新概念英语第三册 Lesson 1 A Puma at Large翻译及知识点讲解

Lesson1APumaatLargePumasarelarge,cat-likeanimalswhicharefoundinAmerica.WhenreportscameintoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfromtheZoofeltobligedtoinvestigate,forthedescriptionsgivenbypeoplewhoclaimedtohaveseenthepumawereextraordinarilysimilar.Thehuntforthepumabeganinasmallvillagewhereawomanpickingblackberriessaw‘alargecat’onlyfiveyardsawayfromher.Itimmediatelyranawaywhenshesawit,andexpertsconfirmedthatapumawillnotattackahumanbeingunlessitiscornered.Thesearchproveddifficult,forthepumawasoftenobservedatoneplaceinthemorningandatanotherplacetwentymilesawayintheevening.Whereveritwent,itleftbehinditatrailofdeaddeerandsmallanimalslikerabbits.Pawprintswereseeninanumberofplacesandpumafurwasfoundclingingtobushes.Severalpeoplecomplainedof“cat-likenoises”'atnightandabusinessmanonafishingtripsawthepumaupatree.Theexpertswerenowfullyconvincedthattheanimalwasapuma,butwherehaditcomefrom?Asnopumashadbeenreportedmissingfromanyzoointhecountry,thisonemusthavebeeninthepossessionofaprivatecollectorandsomehowmanagedtoescape.Thehuntwentonforseveralweeks,butthepumawasnotcaught.Itisdisturbingtothinkthatadangerouswildanimalisstillatlargeinthequietcountryside.参考译文逃遁的美洲狮美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动物，产于美洲。当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。可是，随着证据越来越多，动物园的专家们感到有必要进行一番调查，因为凡是声称见到过美洲狮的人们所描述的情况竟是出奇地相似。搜寻美洲狮的工作是从一座小村庄开始的。那里的一位妇女在采摘黑莓时的看见“一只大猫”，离她仅5码远，她刚看见它，它就立刻逃走了。专家证实，美洲狮非被逼得走投无路，是决不会伤人的。事实上搜寻工作很困难，因为常常是早晨在甲地发现那只美洲狮，晚上却在20英里外的乙地发现它的踪迹。无论它走哪儿，一路上总会留下一串死鹿及死兔子之类的小动物，在许多地方看见爪印，灌木丛中发现了粘在上面的美洲狮毛。有人抱怨说夜里听见“像猫一样的叫声”；一位商人去钓鱼，看见那只美洲狮在树上。专家们如今已经完全肯定那只动物就是美洲狮，但它是从哪儿来的呢？由于全国动物园没有一家报告丢了美洲狮，因此那只美洲狮一定是某位私人收藏豢养的，不知怎么设法逃出来了。搜寻工作进行了好几个星期，但始终未能逮住那只美洲狮。想到在宁静的乡村里有一头危险的野兽继续逍遥流窜，真令人担心。单词讲解Newwordsandexpressionspuma['pju:mə]n.美洲狮spot[spɔt]v．看出．发现evidence['evidəns]n．证据accumulate[ə'kju:mjuleit] v.积累，积聚oblige[ə'blaidʒ] v．使…感到必须hunt[hʌnt] n.追猎，寻找blackberry['blækberi] n．黑莓humanbeing['hju:mən]['bi:iŋ]人类corner['kɔ:nə] v．使走投无路使陷入困境trail[treil] n．一串，一系列print[print] n．印痕cling[kliŋ] v.粘convince[kən'vins] v．使…信服somehow['sʌmhau] adv.不知怎么搞地不知什么原因disturb[dis'tə:b] v．令人不安puma['pju:mə];[pumə]美洲狮alargecat-likeanimallion狮子tiger老虎leopard豹jaguar['dʒægjuə]美洲虎cougar美洲豹cheetah['tʃi:tə];['ʃi:tə]猎豹（saidtobethefastestanimalintheworld）lynx大山猫panther['pænθə]黑豹ablackleopardcat-like像猫一样的mother-likechildlike(lovely）childish（immature）atlargelarge–powerful-outofcontroleg.Thedesperatecriminalisstillatlarge.escape:togetawayfromadangeroussituationthatislikelytoharmyouifyoudonotleave逃跑（成功的逃离危险）fleeaway:runawayfromdanger见到危险就跑开了scatteraway:indifferentdirections四散逃窜evadetax逃税(evade:逃避自己应该负担和承担的责任)desertdesertone'sarmy（一般指军人离开自己的部队；开小差，逃跑了）cutclass学生逃课spotn./v.n.点，斑点abeautyspot美人痣solarspot太阳黑子spotlight聚光灯beinthespotlight众人瞩目的中心eg.TomCruseisinthespotlightinAmericanfilmindustry.(toachievealotofattention)eg.Aleopardwillnotchangeitsspot.江山易改，本性难移。v.toseeorfindsthwithdifficulty不易察觉observe:toseeandnoticesth（正式）观察，观测discover:tofindsthalreadyinexistencerecognize:tofigureoutsth/sbknowalreadydetect:todisclosesomethinghiddenorindisguise探测（往往指用仪器才能探测到）explore:toexaminesththoroughlyinordertotestorfindoutaboutit彻底的和仔仔细细的搜索和勘察InternetExplorerevidencen.证据witness证人judge法官jury陪审团courtoflaw（法庭的正式说法）self-evidenta.不言自明的《TheDeclarationofIndependence》ItwasdrawupbyThomasJeffersonin1776andoneofthemostimportantdocumentseverpublished.HereisthefirstsentencewhichshooktherulingclassesofEurope.“Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evidence,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwiththecertainunalienablerights,thatamongthesearelife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.”oblige:bemadetodosthbylawormorality(ofteninpassivevice)feelobligedtodoeg.Mpel:tomakepeoplehaveaparticularfeelingorattitude9-year'scompulsoryeducation九年义务教育drive:tomakesomeonefeelordosthbadorunpleasantdrivesbnuts都快使人疯了eg.Theterriblemusicdrovemenuts.huntv.打猎，狩猎huntfor搜寻，寻找huntforajobhuntforalovegohuntingfor去寻找jobhunter四处找工作的人headhunter猎头bargainhunter到处去买便宜货的人humanbeing(s)(godandanimal)mankindeg.Inthelonghistoryofthemankind在人类的历史长河中humanrace:allpeople,consideredtogetherasasinglegroup（强调人类的种族群体）men:itsoundslikealittlesexismbe存在《hamlet》…whenhehesitatedtokillhisuncletobeornottobe是生存呢还是灭亡being1-creaturegodbeinganimalbeing2)-existencecomingintobeing形成，成立eg.ThePeople’sRepublicofChinacameintobeingin1949.forthetimebeing眼下eg.Forthetimebeing,thecheetahsarehardup.眼下，猎豹手头比较紧。（LionKing)cornern./v.n.at/onthecornerinthecorner（一个空间的内部）eg.TheNegroisstilllanguishinginthecornersofAmericansocietyandfindshimselfanexileinhisownland.美国的黑人在美国社会的各个层次和各个方面都饱受着痛苦，发觉自己是自己家乡土地上的流亡者。aroundthecorner:iscoming…事即将发生/来临eg.TheNewYearisaroundthecorner.cutcorners走捷径v.被逼到墙角eg.Thepumawon’tattackahumanbeingunlessitiscornered.eg.Acorneredbeastwilldosomethingdesperate.困兽犹斗，狗急跳墙trailatrailofatrailofmudatrailofbloodeg.Whereverhewenttheplayboyleftbehindhimatrailofbrokenhearts.printn.印痕，痕迹footprintpawprintfingerprint二、课文讲解Pumasarelarge,cat-likeanimalswhicharefoundinAmerica.befound(therebe):产于，分布eg.PenguinsarefoundintheAntarctica(南极洲).eg.Pandasarelarge,bear-likeanimalswhicharefoundinChina.WhenreportscameintoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon.theywerenottakenseriously.同位语从句简单记忆：同位语从句与中心词是等同和等值的关系，而不是修饰与被修饰的关系。这一点与定语从句截然不同，定语从句与其先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系。定语从句的引导词that/which在句中作成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句的引导词that为连接词,只起连接主句与从句之作用，不做任何成分。eg.IwasshockedwhenIheardthenewsthathisfatherdiedyesterday.(thenewsisthathisfatherdiedyesterday.)能连接同位语从句的名词有：belieffactideadoubtrumorevidenceconclusioninformationsuggestionproblemorderdiscoveropinionPractice1.Anideacametohim___hemightwritetohertoaskformoreinformationaboutthematter.答案：that2.Igotinformationfrommyfriend____therewillbeamarvelousAmericanmovie"titanic"答案：thateg.Newshasjustcomeintothestudiothatover90%ofourpopulationarewatchingtheSpringFestivalEntertainmentShow.southof在…以南they人称或指示代词的替代含义要回到句子的切近部分寻找它的中心含义。takesthseriously认真对待takesthslightly不把…发在心上eg.Everyoneoughttotakelifeseriously.eg.Educationissoimportantthatweshouldtakeitseriously.eg.Whennewscameintothenationalmuseumthatanancienttombhasbeenspotted100kilometerssouthofXi'an,itwastakenseriously.However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,…however语篇标识词(即显示语篇发展的词语）。引出作者真正意图，表明事实真相，往往前后形成鲜明，相反的对比。However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfromtheZoofeltobligedtoinvestigate,forthedescriptionsgivenbypeoplewhoclaimedtohaveseenthepumawereextraordinarilysimilar.…forthedescriptionsgivenbypeoplewhoclaimedtohaveseenthepuma…for说明原因英语一般来说，总是把最需要表达的东西放在一个句子的最前边，汉语总是先因→后果；而for并不引导一个强因果关系，因此是处于从属地位而不置于句首。As不强调原因的重要性Since既然，若因果关系Because强调直接的原因claimedtohavedone动词不定时的完成时体现它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。eg.Tillnow,noorganizationclaimedtohavebeenresponsibleforthisbombing.…thepumawereextraordinarilysimilar.Besimilartosb.incharacter(havealotincommon)eg.Thebrothersaresimilartoeachotherincharacter.beararesemblancetoresemble(宛如)，酷似father父亲look/belike像father爸爸takeafter随father爹含义取决于说话人的文化和受教育程度Thehuntforthepumabeganinasmallvillagewhereawomanpickingblackberriessaw'alargecat'onlyfiveyardsawayfromher.pickblackberriespickapplespickmushroompicknosespickearspickteethItimmediatelyranawaywhenshesawit,andexpertsconfirmedthatapumawillnotattackahumanbeingunlessitiscornered.…,andexpertsconfirmedthatapumawillnotattackahumanbeingunlessitiscornered.unless:ifnoteg.A:MayIhavetheloan?B:____youoffergoodsecurityA.ButB.UnlessC.ProvidedD.Butfor（要不是，虚拟语气中遇到的标志性的词）中国学生学英语易犯的一个小错误，是母语的思维。Ifyouoffergoodsecurity,youmaynothavetheloan.Thesearchproveddifficult,forthepumawasoftenobservedatoneplaceinthemorningandatanotherplacetwentymilesawayinthevedifficultprove(tobe)difficultconsidersth(tobe)认为…是后者的东西turnout(tobe)尽然是…英语从19世纪初，甚至更早。而逐渐成为一种世界超级语言，被强行推广,发展到今天我们的后现代社会，语言作为交际的手段而更加趋向简洁，这也是现代英语的一个发展方向。Whereveritwent,itleftbehinditatrailofdeaddeerandsmallanimalslikerabbits.Pawprintswereseeninanumberofplacesandpumafurwasfoundclingingtobushes.bushbeataroundthebush拐弯抹角，旁敲侧击Severalpeoplecomplainedof'cat-likenoises'atnightandabusinessmanonafishingtripsawthepumaupatree.onafishingtriptoonthehoney-moontriptoPairsonwayto在去那里的路上onbusinesstoTheexpertswerenowfullyconvincedthattheanimalwasapuma,butwherehaditcomefrom?Asnopumashadbeenreportedmissingfromanyzoointhecountry,thisonemusthavebeeninthepossessionofaprivatecollectorandsomehowmanagedtoescape.Asnopumashadbeenreportedmissingfromanyzoointhecountry,…reportedmissing挂失…thisonemusthavebeeninthepossessionofaprivatecollectorandsomehowmanagedtoescape.musthavebeen/donesth是作者主观的肯定判定，是事实总结、归纳的标志。…，hepossessionof为…所有，主语为物inpossessionof主语一定是人intheauthorityof由…管辖eg.HongKhecareof由…照看着inthechargeof由…负责Thehuntwentonforseveralweeks,butthepumawasnotcaught.Itisdisturbingtothinkthatadangerouswildanimalisstillatlargeinthequietcountryside.wild-tamewildcat/animal--straydogsdomesticanimalsdomesticviolence家庭暴力domesticmarket三、Review1.Pumasarelarge,cat-likeanimalswhicharefoundinAmerica.eg.PenguinsarefoundintheAntarctica(南极洲).2.WhenreportscameintoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon.theywerenottakenseriously.Whennewscameintothenationalmuseumthatanancientbombhasbeenspotted100kilometerssouthofXi'an,itwastakenseriously.3.Whereveritwent,itleftbehinditatrailofdeaddeerandsmallanimalslikerabbits.Whereverhewent,theplayboyleftbehindhimatrailofbrokenhearts.四、idioms1.Onlywhenyouexperiencethepainofpain,canyouenjoythehappinessofhappiness.吃得苦中苦，方位人上人2.Gowhatyouare.勇往直前。五、Exercises5.Peoplesa