【2022】高中英语必修五知识点和语法总结

PAGEPAGE7必修五知识点总结必修五知识点总结Unit1:putforward:提出（计划、建议等）；将…提前；把钟表拨快e.g.Heputforwardagoodplanforthisproject.他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。Thematchhasbeenputforwardto1:30.比赛已经提前到一点半举行。Puttheclockforwardbytenminutes.把钟表拨快十分钟。【词语联想】Øputaway:收起来；贮存，储蓄Øputdown:放下；写下，记下Øputoff:推迟；延期Øputon:穿上；增加；上演（戏剧）e.g.putonweight:增加了体重putonanewplay:上演新戏剧Øputup:张贴；撑开（帐篷）e.g.putupaposterputupatent:搭起帐篷conclude:v.作结论，断定（conclusion:n.结论）e.g.Thejuryconcludedthathewasguilty.陪审团认定他有罪。【习惯用语】★drawaconclusion作出结论defeat vt.打败,击败,战胜；使希望,计划等)失败,挫败;阻挠,使无效e.g.Hefinallyconcededdefeat.他最终承认了失败。区别defeat,conquer,overcomeØdefeat指“赢得胜利”,尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g.defeattheenemy 打败敌人。Øconquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”,e.g.conquernatureØovercome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言,e.g.overcomedifficultiesattend:v.tobepresentat;goto(meeting,conference,lecture...)出席；参加e.g.Hedecidedtoattendthemeetinghimself.他决定亲自赴会。tolookafter,carefor,serve照顾；看护。e.g.Whichdoctorisattendingto(on)you?哪位医生护理你？3）togowith伴随e.g.Theworkwasattendedwithmuchdifficulty.这项工作带来许多困难。expose...to...e.g.Don'texposeyourskintothesunfortoolong.Theyhadtobeexposedtotheenemy'sgunfire.blamesb.forsth.因为某事责备某人e.g.Heblamedtheboyforhismistake.★betoblame:应受责备，应负责任Whoistoblameforthemistake？这个错误应归咎于谁？inaddition:除此之外，另外,besides,what'smoree.g.Ipaid100Yuaninaddition.InadditiontoEnglish,hehastostudyasecondlanguage.区别inadditionto,except,besides,besideØinadditionto：除…之外，还有…，表示递进关系。e.g.Thecompanyprovidedtheworkerswithfreelunchinadditiontopaidholidays.这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期，还有免费午餐。Øexcept:除…之外，表示在整体中排除，e.g.Everyoneexceptmegotaninvitation.除了我以外,所有人都收到了请柬Øbesides表示“除了……以外，还有……”，与inadditionto同义，e.g.BesidesMrWang,wealsowenttoseethefilm.王先生也去了。Weallagreedbesideshim.我们都同意,他也同意。Øbeside:在…旁边。表示方位。e.g.Lilysitsbesidemeinclass.莉莉在班上做我旁边。同义句转换HespeaksFrenchaswellasEnglish.e.g.HespeaksFrenchinadditionto/besidesEnglish.2)Apartfromthesalary,it’snotabadjob.e.g.Inadditionto/Exceptthesalary,it’snotabadjob.announce:公布；宣告e.g.Heannouncedhisdecision.他宣布了他的决定。absorbv.1)吸收Aspongeabsorbswater.海绵吸水。专心于★beabsorbedinsth:专心的，全神贯注的Thelittlegirlwasabsorbedinreadingatale.这个小姑娘正在全神贯注的阅读一篇故事。challenge n.挑战;挑战书;邀请比赛;要求决斗vt.向...挑战,要求,怀疑;vi.挑战,对(证据等)表示异议e.g.meettheseriouschallenge 面对严峻挑战Unit2:consistof＝bemadeupof由……(没有进行时）e.g.TheUKconsistsofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.＝GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandmakeuptheUK.区别:Øseparatefrom把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来Øo把（把整体分为若干部分）e.g.Theteacherdividedtheclassintotwogroups.TheTaiwanStraitseparatesTaiwanfromFujian.debateaboutsth.e.g.Theydebateabouttheproposalforthreedays.debate/argue/quarrelclarify:vt./vi.(causesth.to)becomeclearoreasiertounderstand澄清；阐明;清楚；明了e.g.IhopewhatIsaywillclarifythesituation.Canyouclarifythequestion?belinkedtobeconnectedto/bejoinedto连接【习惯用语】★linkAtoB 将A和连接起来referto提及，指的是……e.g.Whenhesaid“somestudents”,doyouthinkhewasreferringtous?参考；查阅；询问e.g.Ifyoudon'tunderstandawordyoumayrefertoyourdictionaries.Pleaserefertothelastpageofthebookforanswers.关系到；关乎e.g.WhatIhavetosayreferstoallofyou.Thisrulereferstoeveryone.reference:n.参考 e.g.referencebooks 参考书toone'ssurprise(prep)“toone's+名词”表“令某人……”常见的名词有“delight,disappointmentenjoymentastonishment等e.g.Idiscovered,tomyhorror,thatthegoodswereentirelyunfitforsale.ToJohn'sgreatrelieftheyreachedthehouseatlastfoundthemselvesunitedpeacefully“find宾语＋宾补adj;adv;v-ing;pp;介词短语；不定式）”e.g.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundsmokinginthekitchen.You'llfindhimeasytogetalongwith.Theyfoundthemselvestrappedbythebushfire.WhenIwokeup,Ifoundmyselfinhospital.Icalledonhimyesterday,butIfoundhimout.getsthdone=havesthdone使某事被做…….e.g.I'lljustgetthesedisheswashedandthenI'llcome.get+n.+todoget+n.+doingYou'llgethertoagree.I'llgetthecargoing.getdone:用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被…….”e.g.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.breakaway(fromsb/sth)脱离；破除…e.g.Itisnoteasyforhimtobreakawayfrombadhabits.Themanbrokeawayfromhisguards.breakdown(会谈)破裂，失败；(汽车等)出故障；(人的健康状况)变得恶劣；（情感）失控e.g.Hiscarbrokedownonthewaytoworkthismorning.Hishealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.Hebrokedownandweptwhenheheardthenews.Talksbetweenthetwocountrieshavecompletelybrokendown.Øbreakin闯入；打岔ØbreakoffØbreakinto闯入Øbreakout爆发;发生Øbreakup驱散；分散，拆散aswellas不仅而且；既又…e.g.Heisateacheraswellasawriter.Thechildrenaswellastheirfatherwereseenplayingfootballinthestreet.convenience:n.方便；便利（convenient:adj. ）e.g.Weboughtthishouseforitsconvenience.attraction:（attract:v.）1).吸引；引力(不可数n.)e.g.attractionofgravitation2).吸引人的东西；喜闻乐见的东西；精彩节目(可数n.)Hecan'tresisttheattractionoftheseaonahotday.Abigcityoffersmanyandvariedattractions.Whataretheprincipleattractionsthisevening?influencev.对…产生影响 e.g.Whatinfluenceyoutochooseacareerinteaching?可数n.产生影响的人或事 e.g.Heisoneofthegoodinfluencesintheschool.不可数n.)影响 e.g.Ateacherhasgreatinfluenceoverhispupils.Unit3:impressionn.ofsb./ofsth./onsb./that从句；e.g.Myfirstimpressionofhimwasfavourable.Igottheimpressionthattheywereunhappyaboutthesituation.v.给……sth.on/uponsb./impresssb.withsth.给……留下深刻的印象；使铭记；e．g Itimpressedmethatsherememberedmyname.令我佩服的是她记得我的名字。remindv.提醒；使想起；常用结构有:remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事；remindsb.＋(that)/wh-从句提醒某人……；使某人想起……；remindsb.about/ofsth.使某人想起或意识到……；提醒某人某事e.g.I'msorry,butI'veforgottenyourname,canyouremindme?Youremindmeofyourfatherwhenyousaythat.知识拓展：remindern.提醒物；引起回忆的事物constantlyadv.始终；一直；重复不断地e.g.Fashionisconstantlychanging.时尚总是日新月异。知识拓展：constantadj.连续发生的；不断的；重复的；previousadj.先前的；以往的；（时间上）稍前的e.g.Nopreviousexperienceisnecessaryforthisjob.Icouldn'tbelieveitwhenIheardthenews.Ihadonlyseenhimthepreviousday.知识拓展：previouslyadv.先前的；早先e.g.Thebuildinghadpreviouslybeenusedasahotel.bendv.（bentbent）弯曲；使弯曲；弯腰；弯身；e.g.It'shardtobendanironbar.把铁棒弄弯很不容易。Shebentherheadandkissedherdaughter.她低下头吻了她的女儿。常用搭配有:bendone'smind/effortstosth.致力于某事bendsb.tosth.迫使；说服bendthetruth歪曲事实pressv.n.报章杂志，新闻工作者，新闻界e.g.Shepressedahandkerchieftohisnose.Shepresseddownhardonthegaspedal.她用力踩下油门踏板。Heisstillpressingherclaimforcompensation.他仍坚持索赔。Thepresswas/werenotallowedtoattendthetrial.庭审谢绝新闻采访。switchn.&v.用作名词表示“开关；转换。用作动词表示转换。e.g.Shemadetheswitchfromfull-timetopart-timeworkwhenherfirstchildwasborn.Pressthesetwokeystoswitchbetweendocumentsonscreen.Ican'tworknextweek,willyouswitchwithme?lackn.&v.用作名词，表示：“缺乏；短缺”；用作动词，表示：“缺乏；短缺；没有；不足。e.g.alackoffood/money/skills缺乏食物/金钱/技能Thetripwascancelledthroughlackofinterest.因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。Helacksconfidence.他缺乏信心。知识拓展：lackingadj.缺乏；没有；匮乏；不足surroundingsn.[pl.]环境；surroundv.surroundingadj.周围的；附近的e.g.Everyonelikestoworkinpleasantsurroundings.catch/gain/getsightof发现，看出Ølosesightof看不见,忘记Øloseone'ssight失明Øatfirstsight一见就；乍看起来Atfirstsight,theproblemseemseasy.Øat(the)sightof一看见就……AtthesightofthetcboyranØbeinsight看得见，在眼前Theislandisstillinsight.ØoutofsightOutofsight,outofmind.takeuptofilloruseanamountofspaceortime占用（时间）；占据（空间）tolearntoorstarttodosth开始做（某项工作）；开始从事toacceptsth.thatisofferedoravailable接受（建议或能得到的东西）e.g.Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.这张桌子太占地儿。Theyhavetakenupgolf.他们学起打高尔夫球来了。Shetookuphisofferofadrink.他请她喝一杯，她接受了。Hetakesuphisdutiesnextweek.他下周就要开始履行职责。sweepup打扫；清扫；横扫；涌向；快速地抱起e.g.Hesweptupthebabyupintohisarms.他一把将孩子抱进怀里Unit4:concentratevi.onuponConcentrateonyourwork.作。e.g.Adrivershouldconcentrateontheroadwhendriving.Industrialdevelopmentisbeingconcentratedinthewestofthecountry.acquirevt.获得,学到，取得，拥有acquired,acquiringe.g.SheacquiredaknowledgeoftheEnglishbycarefulstudy.Somesmokingandalcoholicdrinksareanacquiredtasteandarenotinborn.accusesb.ofdoingsth.accused,accusinge.g.Thepoliceaccusedhimofmurder.警方指控他谋杀。Sheaccusedhimlying.她指责他说谎.Hewaswronglyaccusedofst