牛津高中英语模块一(第五讲)

牛津高中英语模块一（第五讲）主讲教师：邵磊主审：孙德霖【教学内容与教学要求】教学内容：牛津高中英语模块一Unit3（上）二、教学要求：1．学会谈论健康、锻炼，描述问题。 2．学习e-mail的写作。 3．语法：非限制性定语从句、反意疑问句。【知识重点与学习难点】重要单词：stay(系动词：保持),slim,figure,weight,ashamed,recover,failure,contain,chemical,seldom,damage,attractive,touching,embarrassed,pressure,overweight,diet,properly,skinny,consider,fit(强健的),pill,appearance,especially,amazed,archery,squash,aerobics(有氧运动),triathlon(铁人三项),category,partial(部分的),response,purpose,confirmation,actually,recognize.二、重点词组：workout锻炼、训练,goondiets/adiet实行节食,insecret私自,sideeffect副作用,putonweight体重增加,loseweight减肥,beashamedof对….感到羞耻,anexactmatchfor和….完全匹配的…，followone’sadvice听从某人的建议,soundfun听起来象是件有趣的事,teamsport团队运动,buildup增强,regretdoingsth后悔做了某事,riskdoingsth冒做某事的风险.三、【语法术语】non-restrictiveattributiveclause非限制性定语从句,questiontag反意疑问句,positivestatement肯定的陈述句,negativestatement否定的陈述句,personalpronoun人称代词,auxiliaryverb助动词,modelverb情态动词,imperativeclause祈使句.【难点讲解】Whatdoyoudotokeepyourselflookinggoodandfeelinggood？你是怎样保持自己良好的外在形象和健康的身体状况的？询问别人怎样做某事的可以用“howdoyou…..?”也可以用“whatdoyoudoto….?”。例如：Howdidyoumakethebabystopcrying?Whatdidyoudotomakethebabystopcrying?Keepyourselflookinggoodandfeelinggood是一个“动＋宾语+补语”结构，现在分词短语lookinggoodandfeelinggood作宾补。Dyingtobethin….这是个双关语，既可以理解成“差一点为瘦身而死”，也可以理解为“迫切希望瘦身”。课文主人公Amy因为急切希望保持苗条的身材服用了一种减肥药造成肝功能衰竭，差点丢了性命。用这个双关语作课文的标题非常巧妙。Dying的本意是“快要死去的，而dyingtodo/be+adj或dyingfor+n则表示“迫切希望…..”。例如：Heisdyingtoseehishomelandagain.I’mdyingforadrinkofrum.Sheisdyingforachancetobebackonthestage.Iknowthepressuretostayslimisaproblem,especiallyforanactress.我知道保持苗条的压力是一个，对于一位女演员来说更是如此。I’mtakingweight-losspillscalledFat-Less,whicharequitepopularamongyoungwomenhere.我在服用一种叫“”的减肥药，这种药在年轻女性中很流行。medicine泛指药物，尤指内服药，表示“治疗…的药”时后面跟介词for:themedicineforcold。Pill药片、药丸,,表示“治疗…的药”时前面加定语：sleepingpills。drug药剂、麻醉药、毒品，drug(s)表示“治疗…的药”时和for/totreat连用。Shesayshealthispriceless,andIagree,butthenIlooksoslimatthemoment.她说健康是无价的，我同意她的说法，但是我现在看起来非常苗条。后缀less加在名词之后表示“没有、缺乏”例如：hopeless,helpless,careless,homeless.注意，priceless和worthless,valueless的意思不同。Price指价格，加less表示“无法估价的”；worth,value指价值，加less则表示“没有价值的。Then和but连用，起到增强语气的作用。Theycontainaharmfulchemicalthatcausedmylivertofail.那些药里含有一种有害的化学成分，导致我肝功能衰竭。Ithinkyoulookgreatasyouare.我认为你现在这样保持自然本色看起来就很棒。Asyouare是状语从句意思是“以你本来的面目”As作连词的用法较复杂，可以表示“当….时候、因为、既然、相比、虽然，按照…做、象…一样、当做，还可以用来指代上文中提到的事情以避免重复。其中作“虽然、用来指代上文中提到的事情”两种用法比较特殊，请看例句：Aloneasheis,hedoesnotfeellonely.Tryasyouwould,youcouldnotmakehimchangehismind.Harryisunusuallytall,asarehisbrothers.Remembertotakeitslowlyatfirstandyouwillbuildyourstrengthupquickly.记住刚开始锻炼时要慢些，你的体力很快就会增强。Take在这里意思是“从事…活动”it指代sport/exercise。Buildup增强、增加，名词build-up,例如：Thebuild-upofJapaneseforcesmakestheneighboringcountriesveryuneasy.Somesportsareusuallydoneindoors,whileothersaredoneoutdoors.一些体育活动通常是在室内进行的，另一些则是在室外。Indoor、outdoor是形容词，只能作定语使用;indoors/outdoors是副词，作地点状语。例如：Itisanindoorsport.Wecanplaythegameindoors.【语法】一、非限制性定语从句

1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：

Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）

Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）

2)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：

CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：

HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。二、反意疑问句：反意疑问句是由陈述句以及其后面的简略疑问句构成，前一部分为陈述句，后一部分由助动词或情态动词+主语(人称代词)构成，可表示真实的疑问。也可以表示说话者的某种倾向，强调或反问It’sraining,isn’tit?反意疑问句的前半部分陈述句是肯定的，则疑问部分为否定形式；反意疑问句的前半部分陈述句中若为否定，则疑问部分为肯定形式。前半部分陈述句含有hardly,never,seldom,few,little等词时，疑问部分为肯定形式。Wehardlyknoweachother,dowe?Thereislittleleftforustodo,thereis?反意疑问句的前半部分陈述句中若使用了助动词，情态动词或be动词，后半部分先重复这些动词，然后+not+主语，构成简略句Youcanreadthis,can’tyou?Sheshouldhavearest,shouldn’tshe?如果反意疑问句前半部分肯定句中谓语动词是实意动词，后半部分一般由didn’t/doesn’t和didn’t+主语构成Weneedsomesaladtoo,don’twe?Helookslikehisfather,doesn’the?祈使句后面的反意疑问句是willyou/shallwe?Let’sstopquarrelingandgetdowntobusiness,shallwe?Comeovertomyhouse,willyou?【同步练习】单项选择1.Janecouldhardlybecalledbeautiful,____________?A.couldn’tsheB.couldn’tJaneC.wasn’tsheD.couldshe2.Isthisfactory_____youvisitedtheotherday?A.whichB.whereC.towhichD.theone3.Youwillhavesomesparetime_____youcanlearnFrenchathome.A.thatB.whichC.atwhichD.duringwhich4.Weoughttomakefriendswithsuchpeople_____arekindandhardworking.A.whoB.asC.thatD.whom5.Iwassosurprisedthathereturnedhomemuchearlier_____wasexpected.A.asB.thanC.whichD./6.HemustbefromAfrica,_____canbeseenfromhisskin.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.as7.Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,_____kiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.A.fromwhereB.whichC.whereD.as8.Thatisthegirl_____fatherwehavejustbeenspeaking.A.ofwhoseB.ofwhomC.whoseD.who9.MayorwillmakeaninspectionofourschoolonMonday,_____youcantellhimhowhardthesituationwearein.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that10.Weoftenthinkofthehappiestdays_____wespenttogetherontheislandA.whenB.whichC.thatD.duringwhich用下列单词的适当形式填空：figure,weight,shame,recover,fail,contain,chemical,embarrassed,pressure,properly,skin,consider,appearSheisonadiettokeepher___________.Everyonecouldseehis__________whenhewascaughtstealingfoodfromthefrige.Susanisnotthe_______littlegirlsheusedtobe.Youshouldbe________ofsuchbehavior._______isasubjectthatislearntinthelab.TheUNhassent9__________ofreliefsupplytotheearthquakearea.Itisvery___________ofyoutobringmesuchausefulgift.Nowadaysyoungpeoplewilldoanythingtoimprovetheir___________Thiskindofdressisnotvery_______forthewedding.10.Mr.Lee’s________wasapainfulandslowone.11.Hiscarelessnesshasresultedinanother__________.12._________asheis,hecan’tkeephishandformchocolate.13.Reporterstriedto_______himformoreinformation.三、完形填空Withthelongdaysofsummer1andkidsheadingbacktoschool,itseemsthatexerciseshouldbecomeeasiertodoinsteadofharder.But,formanyparents,thatisn'tthe2asschedulesgetcrowedwithactivities,thesungoesdownearlierandthestressofdailylifesetsin.Manypeoplefind3vowing(发誓)tostartexercisingatsomelatertimewhenthingscalmdownbut,here'ssomethingyoualreadyknow--lifedoesn'tusuallyworkthatway.4ofwaitingforthe'right'time,whynotstartnow?Gettingexercisefirmlyestablishedmakesiteasierforitto5apriority（要优先做的事）foryou.Tryingtofititintoacrazyschedulelaterishardtodoandcanresult6stress,guiltandthickerwaistlines（腰围）.Stayingfittakesalittlework,butit'sworthitinthelongAnyparentknowsthatplanningandpreparationcanmakeadifferenceinhowsmoothlythingsgo.Givingexercisethatsamekindofeffortcanhelpyoumakeithappen.Planoutyourweeklycalendarofwork,familyandotherresponsibilities.Lookfortimesyoucansqueezeinsomeexercise.8youonlyfind10minuteshereorthere,that's10minutesyou'llbemovinginsteadofsitting.Planwhatyou'lldoandwhatyou'llneedtodoit--e.g.,ifyou'regoingtothegymyou'llneedtohaveyourgymbagreadyandsnacks/mealsreadytogo.Prepareasmuchasyoucanbeforehandforsmootherworkouts.Lookforcreativewaystobeactive.Onepersonwhojogsaroundthesoccerfieldatherson'spractices.There’sanotherwhoridesbikeswithhisdaughtereverymorningbeforeschool.Integrating(结合)exercisewithotheractivitiesisonewaytostay9andstillkeepupwithresponsibilities.Setupabasichomegym.Evenifyoupreferahe