新概念英语第二册笔记-第53课

Lesson53Hotsnake触电的蛇【Text】Whatcausedthefire?AtlastfiremenhaveputoutabigforestfireinCalifornia.Sincethen,theyhavebeentryingtofindouthowthefirebegan.Forestfiresareoftencausedbybrokenglassorbycigaretteendswhichpeoplecarelesslythrowaway.Yesterdaythefiremenexaminedthegroundcarefully,butwerenotabletofindanybrokenglass.Theywerealsoquitesurethatacigaretteenddidnotstartthefire.Thismorning,however,afiremenaccidentallydiscoveredthecause.Henoticedtheremainsofasnakewhichwaswoundroundtheelectricwiresofa16,000-voltpowerline.Inthisway,hewasabletosolvethemystery.Theexplanationwassimplebutveryunusual.Abirdhadsnatchedupthesnakefromthegroundandthendroppeditontothewires.Thesnakethenwounditselfroundthewires.Whenitdidso,itsentsparksdowntothegroundandtheseimmediatelystartedafire.【课文翻译】消防队员们终于扑灭了加利福尼亚的一场森林大火。从那时起,他们一直试图找出起火的原因。森林火灾时常由破碎的玻璃或人们随手扔掉的香烟头引起。昨天,消防队员仔细查看了地面,但未能发现碎玻璃。他们还十分肯定火灾也不是由烟头引起的。然而今天上午,一个消防队员偶然发现了起火的原因。他发现了缠绕在16,000伏高压线上的一条死蛇。就这样,他解开了起火之谜。解释很简单,却异乎寻常。一只鸟把蛇从地上抓起来,然后把它扔到了电线上。于是蛇就缠住了几根电线。当它这样做时,把火花送到了地面,这些火花立刻引起了一场大火。【Newwordsandexpressions】(13hotadj.带电的,充电的firemann.消防队员causev.引起;n.原因examinev.检查accidentallyadv.意外地,偶然地remainsn.尸体,残骸wiren.电线voltn.伏特(电压单位powerline电力线solvev.解决mysteryn.谜(无法接受地,解释不了的snatchv.抓住sparkn.电火花一.单词讲解:★hotadj.带电的,充电的同义词fiery,flushed,burning,steaming反义词cold,cool,frigid,icy变化形形变hotterhottesthot-hotted-hotted-hotting(1热的、炎热的(反义词coldhotwater;hotweather;ahotdayhot炎热的→warm温暖的→cool凉爽的→chilly寒冷的→cold寒冷的、严寒的(2(调味品等辣的eg:Pepperandmustardarehot.胡椒和芥末都是辣的.(3强烈的、激烈的、热烈的haveahottemper怒;ahotdebate激烈的讨论gethotonrockmusic热衷摇滚乐(4(新闻等最新的,刚发生的、刚到达的hotnewsontheelectionresults选举的结果的最新消息amagazinehotfromthepress刚出版的杂志ayoungmanhotfromschool刚从学校踏出社会的年轻人behotonsb迷恋某人、爱慕某人beinhotwater惹上麻烦、陷入困境(受辱get/runintotrouble遇到麻烦ahotpotato棘手的问题、烫手山芋gethotunderthecollar怒气冲冲的;局促不安★firemann.消防队员同义词firefighter,fireextinguisher,firetender变化形名复firemenfireplace[faiəpleis]n.壁炉firework[faiəwə:k]n.爆竹,(常pl.烟火fire-water消防用水;fire-fighter救火员firehouse消防队=firestation消防站fireproof['faiəpru:f]adj.耐火的,防火的vt.使耐火,使防火fire-raisingn.放火、纵火★causev.引起;n.原因;起因[C][U][(+of]同义词motive,reason,occasion,basis反义词result,consequence,effect,outcome变化形名复causes变化形动变causedcausedcausing(1v.引起、导致eg:Acigarettecausedtheforestfire.香烟引起的森林大火。eg:Whatcausedhissickness?是什么使他生病?anaccidentcausedbycarelessness由于粗心大意而导致事故。BresultfromAB是由A导致的AcauseB=AleadtoB=AcontributetoB=AresultinB=AstartB=AbringaboutBA导致B;A是原因B是结果(2n.理由eg:Don’tbelatewithoutcause.不要无故迟到。=Don’tbelatewithoutgoodcause.(3n.原因、起因eg:Whatwasthecauseofhissickness?是什么导致他的病?findoutthecause查出原因★examinev.检查、细查;诊察同义词inspect,observe,study,consider变化形动变examinedexaminedexamining(1仔细观察、检查、调查lookatcarefullyinordertolearnaboutorfrom,inspectclosely仔细观察、检查、调查之意eg:Thefirefightersexaminedeveryinchoftheforest.消防队员仔细检查森林。examinefacts检查事实;examineatheory剖析(理论、事件等examineanevidence调查证物(2v.诊察inspectcloselytocheckfordiseaseeg:Thedoctorexaminedhispatientcarefully.医生耐心仔细检查他的病。(3v.考试、测试examinestudentsinEnglish考学生的英语examiner主考人←→examinee应考者examn.考试;examinationn.考试examinev.考试、检查examplen.例子;forexample比如说★accidentallyadv.意外地,偶然地accidentaladj.意外的、偶然的happeningunexpectedlyorbychance意外或偶然发生反义词intentionala.故意的,有意(识的anaccidentalmeetingwithafriend偶然遇到一位朋友.anaccidentaldeath意外死亡accident(1n.(u事故、意外acar/road/trafficaccident汽车/道路/交通意外(2机遇、命运、造化(chance、fortunebychance偶然,碰巧=byaccident=accidentallyeg:Ifoundagoldminebyaccident/accidentally/bychance.我意外/意外/偶然发现了一个金矿。★remainsn.尸体,残骸Remain(1v.留下、剩下、遗留(不再用进行时态eg:Afterthefire,nothingremainedinmyhouse.火灾发生后,我的房子什么都没有留下。eg:Ifyoutake3from8,5remains.8减去3剩5。eg:Muchremainstobedone.要做的事还很多。eg:What’sdoneisdone=Letbygonesbebygones.木已成舟;既往不咎(2v.仍是、保持不变eg:Heremainedsilent.他仍是保持沉默eg:Afterthequarrel,theyremainedthebestoffriends.争吵之后,他们仍然是最好的朋友。remains(1n.剩余物、残余物theremainsofameal残羹剩饭(2(古建筑物遗址、废墟theremainsofYuanmingyuan圆明园遗址(3n.遗体、遗骸eg:TheremainsofChairmanMaowerekeptwellinacrystalcoffin.毛主席的遗体被良好保存在水晶棺。★wiren.电线、金属线,金属丝[C][U]同义词telegraph,cable,fasten,tie变化形名复wires变化形动变wiredwiredwiring(1n.电线、金属线,eg:Hetiedabaskettothebicyclewithapieceofwire.他用一条铁丝绑一个篮子在自行车上。telephonewires电话线;barbedwire有刺的铁丝(2(美口电报sendawire发电报←→receiveawire接电报beonwires=beallonwires兴奋、坐立不安underthewire勉强来得及wirelessadj.无线的;wirelesstelegraphy无线电报★voltn.伏特(电压单位;变化形名复voltsvoltage[ˈvəultidʒ]n.电压、伏特数★powerline电力线power(1电力、动力electricpower电力;atomicpower原子动力;waterpower水力(2力、能力brainpower智力;thepowerofhearing听力(3权力、支配力、势力politicalpower政治权力eg:Thedictatorheldabsolutepoweroverhispeople.这个独裁者对他的百姓有绝对的权力。notwithinone’spower=beyondone’spower超出某人的能力、能力不足eg:Itisbeyondmypowertounderstandhowthecomputerworks.想要了解计算器如何工作,这是超出我的能力所能及的。cometopower=comeintopower得势、掌权★solvev.解决workout同义词answer,explain,unriddle,decipher变化形动变solvedsolvedsolvingsolveaquestion/problem/puzzle/crime/mystery解决一个问题/难题/益智/破案/揭开一个迷题eg:Wemustsolvetheeconomiccrisis.我们必须解决经济危机。solution[səˈlu:ʃən]n.解决;解答,解决办法;溶液asolutionfor/toatrouble纷争的解决eg:Ittookalongtimetofindthesolution.花了很长的时间来寻找解决办法。★mysteryn.谜(无法接受地,解释不了的同义词problem,puzzle,riddle,secret变化形名复mysteriesthemysteryoflife生命的奥秘eg:Hisdisappearanceisamystery.他的失踪是个谜。anairofmystery神秘气氛eg:Themurderiswrappedinmystery.谋杀笼罩于神秘之中可做定语修饰名词:amysteryguest/visitor神秘的来客;amysterytour神秘之旅mystery[ˈmistəri]n.神秘(性,神秘的人(或事物riddle[ˈridl]n.谜(语;难题vt.筛;把…弄得处处穿孔puzzle[ˈpʌzl]v.(使迷惑;(使苦思n.谜;难题★snatchv.抓住同义词seize,grasp,grab,clutch变化形动变snatchedsnatchedsnatching变化形名复snatches(1v.抢、夺、攫取snatchup抓起、夺取eg:Thethiefsnatchedherbagandranaway.小偷抢走她的提包逃跑了。eg:Hesnatchedatthepaperashismotherwasabouttoseeit.母亲正要看报纸,他抢了过来。(2v.(趁机迅速取得,急急忙忙吃完饭snatchasleeponabusyday在忙碌的日子偷闲小睡snatchakiss出其不意地吻※snatch[snætʃ]迅速而有力(粗鲁地抓住、抢snatchachance抓住机会※grab[græb]vt.抓取;抓住n./vi.(at抓(住,夺(得(热切而拼命地抓住grabsthfromsb※grasp(1抓住或咬住、抓紧graspachance抓住机会(2掌握graspalanguage掌握一门语言※hold抓住、握住、托住take/catch/getholdof抓住,捉住★sparkn.电火花(切断电流而产生同义词flash,gleam,glimmer变化形名复sparks变化形动变sparkedsparkedsparkingstrikeasparkfromaflint用燧石打出火花ashowerofsparks如阵雨般(大量的火星、火花abrightspark活泼而聪明的年人abrightapple=awiseapple骄傲的年轻人二.Keystructures:现在完成进行时1.一般过去时:强调过去某时间发生完的动作或者处于的状态,搭配一个明确的过去时间2.现在完成时构成:have/has+v.-ed强调过去某时一动作对现在存在的影响或者是这个动作一直延续到现在还可能再延续下去。3.现在完成进行时:强调过去动作对现在产生的影响,强调一直在进行着,一直发生着构成:have/hasbeen+doingeg:Istayedatthishotelfiveyearsago.(一般过去时eg:Haveyoueverstayedatthishotel?(现在完成时eg:Ihavebeenstayingatthishotelfor3weeks.(现在完成进行时现在完成进行时:1.表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间。多用于延续性动词,如:live,learn,lie,stay,sit,wait,stand,wrest[rest]v.&n.拧;敲诈;强取,study等;并且长和一些时间状语:allthistime,thisweek,thismoth,allnight,allthemorning,recently等状语以及since和for所引导的状语短语或从句连用。eg:Whathaveyoubeendoingallthistime.你一直在做什么?eg:Heisill.He’sbeenlyinginthebedfor3weeks.他病了,已经卧床3个星期了。2.现在完成进行时和一切进行时态一样也可以代有感情色彩。eg:Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday.今天发生太多事了eg:Fiddlesticks!whohasbeentellingyousuchstuff.胡说!谁已经告诉你这样的东西。fiddlesticks['fidlstiks]int.胡说suchstuff这样的东西Exercise:用正确实态填空:Atlastfiremenhaveput(putoutabigforestfireinCalifornia.Sincethen,theyhavebeentrying(trytofindouthowthefirebegan(begin.Yesterdaythefiremenexamined(examinethegroundcarefully,butwerenot(notbeabletofindanybrokenglass.Theywere(bealsoquitesurethatacigaretteenddidnotstart(notstartthefire.三.课文讲解:★AtlastfiremenhaveputoutabigforestfireinCalifornia.消防队员们终于扑灭了加利福尼亚的一场森林大火.※California又名GoldenState★Sincethen,theyhavebeentryingtofindouthowthefirebegan.从那时起,他们一直试图找出起火的原因.Forestfiresareoftencausedbybrokenglassorbycigaretteendswhichpeoplecarelesslythrowaway.森林火灾时常由破碎的玻璃或人们随手扔掉的香烟头引起.brokenglass破碎的玻璃abrokenheart一颗破碎的心;abrokenglass被打破的玻璃杯abrokenpromise违约,食言;abrokenmarriage破裂的婚姻abrokenhome破裂的家庭※cigaretteends烟头cometoanend结束eg:Themeetingcametoanendatmidnight.会议开到半夜才结束makebothendsmeet勉强维持生计,使收支相抵※throwaway扔掉,抛弃;错过(机会,浪费(金钱等throwtovt.向...投eg:HethrowtheballtomeandIcaughtit.他把球给我,我接住了。throwat向...扔去eg:Theboythrowastoneatthewindowandbrokeit.这个男孩扔一块石头向窗户,窗户破了★Yesterdaythefiremenexaminedthegroundcarefully,butwerenotabletofindanybrokenglass.昨天,消防队员仔细查看了地面,但未能发现碎玻璃.※werenotableto=couldnot未能Theywerealsoquitesurethatacigaretteenddidnotstartthefire.他们还十分肯定火灾也不是由烟头引起的.besurethat=bequitesurethatquite[kwait]ad.相当eg:Areyouquitecertainaboutthat?这事你能肯定吗?quiet[ˈkwaiət]a.轻声的;安静的n.安静v.(使安静eg:Theclasskeptveryquietduringthelesson.quite[kwait]ad.实际上,确实;完全,十分eg:Shewasquitealone.她的确独自一人bargain[ˈbɑ:gin]n.特价商品;协议,交易vi.讨价还价quite相当,颇eg:She’saquitegoodactress.她是一个相当不错的演员eg:Thejacketisquitegood.这件夹克是相当不错startthefire引起火灾eg:Westartedonourjourney.我们开始我们的旅程。eg:Ourschoolstartedat8:50.我们学校8:50开始上课Eg:Hehasn’tstartedin/onwritinghisnextplayyet.starttodosth开始做某事⑴主语为物⑵start为进行时态⑶后面的动词do表示内心活动eg:Astrongwindstartedtoblow.一阵强风吹起eg:Sheisstartingtopreparelunch.startdoingsth开始(某工作;着手做某事eg:Heusuallystartsstudyingat8athome.在家里他通常在8点开始时读书eg:Hestartedtounderstand.他开始明白Thismorning,however,afiremenaccidentallydiscoveredthecause.然而今天上午,一个消防队员偶然发现了起火的原因.cause区别cause与reason:causen.直接导致行为或事件发生的原因,即”起因”reasonn.解释某事为甚么发生的理由或借口causevt.使发生,导致,引起reasonvt./vi.评理、劝说(常与with,into,outof连用eg:Doyouknowthecauseofthefire?你知道火灾的原因吗?eg:Thisisthereasonwhyheleft.这是他离开的原因eg:Whatcausedthefire?是什么导致了火灾?eg:Ireasonedwithhimforhours,butIcouldn’tpersuadehimtochangehismind.我劝他几个小时,但我没能说服他改变了主意reasonedwithhim劝说他reasonsbintodoingsth=talksbintodoingsth劝某人做某事←→reasonsboutof(doingsth劝某人别做某事=talksboutof(doingsthHenoticedtheremainsofasnakewhichwaswoundroundtheelectricwiresofa16,000-voltpowerline.他发现了缠绕在16,000伏高压线上的一条死蛇.Inthisway,hewasabletosolvethemystery.就这样,他解开了起火之谜.Theexplanationwassimplebutveryunusual.解释很简单,却异乎寻常.Abirdhadsnatchedupthesnakefromthegroundandthendroppeditontothewires.一只鸟把蛇从地上抓起来,然后把它扔到了电线上.snatchedupsthfromtheground把……从地上抓起来※dropvt.使落下、使掉落eg:Shedroppedthevaseonthefloor.dropvi.eg:Theteapotdroppedoutofherhand.茶壶从她手上落下来fallvi掉下、跌倒eg:Hefelldownthestairsandbrokehisleg.他从楼梯上摔下,摔断了腿eg:Thebookfellfromthetabletothefloor.eg:Pricesfell.=Pricesdropped.价格下跌了Thesnakethenwounditselfroundthewires.于是蛇就缠住了几根电线.eg:Vinesoftenwindaroundapostoratree.藤蔓常缭绕在柱子或树木上eg:Iwindthisclockeveryday.我每天给时钟上发条eg:Doesthiswatchwindautomatically?这表是自动上弦的吗?※wind[wind,waind]n.风;气息v.绕,缠;(给…上发条automatically[ɔ:təˈmætikli]ad.自动地;无意识地★Whenitdidso,itsentsparksdowntothegroundandtheseimmediatelystartedafire.当它这样做时,把