【高考英语专题】高考英语虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood讲义

虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood一：分类1在英语中有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气2虚拟语气表示说话的人的一种愿望、意见、命令、要求，有时候是一种非真实的假设、料想或者是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。二、形式虚拟语气经常用在if引导的条件状语从句中，在条件句中做出和事实不相符的一种假设。a.和现在事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+动词过去式+其它(be动词用were)主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形+其它如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.Ifhehadenoughmoney,hewouldbuyacomputer.b.和过去事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+haddone+其它主语+hadbeendone+其它（被动）主语+would/should/could/might+havedone主语+would/should/could/might+havebeendone(被动)如：Ifyouhadcomefiveminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Iftheyhadbeentreatedintime,theywouldnothavedied.c.和将来事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+weretodo+其它主语+动词过去式+其它主语+should+动词原形+其它主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形如：IfIweretodoit,Iwoulddoitinanotherday.Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldn’tbeabletogoonpicnic.d.混合条件句混合条件句是指条件句是对过去事实相反的假设，而主句则表示现在的某种情况。If从句主句主语+haddone+其它主语+would/should/could/might+be+表语主语+would/should/could/might+be+doing主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形三、注意点①如果从句中有were、had或者should时，则可以省略if，并将were、had或者should提前至句首，构成部分倒装，但如果是否定句，则否定词not不提前。如：WereItobeyoungagain,Iwouldstudymedicine.=IfIweretobeyoungagain,Iwouldstudymedicine.Hadyounotleftsoearly,youmighthavemissedthetrain.=Ifyouhadnotleftsoearly,youmighthavemissedthetrain.②用介词短语代替条件状语从句，常用的介词有with,without,butfor.如：Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.③在句中出现了表示转折的连词，如or,orelse,otherwise等，如果句意和事实不符也要用虚拟语气。如：Youdidwhatyouwereaskedto,otherwiseyouwouldhavebeenpunished.④如果句子中有短语forfearthat,lest,incase时，要用should+动词原形来表示虚拟，should可以省略。如：Heisworkinghardforfearthathefail.⑤如果句子前半部分是虚拟，句中出现了but，后面句子则不用虚拟语气。如:四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用1.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中a.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中，不表示“和事实相反的假设”而表示说话者的一种意愿、决心、要求、命令和建议。“一、二、三、四”“一坚持insist二命令order,command三建议advise,suggest,propose四要求ask,require,request,demand”虚拟形式“在从句谓语动词前加should，should可以省略。MyteachersuggestedthatI(should)spendmoretimelearningEnglish.注意：当suggest翻译成“暗示、表明”；insist翻译成“坚持认为、坚持说”，坚持的是一种事实，而不是表示一种命令或者要求时，不应该用虚拟语气，应该用陈述语气。Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemonry.b.在wouldrather后的宾语从句中也要用虚拟语气。wouldrather对现在、将来虚拟：一般过去时(did/be用were)对过去的虚拟：过去完成时(haddone0Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.Iwouldrathertheydidn’thearofthenews.c.wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。对现在虚拟一般过去时(did/be用were)对过去虚拟过去完成时(haddone)对将来虚拟过去将来时(woulddo)IwishIwereaflyingbirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.IwishIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.HowIwishitwouldbefinetomorrow!注意：howIwish…=ifonly(要是……就好了)，虚拟和wish虚拟用法一致。2.虚拟语气用在主语从句中a.Itis/was+adj.+that+主语+shoulddo(should可以省略)adj:advisable,desirable,impossible,normal,necessary,possible…Itisnaturalthathe(should)thinkso.Itwasnecessarythattheplanshouldbeplannedcarefully.b.Itis/was+n.+that+主语+shoulddo(should可以省略)①表示“惊奇、怀疑、遗憾”等意义的名词词组，如:afact,agoodthing,apity,ashame,awonder…②表示“请求、命令、建议、决心”等意义的名词，如advice,demand,decision,order,proposal,requirement,suggestion…Itisapitysheshouldsayso.Itwasherorderthatthemattershouldbediscussed.③Itis/was+过去分词+that+主语+shoulddo(should可以省略)用在该句型中的动词过去分词表示“请求、命令、建议”等。ItisrequestedthatMissLishouldgiveaperformanceattheparty.④Itis(high)timethat+主语+did/shoulddo，should不可以省略到做……的时间了。3.虚拟语气用在表语从句中用在advise,idea,order,plan,suggestion,demand,proposal等后面的表语从句，需用“shoulddo”构成谓语，should可以省略。WhatIsuggestisthatweshouldstarttheworkatonce.Hisorderisthatthemeetingshouldbecalledoff.4.虚拟语气用在同位语从句中当demand,insist,decide,determine,recommend,suggest这些动词的名词形式后跟同位语从句时，要用虚拟语气，用shoulddo表示虚拟。Notallofthemagreedtomysuggestionthatmoremoneyshouldbegiventothem.Hisrequestthatheshouldbegivenarisewasturneddownatthemeeting.5.虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中，inorderthat,sothat…用情态动词IgotupearlythismorningsothatIcouldcatchthebustoBoston.6.在asif,asthough引导的方式状语从句中a.asif,asthough引导的状语从句是否用虚拟取决于从句所描绘的情况，如果情况与事实相符就可以不用虚拟，否则就要用虚拟语气。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Sheactedasifnothinghadhappened.b.对将来的虚拟asif/asthough+主语+would/could/should/might+do（动词原形）Itlooksasiftheoldmancouldliveanother10years.c.对现在的虚拟asif/asthough+主语+did(动词过去式)Theoldmanislyingonthegroundasifheweredead.d.asif/asthough+主语+weredoing(对现在进行虚拟)Theyranasfastastheycouldasifaghostwerechasingthem.e.asif’/asthough+主语+haddone(对过去事实的虚拟)Heateasifhehadn’thadamealforyears.同步练习1.Theyhavearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.A.willB.canC.mustD.should2.——Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.——Iwishtheyalwayslate.A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen3.MaybeifIscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying4.I______soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome5.——Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.——Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someone______it.A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolen6.——Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.——Iit,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldsttendD.wouldhaveattended7.I__________throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone8.It_______bethepostmanatthedoor.It’sonlysixo’clock.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.won’tD.needn’t9.We_____John’snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury.A.willputB.willhaveputC.wouldputD.wouldhaveput10.---Sorry,ProfessorSmith.Ididn'tfinishtheassignmentyesterday.---Oh,youhavedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.A.mustB.mustn'tC.shouldD.shouldn't11.Bobwouldhavehelpedusyesterday,buthe-_______A.wasbusy B.isbusy C.hadbeenbusy. D.willbebusy12.Ifhemyadvice,hewouldn'thavelosthisjob.A.followed B.shouldfollow C.hadfollowed D.wouldfollow 13.Johnwenttothehospitalalone.Ifhemeaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold14.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_______moreonitsculture.A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused15.Ifwe___theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken16.--Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.--Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables.A.wouldn'tdieB.didn'tdieC.hadn'tdiedD.wouldn'thavedied17.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy. A．wouldhavebeensaved B．hadbeensavedC．willbesaved D．wassaved18.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,IthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.wouldnotwin B.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon19.Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit______breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might20.Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathe

itdifferently.A.couldexpress

B.wouldexpressC.couldhaveexpressed

D.musthaveexpressed21.Whatapity!Consideringhisabilityandexperience，he better.A.needhavedone B.musthavedoneC.canhavedone D.mighthavedone22.—I’msorry.I atyoutheotherday.—Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldn’tshout B.shouldn’thaveshoutedC.mustn’tshoutD.mustn’thaveshouted23.Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe itwithoutyou.A.canmanage B.couldhavemanaged C.couldmanage D.canhavemanaged24.——Itwasthedrug，notthedisease，thatkilledtheboy.——Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe________thatdrug.A.nottakeB.shouldn’thavetakenC.didn’ttakeD.hadn’ttaken25.TheordercamethatthemedicalsuppliestoBeijingfortheH1N1fl