【重点语法】:always,usually,often,sometimes,never频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前,be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中。“”的表达方法一次once，两次twice，三次或三次以上：基数词+times,如：threetimes,fivetimes,howoften“常见的how疑问词：Howsoon多久（以后）—Howsoonwillhebeback?他多久能回来？—Hewillbebackinamonth.他一个月后能回来。howlong”—Howlongdidittakeyoutocleanthehouse?你打扫房子用了多久？—Ittookmehalfanhourtocleanthehouse.我打扫这房子用了半小时。Howmany+Howmuch+不可名“多少”问数量（howmuch还可问价格）【重点短语】gotothemovies去看电影lookafter=takecareof照顾surftheinternet上网healthylifestyle健康的生活方式goskateboarding去划板keephealthy=stayhealthy保持健康eatinghabits饮食习惯takemoreexercise做更多的运动thesameas与什么相同bedifferentfrom不同onceamonth一月一次twiceaweek一周两次makeadifferenceto对 有影/作用mostofthestudents=moststudentsshop=goshopping=dosomeshopping购物begoodfor对 有益bebadfor对 有害comehomefromschool放学回家ofcourse=certainly=sure当然getgoodgrades取得好成绩keep/beingoodhealth保持健康takeavacation去度假【词语辨析】maybe/maybemaybe是副词，意大概，可能，或”，一般用于句首Maybe是情态动词，意可能...，也许是 ，大概是 ”.Thebabyiscrying.Maybesheishungry.Thewomanmaybeateacher.afew/few/alittle/littleafew(少数的，几个，一些)

alittle(一点儿，少量)

表示肯定few(很少的，几乎没有的)修饰可数名词

little(有的)修饰不可数名词

表示否定Peoplecanliveto100,butfewpeoplecanliveto150.Thereislittletimeleft.Iwon’tcatchthefirstbus.Couldyougivemealittlemilk?hard/hardlyhard”。hardly。ThegroundistoohardtoIcanhardlyunderstandIt’sraininghard.Thepeoplecanhardlygooutside.Asforhomework,moststudentsdohomeworkeveryday.asfor...意思是“至于；关于”，+名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如：Asforhim，Ineverwanttoseehimhere.至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。Asforthestory，you'dbetternotbelieveit.关于那故事，你最好不要相信。Thatsoundsinteresting.听起来），look（看起来闻起来），taste（尝起来feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：Ittastesgood.这味道好。Themusicsoundsverysweet.这音乐听起来很入耳。Thesmokegrewheavierandheavier.烟雾变得越来越浓了。percent“……”百分数的表示方法：基+percent不用复数形)，percent做主语时，谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定50％：fiftypercent 百分之五十Fiftypercentoftheapplesarebad.50%的苹果都坏了。Twentypercentofthemeatisinthefridge.20%的肉都在冰箱not…atall意为”，not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。Thestoryisn’tinterestingatall.那个故事一点也没有趣。Itis+adj.todosth.……的。Itisinterestingtoplaycomputergames.玩电脑很有趣。take,spend,payIttakessb.sometimetodosth.意为“花费某人……时间来做某事”。人(sb.)spend时间/钱onsth.“买某物花了……钱”。人(sb.)spend/(in)doing“”。pay”pay...for...however”，表示转折关系，可放在句首、句中、句末。Unit3I’mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.【重点语法】形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词的原形就是原级或更……...。:+be++than+B“A比B更与B必须是同级的，即必须是人与人，物与物进行对比）+than+表示“AB…”比较A，B两/两事物问其中哪一个较 时用句型：“Who/which+谓语动词+adj./adv.比较级，AorB?”Whoisthinner,JennyorMary?比较级的特殊用法+and+”““moreand原级”(…),比较级(…)”越…”Themore,thebetter.+is+the形容词比较+ofthetwo+名复主语是两者中较 的”两者在某一方面相同：A+/be+as+adj./adv.原级+as+HelenisastallasAmy.PeterstudiesashardasTom.表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时，用“notas/so+形容词或副词原级+as”Iamnotastallasmysister.形容词，副词比较级前的修饰语。当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时，可以用much,alot,alittle,abit,等来修饰形容词比较级。注意:比较级不能用very,so,too,quite等修饰。【重点短语】1.moreoutgoing更开朗2.as...as...与……一样thesingingcompetition歌咏比赛themostimportant最重要的betalentedinmusic在音乐方面有天赋thesameas与……相同careabout/留意关注bedifferentfrom与 不同belikeamirror像一面镜子aslongas只要；与 一样长bringout/显出getbettergrades取得更好的成绩reachfor/达到touchone’sheart感动infact事实上makefriends交朋友begoodat在某方面成绩好theother另一个besimilarto与…相似begoodwith与和睦相处havefun=Haveagoodtime玩得开心havefundoingsth做某事很开心dothesamethingsasme.做和我一样的事情It’s+adj+（forsb.）todosth做某事（对某人来说）...的”24makefriendswithsb.与某人交朋友25.aslongas只要；既然，引导条件状语从句【词语辨析】begoodat=dowellin......careabout关心carefor关爱takecare(当/小心)takecareof(照顾)=lookaftermakesb.dosth.：让使某人做某事（make后跟不带to的不定式）Hisfatheralwaysmakemegetupbeforefiveo'clock.makesb.+形容词：使某人保持某种状态Myfriendsalwaysmakemehappy.belike“…”Iamlikeyoursister.looklike“外貌上的像”Ilooklikemysister.That’s……That'swhyIstudyEnglishhard.那就是我努力学习英语的原因。bedifferentfrom与不同反：bethesameas与……though①adv.不过；可是；然而（句末补充说明使语气减弱）②conj.虽然；尽管=although，与but不能同时用在一个句子中Hesaidhewouldcome.Hedidn’t,though.他说他要来，可是并没有来。Though/Althoughhehasbeendeadformanyyears,manypeoplestillrememberhim.尽管他已经去世很多年了，但很多人仍然记得他。getbettergrades取得更好的成绩does(助动词do/did)，为了避免重复，可代替上文出现过的实意动词。begoodwithsb.与某人相处得好Unit4What’sthebestmovietheater?【重点语法】标志词：表比较范围时用in/of形容词最高级前须加定冠词the，副词最高级前可省略the。“三者（或以上）……的的句型1）A+be+the+表示范围（in/of介词短语）2）A++(the)副词最高级+表示范围的of/in介词短语常用句式Who/Which…+…,A,BorC?oneof+the,最…。3）序数词后跟形容词最高级【重点短语】sofar到目前为止，迄今为止noproblem没什么，别客气have….incommon有相同特征（想法、兴趣等方面）相同beupto…...决定/是 的职责allkindsof………playaroleindoingsth./sth.发挥作用，有影响makeup编造（故事、谎言等）forexample=e.g.例如take…..seriously认真对待noteverybody并不是每个人closeto离 近moreandmore……【词语辨析】Howdoyoulike名/代/V-ing=Whatdoyouthink“…Thanksfor=Thankyoufor名/代/V-ing:“感谢…”You’rewelcome.=Notatall不客气talent名（可）天赋talentshow才艺表演talentedadj.有天赋的betalentedin在 方面有天赋begoodat…(＝dowellin)反义短语poor/weakin在 方面薄弱begoodfor对……有益，后跟人或事物；其反义短语是bebadforbegoodto对……好(和善；慈爱)，相当于befriendlyto，后面通常接人allkindsof各种各样的differentkindsofakindof…...*kindof+adj.：kindofboring/fat/thinwinvt.赢得奖品winnern.赢者watchsb.dosth.观看某人做了某事watchdoingsth.观看某人正在做某事举例：suchas常列举几个例子，不能穷尽，可和andso等等连用；likesuchas互换；forexample一般//句末。Unit5Doyouwanttowatchagameshow?【重点语法】youthinkof…?=Howdoyoulike…?描述喜好Ilove/like/don’tmind/dislike/can’tstand…+V+其他；主语（三单)+其他)【重点短语】findout查出/发现bereadytodo…dressup/化妆成takeone'splace代替某人doagoodjob表演的出色thinkof想到/思考gameshow游戏节目learnfrom向 学习talkshow访谈节目soapopera肥皂剧goon继续watchamovie看电影oneof…其中之一tryone’sbestto=doone’sbestto竭尽全力apairof一双asfamousas/出名looklike看起来像aroundtheworld世界各地haveadiscussionabout讨论…...oneday有一天/某一天suchas例如asymbolof/标志somethingenjoyable快乐的事情interestinginformation有趣的信息【词语辨析】want+n……wanttodosth想要做某事wantsbtodosth……mind+代词/V-ingstand“站,站立”e.g.Standup!起立“”(),名/代/V-ingplanvt.&计划,打算，plantodosth.planplansv.discuss讨论)+ion→n.discussionhadadiscussionaboutsth.对某事进行讨论happenv.;出现sth+happenstosb.”或“sthhappened+时间/地点”句式情态动词maycan可能”might“”may/mightnot“”Theymaynotbeveryexciting.它们可能不是那么令人兴奋。expecttodosth.期盼做某事hopetodosth:希望干某事很多动词后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语，如：want,like,hope,wish,learn,start,begin,prefer,try,askbefamousas而出名befamousforsth.因为 而出名oneof……之一。其后的谓语动词用单数。OneofmyfavoritemoviesisMr.Bean.我最喜欢的电影之一是憨豆先生。shown.节目TVshows/talent展示showsth.tosb.=showsb.sth.Unit6I’mgoingtostudycomputerscience.【重点词语短语用法解析】wanttobe/become)名词:“…..”Iwanttobe(be)ascientistwhenIgrowup.writestories写故事tellstories讲故事keepondoingsth.继续做某事（表动作的反复）keepingdoingsth.保持做某事（表动作或状态的持续）besureabout+名/代/V-ing“Areyousureaboutthat?makesure(that)+从句确保 ”Makesurethatbothdoorsareclosedwhenyougoout.learnsth.WemustlearnEnglisheveryday.learntodosth.Iamgoingtolearntoplay(play)thepiano.discussv.讨论；商量名词是discussiondiscusswithsb.与某人讨论:Discussthisquestionwithyourpartner.Let’sdiscussthisproblem.让我们讨论一下这个问题。Allweneednowisaction,notdiscussion.我们现在需要的是行动，不是讨论。beabletodosth.能够做某事can:can+beableto+动词原形，有人称和数的变化，可用于多种时态。canableto更侧重于经过努力、克服一定困难有能力做成某事。Hewillbeableto(能够)speakEnglishnextyear.（在此不能填can）promisen.v.许诺；承诺；答应makeapromise(tosb)（对某人）许下诺言keepapromise遵守诺言breakapromise违背诺言promise(sb)todosth.许诺某人干某事promise(sb)+that从句Hepromisedtohelpme.他许诺过要帮助我。IpromisedthatIstudyhardfromnowon.我承诺从现在起努力学习。havetodowith……有关系Thebookhastodowithcomputers.那本书与计算机有关。takeupsth./doing尤指为消遣）学着做；开始做Iamgoingtotakeupcookingnextyear.明年我将要学煮饭。Sometimestheresolutionsmaybetoodifficulttokeep.too+形容/副词to+动词原形，表“…...而不能 如：Thekidistooyoungtoplaythisgame.这个小孩太小，不能玩这个游戏。one’sown名词“”，强调某物为个人所有myownbook我自己的书本【重点语法】一般将来时“am/is/aregoingto+动词原形”结构基本形式否定式：am/is/arenotgoingto+动词原形一般疑问式：am/is/are++goingto+一般疑问式？HeisgoingtospendhisholidaysinLondon.他打算在伦敦度假。Lookatthedarkclouds.Thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。Ishegoingtocollectanydataforus?他会帮我们收集数据吗？Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天你打算作什么？基本用法表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。DadandIaregoingtowatchanoperathisafternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。Look!Therecomethedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.瞧！乌云密集。天要下雨了。Unit7Willpeoplehaverobots?【重点词语/短语用法解析】many+......much+不可数名词许多......liveto基数词+yearsold“活到 岁”beingreatdanger处在极大的危险中playapartin名/代/V-ing./做某事Everyoneshouldplayapartinsavingtheearth.help(sb.)withsth.帮助（某人）做某事HeoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助（某人）……HeoftenhelpsmestudyEnglish.helponeself(to)自用(食物等)Helpyourselftothefish.请随便吃鱼thesameas………......bedifferentfromIttakes/took/willtakesb.sometimetodosth.……(时态根据具体情况决定）Ittakesmeanhourtogettomyoffice.spendtime／moneyonsth.在……上花费时间（金钱）sb.spendtime／money(in)doingsth.花费时间（金钱）做某事。Ispenttwohoursonthismathproblem.这道数学题花了我个小时。Theyspenttwoyearsbuildingthisbridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。hundredsof+名词复数许多/......数词+hundred+名词复数几百......类似的数词还有thousand（千）,million（万Therearefourhundredstudentsinourgrade.TherearehundredsoftouristsinBeijingeveryyear.during在期间duringthevacation/thedaytime/theweekendthemeaningof 的意思Canyoutellmethemeaningofthewords?【重点语法】一般将来时Unit8Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?【重点词语/短语用法解析】cut是切,割”的意思，过去式为cutcutup切碎”Cutupthebananas.=CutthebananasCutit/themup.turnon,()turnoff关掉,截断(电流、煤气、水等)turnup开大,调高(音量、热量等)turndown调低,关小(音量、热量等)onemorething另外一件事情anothertenminutes再多十分钟数字+more+物品指“另外的……another+数字+物品指“另外的……当数字为one时，常与more连用或只用another。Givemetwomorehamburgers？anothertwohamburgersforgettodosth.忘记（去）做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记已做过某事。It’satime（forsb）.todosth.该是（某人）做某事的时期了It’stime（forsb.）todosth.=It’stimeforsth.该是（某人）做某事的时间了。It’satimeforyoutostudyEnglish.It’stimeforustogotoschool.(It’stimeforschool.)givethanksfor名/代V-ing“感恩 ”Weshouldgivethanksforourparents.Hegavethanksforlifeandfood.MostAmericansstillcelebratethisideasofgivingthanksbyhavingabigmeal.by+sth./doing:…...方式IstudyEnglishbylisteningtoEnglishsongs.在...…的旁边Iamsittingbythepool.3）在...…之前Ihavetogotoschoolby4）搭乘Igotoschoolbybus.Hereis名单()“…”是倒装句Hereisaphotoofmyfamily.Hereare+名复HerearesomeEnglishbooks.当宾语是代词时，要用顺装。如：Hereyouare.(对)Hereareyou.(错)fillsth.withsth.用...…把…...装满()befullof“装满…”(强调状态)Ifilledthecupwiththemilk.Thecupisfullofthemilk.put…in(into)……...放到 里cover…with…用 覆盖cut…into…...切成 Cuttheappleintofourpieces.cutup…切碎servev.n.serviceserve+名/代“提供…”Theshopservesnicefood.servesb.sth.=servesth.tosb.Serveittoyourfriendswithsomevegetables.servesb.withsth.“用某物招待某人”Servetheguestswithsometea.【重点语法】名词的单复数Unit9Canyoucometomyparty?【重点词语/短语用法解析】one…another…表示不确定数目中的另一个one…theother…表示两者中的另一个Idon'tlikethisone,canyoushowmeanother?Ihavetwobrothers.Oneisalawyerandtheotherisamanager.some…others…表示没有范围限定“一些 另一些 ”some…theothers…表示某一范围一些...…其余的 ”Somegotoschoolbybikeandothersgotoschoolbybus.Somegotoschoolbybikeandtheothersgotoschoolbybus.invitev.n.invitationinvitesb.todosth.“邀请某人干某事”invitesb.to+地点名词Mr.Greeninvitedmetovisithisfactorylastweek.ThanksalotforyourinvitationThanksforinvitingmetoyourparty.3.（1）What’sthedatetoday?意为“今天是几月几号？”It’s+月+日。（2）Whatdayisittoday?意为+星期几。—What’sthedate?—It’sSeptember10th.—Whatdayisittoday?—It’sWednesday.havealesson(class)上课haveanEnglishlessonpreparev.n.preparationpreparesth.“”prepareforsth.“为……”，指为后面的宾语做准备preparetodosth”bring.to…“”把某物从别的地方带到说话人的地方take…to…“带去”把某物从说话的地方带到别处去。（两者方向相反）Bringyourhomeworkhere,andtakethebookaway.把你的作业拿过来，把这本书带走。without（介词）没有反义词：具有Wecan’tlivewithoutwater.Janeisabeautifulgirlwithlonghair.sothatIstudyhardsothatIcangetgoodgrades.surprisen.惊奇surprisedadj.感到惊奇的（指人）surprisingadj.令人惊奇的（指物besurprisedat”toone’ssurprise“令某人惊奇的是”I’msurprisedatthesurprisingnews.我对这个令人惊讶的消息感到很吃惊。Tomysurprise,heleftwithoutleavingaword.令我惊奇的是，他一声不响地离开了。lookforwardto介词名/代/V-ingIlookforwardtoyourreply.我期待你的答复。Ilookforwardtoseeingyouagain.hearfromsb.=getaletterfromsb.收到某人的来信。Iheardfrommyfriendsyesterday.=Igotaletterfrommyfriendyesterday.thebestwaytodosth.做某事的最好方式Exercisingisthebestwaytokeephealthy.howtodothat.“”+todosth常用来做宾语Idon’tknowhowtomakeabananamilkshake.Idon’tknowwhattodo.attheendof在末尾”Now,itisattheendof2014.反义短语：atthebeginningof“在…开始”beglad/happy/sadtodo/难过做某事Iamgladtoseeyou.replyto回复…”Replyinwritingtotheinvitation“以写信形式回复这份邀请函”【重点语法】一.表示邀请的句型Can/Couldyou…(cometomyparty)?Wouldyouliketo..(Wouldyouliketomyparty)?接受：Sure/Yes/Ofcourse,I’dlove/liketo.拒绝:：①I’msorry,Ican’t.Ihaveto/must+V原(陈述理由)②I’dlove/liketo,butI…(理由)3.I’mafraidnot.I…(理由)二.must与havetomust“表示“”:needn’t或don'thaveto(不必)。mustn’t表示“”.haveto:don’t/doesn’t/didn’thaveto)—MustIbehomebeforeeighto’clock?8点之前我必须回家吗？—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't./No,youdon'thaveto.Unit10Ifyougototheparty,you’llhaveagreattime!【重点词语/短语用法解析】haveagreattime意为”，=enjoyoneself,havefun,haveagood/wonderful/nicetimehaveagreat/goodtimein(doing)sth.做某事很开心asksb.（not）todosth.要求某人（不）做某事Theteachersaskustodo(do)lotsofhomework.ordersth.from“”Iwanttoordersomebooksfromthebo