2021年全国高考英语一卷D篇阅读理解详解 词汇整理 原文中英文赏析

5/5PAGE2021．06全国高考英语一卷D篇阅读理解详解+词汇整理+原文中英文赏析试题文本第一段:Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson’smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.原文节选第一段对照:Popularizationhasinsomecasesdistortedtheoriginalscientificdefinitionofemotionalintelligence.Manypeoplenowequateemotionalintelligencewithalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand"peopleskills."Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.1.本段关键信息词汇:changed,popularization,original,misunderstand,makeup,farbeyond,skill-based，but,a.Popularization:/ˌpɒpjələraɪˈzeɪʃn/n.通俗化，大众化；普及b.makeup:天性;性格；n.组成，构造；化妆品；<美>补考；天性，性格；补给，补充复数makeupsSomeone'smake-upistheirnatureandthevariousqualitiesintheircharacter.Therewassomefatalflawinhismakeup,andastimewentonhelapsedintolongsilencesorbecameoff-hand.他的性格有致命的缺陷，随着时间的推移，他陷入了久久的沉默，或者变得漠然。2.黑体词部分从语篇思维角度可能会是影响阅读理解的关键词，也可能是命题题点所需要支持的信息词。32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson’smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.本题题干提问信息词汇:misunderstanding。相对应上面2提到的阅读以及命题关键词:misunderstood。本题的四个选项对这一部分进行了paraphrase/ˈpærəfreɪz/美/ˈpærəfreɪz/vt.释义干扰项把原文信息进行了相反的paraphrase，正确项貌似对信息almosteverythingdesirable进行了paraphrase:Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.但事实上，desirable和positive是两个具有不同性质的修饰类形容词。两者严谨来讲不能同指同一事物。此处，答案选择D。desirable英/dɪˈzaɪərəbl/adj.令人向往的，值得拥有的；可取的；性感的n.称心意的人（或物），好的品质文本第一段命题人修改了两个信息词distorted-changed;equate-misunderstood。这两对词汇的替换是否恰当，供读者们探讨。本观点认为有欠妥当，因为欠妥当，引起32题的设计结合原文让人感觉不地道。Distort相似与misunderstood，而equate和misunderstood基本很难语义相关。考试文本第二段:Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Weprefertodefineemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeitherprosocialorantisocialpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyperceivehowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyatherapisttogaugehowbesttohelpherclients,whereasaconartistmightuseittomanipulatepotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneanethicalperson.1.标色部分为“第二段”的试题文本和原文改动词汇对比。试题文本被认为在此处划分了另一段落。是否符合语篇写作形式逻辑，需要从写作技巧上进行具体分析。2.事实上，define无需改为describe。Prosocialorantisocialpurposes改为goodorbadpurposes已经改变了，原作者的写作意图，两者含义区别很大，会给读者造成一定的思维干扰。perceive,understand,know这样的替换还是可以的。therapist/doctor，gauge/find,client/patient,whereas/while,conartist/cheater的替换也可以接受。Ethical应该是课标词汇，无需修改。3.“Theability<>maybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.”这是一个复杂句子，theability指上文提到的emotionalintelligence所代表的能力。Theabilitymaybeusedbyadoctortofind...whereas(此处还是觉得原词更好)表示“指定性转折对比”，医生可以用以对症治疗，骗子也可能拿来行骗。得出结论:有情商的人群可能是具有两面性的分类人群。33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.此题属于细节理解题。理解了原文信息就可以读懂题干。但是选项信息区别性不是太大，命题人从主观角度给出B为标准答案。比较起来，B为最佳。AC并没有原则上的非正确性的信息支持。考试文本第三段:Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.原文对照:Althoughpopularclaimsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasisonemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwelfare.1.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.虽然关于情商的流行(大众化)观点远远超出了研究所能提供的合理支持(论证)，但宣传的总体效果是利大于弊。a.runfaraheadof:远远跑在前面。此处语境指“远远超过”。b.publicityn.(媒体的)关注，宣传，报道;宣传业;广告宣传工作;传播工作publicity英/pʌbˈlɪsəti/美/pʌbˈlɪsəti/n.（媒体的）关注，报道；宣传，推广；宣传业，广告行业；宣传品，广告；引起公众关注的事物2.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasisonemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwelfare.这种普及(媒体宣传形成的人们的普遍认知)最积极的方面是雇主、教育工作者和其他关心促进社会福利的人对情感的一种新的和急需的强化。试题文本第四段:Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.原文对照:Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchpsychologyreevaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservehumansadaptivelyineverydaylife.此处researchpsychology/researchers,humans/people的替换意义不是很大，原文词汇更加贴切达意。1.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.情商的普及帮助公众和研究者重新评估情感的功能以及它们如何在日常生活中适应性地为人们服务。34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.询问作者情感态度的试题一般可以通过文章信息获得答案。文本3.4段表明作者的态度是肯定的。试题文本第五段:Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.1.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.虽然情绪智力的持续流行的吸引力是可取的，我们希望这种关注将激发对情绪的科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。2.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将提供新的视角以此来研究人们如何管理(引领)自己的生活。此处，原文当中的navigate要比修改后的manage更能表达意义。3.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.情商，以其对头脑和心灵的关注，可能会为我们指明正确的方向。原文对照:Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisbothwarrantedanddesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillstimulateagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesincognitiveandaffectivesciencewillofferintertwiningperspectivesfromwhichtostudyhowpeoplenavigatetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayadequatelyservetopointusintherightdirection.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.此题的命题点属于对段落大意进行概括，关联关键词“hope,will，may”,链接答案中的expectations。D项的语言表述是有问题的。B项可以改为:Expectationsforfuturestudiesonit.C项可以改为:Thepracticalapplicationonit.总结:本文是节选。文章基本表意完整。选取这一部分视角和普通关于情商的认知有一定的差异性。也正是这种认知差异性使得本文通过英语传达的思想略有难度。文本有一些复杂句，但整体句式整齐，没有偏怪句式，不会产生明显的句式语言障碍。当然，也会对学生的基本语法习得情况有一定的区分度。试题命制中规中矩。试题文本被命题人划分为5段，从文法角度是否严谨科学有待考证。建议语篇分析此文时酌情科学进行。试卷试题:Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson’smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisbothwarrantedanddesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillstimulateagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.节选原文:Popularizationhasinsomecasesdistortedtheoriginalscientificdefinitionofemotionalintelligence.Manypeoplenowequateemotionalintelligencewithalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand"peopleskills."Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertodefineemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeitherprosocialorantisocialpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyperceivehowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyatherapisttogaugehowbesttohelpherclients,whereasaconartistmightuseittomanipulatepotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneanethicalperson.在某些情况下，大众化扭曲了情商的原始科学定义。现在，许多人将情商等同于一个人的构成中几乎所有需要的东西，而这些东西是IQ测试无法衡量的，比如性格、动机、信心、心理稳定性、乐观主义和“人际交往能力”。研究表明，情商技能可能有助于提高其中一些素质，但很多（我们期望的优秀）素质远远超出了基于技能的情商。我们更倾向于将情绪智力定义为一组特定的技能，可以用于亲社会或反社会目的。治疗师可以利用准确感知他人感受的能力来衡量如何最好地帮助客户，而骗子则可以利用这种能力来操纵潜在的受害者。情感上的智慧并不一定能使人成为一个有道德的人。Althoug