法律翻译-1讲解课件

法律翻译--译国译民翻译公司专心翻译做到极致法律翻译--译国译民翻译公司专心翻译翻译什么最难？一定有人会大声说：“法律！”的确，在法律英语中，冗长的叙述和古英语和拉丁语频频出现，要理解它已经很不容易。要想把法律英语翻译得严谨、缜密、滴水不漏，更是“蜀道难，难于上青天”啊。请先看一下法律条文中比比皆是的“条”、“款”、“项”、“目”的翻译。只是这4个词，现在的法律文献中的表述就已经相当混乱，而相关的工具书也没有一个统一的说法。一般意义上而言，在英文中能够表达法律中“条款”之类的词汇大概有：article,section,subsection,paragraph,subparagraph,item,clause,rule,regulation,provision,以及stipulation等等。根据美国《法律词典》（ADictionaryoftheLaw.Clapp,2000:36），Article:subdivisionofawritteninstrument;particularlya.asubdivisionofastatuteorconstitution,usuallysubdividedintosections.b.oneoftheitemsorclausesinacontract,treaty,orotheragreement.从此书对article的释义来看，article是宪法、制定法、或合同中“单独的，显著的部分”。所以，将之译为我国法律条文中的“条”是合适的。例如：专心翻译做到极致翻译什么最难？一定有人会大声说：“法律！”的确，在法律英语AnyMemberavailingitselfofthepossibilitiesprovidedinArticle6oftheBerneConvention(1971)orparagraph1(b)ofArticle16oftheRomeConventionshallmakeanotificationasforeseeninthoseprovisionstotheCouncilforTRIPS.

[参考译文]任何利用《伯尔尼公约》第6条或《罗马公约》第16条第1款（b）项规定的可能性的成员，均应按这些条款中所预想的那样，向TRIPS理事会做出通知。专心翻译做到极致AnyMemberavailingitselfofSubparagraph1(b)and1(c)ofArticleXXIIIofGATT1994shallnotapplytothesettlementofdisputesunderthisAgreementforaperiodoffiveyearsfromthedateofentryintoforceoftheWTOAgreement.

[参考译文]自《WTO协定》生效之日起5年内，GATT1994第23条第1款（b）项和（c）项不得适用于本协定项下的争端解决。专心翻译做到极致Subparagraph1(b)and1(c)另外，

clause一词可将其译为泛指意义上的“条款”。例如，《新英汉词典》（1985：208）中对clause这个词的解释就是“条款”，“款项”。比如，clauseofdevolution译为“义务承担条款”。

专心翻译做到极致另外，

clause一词可将其译为泛指意义上的“条款”。例如以下是一篇完整的采购合同框架，读者可体会一下合同翻译的用词，注意翻译的准确性。Purchase

Contract

Contract

No.(合同编号):

_________________

Date(签订日期)

________________________Signed

at(签订地点)

_____________________

The

Buyer(买方)：______________________

Address(地址)：________________________

The

Seller(卖方)：______________________Address(地址)：________________________The

Seller

and

the

Buyer

agree

to

conclude

this

Contract

subject

to

the

terms

and

conditions

statedbelow:

买卖双方同意按照下列条款签订本合同：

专心翻译做到极致以下是一篇完整的采购合同框架，读者可体会一下合同翻译的用词，1.

Name,

Specifications

and

Quality

of

Commodity（货物名称、规格和质量）：

2.

Quantity（数量）：

_______,_____________more

or

less

allowed(允许＿＿＿＿的溢短装)3.

Unit

Price（单价）：

4.

Total

Amount（总值）：

5.

Terms

of

Delivery(交货条件)

FOB/CFR/CIF＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

6.

Country

of

Origin

and

Manufacturers(原产地国与制造商

):

专心翻译做到极致1.

Name,

Specifications

and7.

Packing（包装及标准）：

Thepackingofthegoodsshallbepreventivefromdampness,rust,moisture,erosionandshock,andshallbesuitableforoceantransportation/multipletransportation.TheSellershallbeliableforanydamageandlossofthegoodsattributabletotheinadequateorimproperpacking.Themeasurement,grossweight,netweightandthecautionssuchas“Donotstackupsidedown”,“Keepawayfrommoisture”,“Handlewithcare”shallbestenciledonthesurfaceofeachpackagewithfadelesspigment.

货物应具有防潮、防锈蚀、防震并适合于远洋运输的包装，由于货物包装不良而造成的货物残损、灭失应由卖方负责。卖方应在每个包装箱上用不褪色的颜色标明尺码、包装箱号码、毛重、净重及“此端向上”、“防潮”、“小心轻放”等标记。

专心翻译做到极致7.

Packing（包装及标准）：

专心翻译做到极8.

Shipping

Marks（唛头）：

9.

Time

of

Shipment(装运期限）：

10.

Port

of

Loading（装运口岸）：

11.

Port

of

Destination（目的口岸）：

12.Insurance（保险）：

Insurance

shall

be

covered

by

the

________

for

110%

of

the

invoice

value

against

_______

Risks

and

__________

Additional

Risks.

由＿＿＿＿按发票金额110%投保＿＿＿＿＿险和＿＿＿＿＿附加险。

专心翻译做到极致8.

Shipping

Marks（唛头）：

9.13.

Terms

of

Payment（付款条件）：

(1)LetterofCredit:TheBuyershall,

dayspriortothetimeofshipment/afterthisContractcomesintoeffect,openanirrevocableLetterofCreditinfavoroftheSeller.TheLetterofCreditshallexpire

daysafterthecompletionofloadingoftheshipmentasstipulated.

信用证方式：买方应在装运期前/合同生效后＿＿日，开出以卖方为受益人的不可撤销的议付信用证，信用证在装船完毕后＿＿日内到期。

专心翻译做到极致13.

Terms

of

Payment（付款条件）：

(2)

Documents

against

payment:

After

shipment,

the

Seller

shall

draw

a

sight

bill

of

exchange

onthe

Buyer

and

deliver

the

documents

through

Sellers

bank

and

______

Bank

to

the

Buyer

againstpayment,

i.e

D/P.

The

Buyer

shall

effect

the

payment

immediately

upon

the

first

presentation

ofthe

bill(s)

of

exchange.

付款交单：货物发运后，卖方出具以买方为付款人的付款跟单汇票，按即期付款交单（D/P）方式，通过卖方银行及＿＿＿＿＿银行向买方转交单证，换取货物。

译国译民翻译4001605880专心翻译做到极致(2)

Documents

against

paymen14.

Documents

Required（单据）：

The

Seller

shall

present

the

following

documents

required

to

the

bank

for

negotiation/collection:

卖方应将下列单据提交银行议付/托收：

(1)Full

set

of

clean

on

board

Ocean/Combined

Transportation/Land

Bills

of

Lading

and

blankendorsed

marked

freight

prepaid/

to

collect;

标明通知收货人/受货代理人的全套清洁的、已装船的、空白抬头、空白背书并注明运费已付/到付的海运/联运/陆运提单;

(2)

Signed

commercial

invoice

in

______copies

indicating

Contract

No.,

L/C

No.

(Terms

of

L/C)

and

shipping

marks;

标有合同编号、信用证号（信用证支付条件下）及装运唛头的商业发票一式＿＿份；

专心翻译做到极致14.

Documents

Required（单据）：

(3)

Documents

against

Acceptance:

After

shipment,

the

Seller

shall

draw

a

sight

bill

of

exchange,

payable_____

days

after

the

Seller

delivers

the

document

through

Seller’sbank

and

_________Bank

to

the

Buyer

against

acceptance

(D/A

___

days).

The

Buyer

shall

make

the

payment

on

date

of

the

bill

of

exchange.

承兑交单：货物发运后，卖方出具以买方为付款人的付款跟单汇票，付款期限为＿＿＿＿后＿＿日，按即期承兑交单(D/A＿＿日)方式，通过卖方银行及＿＿＿＿＿＿银行，经买方承兑后，向买方转交单证，买方在汇票期限到期时支付货款。

专心翻译做到极致(3)

Documents

against

Accept

(4)

Cash

on

delivery

(COD):

The

Buyer

shall

pay

to

the

Seller

total

amount

within

______

daysafter

the

receipt

of

the

goods

(This

clause

is

not

applied

to

the

Terms

of

FOB,

CFR,

CIF).

货到付款：买方在收到货物后＿＿天内将全部货款支付卖方（不适用于FOB、CRF、CIF术语）。

专心翻译做到极致(4)

Cash

on

delivery

(COD):

T

(3)

Packing

list/weight

memo

in

______

copies

issued

by＿＿；由＿＿＿＿＿＿出具的装箱或重量单一式＿＿份；

(4)

Certificate

of

Quality

in

_______

copies

issued

by＿＿＿＿；由＿＿＿＿＿＿出具的质量证明书一式＿＿份；

(5)Certificate

of

Quantity

in

___

copies

issued

by＿＿＿；

由＿＿＿＿＿出具的数量证明书一式＿＿份；

专心翻译做到极致(3)

Packing

list/weight

memo(6)Insurance

policy/certificate

in

___

copies

(Terms

of

CIF)；

保险单正本一式＿＿份(CIF

交货条件)；

(7)Certificate

of

Origin

in

___

copies

issued

by＿＿＿＿；＿＿签发的产地证一式＿＿份；

(8)The

Seller

shall,

within

____

hours

after

shipment

effected,

send

by

courier

each

copy

of

the

above-mentioned

documents

No.

＿＿.

装运通知(Shipping

advice):

卖方应在交运后_____小时内以特快专递方式邮寄给买方上述第＿＿项单据副本一式一套。

专心翻译做到极致(6)Insurance

policy/certificat15.

Terms

of

Shipment（装运条款）：

(1)

FOB交货方式

The

Seller

shall,

30

days

before

the

shipment

date

specified

in

the

Contract,

advise

the

Buyer

by

_______

of

the

Contract

No.,

commodity,

quantity,

amount,

packages,

gross

weight,

measurement,

and

the

date

of

shipment

in

order

that

the

Buyer

can

charter

a

vessel/book

shipping

space.

In

theevent

of

the

Seller's

failure

to

effect

loading

when

the

vessel

arrives

duly

at

the

loading

port,

allexpenses

including

dead

freight

and/or

demurrage

charges

thus

incurred

shall

be

for

the

Seller'saccount.

专心翻译做到极致15.

Terms

of

Shipment（装运条款）：

(2)

CIF或CFR交货方式

The

Seller

shall

ship

the

goods

duly

within

the

shipping

duration

from

the

port

of

loading

to

theport

of

destination.

Under

CFR

terms,

the

Seller

shall

advise

the

Buyer

by

_________

of

theContract

No.,

commodity,

invoice

value

and

the

date

of

dispatch

two

days

before

the

shipment

for

the

Buyer

to

arrange

insurance

in

time.

卖方须按时在装运期限内将货物由装运港装船至目的港。在CFR术语下，卖方应在装船前2天以＿＿＿＿方式通知买方合同号、品名、发票价值及开船日期，以便买方安排保险。

专心翻译做到极致(2)

CIF或CFR交货方式

The

Seller卖方应在合同规定的装运日期前30天，以＿＿＿＿方式通知买方合同号、品名、数量、金额、包装件、毛重、尺码及装运港可装日期，以便买方安排租船/订舱。装运船只按期到达装运港后，如卖方不能按时装船，发生的空船费或滞期费由卖方负担。在货物越过船舷并脱离吊钩以前一切费用和风险由卖方负担。

专心翻译做到极致卖方应在合同规定的装运日期前30天，以＿＿＿＿方式通知买方合16.

Shipping

Advice（装运通知）：

The

Seller

shall,

immediately

upon

the

completion

of

the

loading

of

the

goods,

advise

the

Buyer

of

the

Contract

No.,

names

of

commodity,

loading

quantity,

invoice

values,

gross

weight,

name

ofvessel

and

shipment

date

by

_________

within

________hours.

一旦装载完毕，卖方应在＿＿小时内以＿＿＿＿方式通知买方合同编号、品名、已发运数量、发票总金额、毛重、船名/车/机号及启程日期等。

专心翻译做到极致16.

Shipping

Advice（装运通知）：

17.

Quality

Guarantee（质量保证）：

The

Seller

shall

guarantee

that

the

commodity

must

be

in

conformity

with

the

quantity,specifications

and

quantity

specified

in

this

Contract

and

Letter

of

Quality

Guarantee.The

guarantee

period

shall

be

______

months

after

the

arrival

of

the

goods

at

the

port

ofdestination,

and

during

the

period

the

Seller

shall

be

responsible

for

the

damage

due

to

the

defects

in

designing

and

manufacturing

of

the

manufacturer.

货物品质规格必须符合本合同及质量保证书之规定，品质保证期为货到目的港＿＿个月内。在保证期限内，因制造厂商在设计制造过程中的缺陷造成的货物损害应由卖方负责赔偿。

专心翻译做到极致17.

Quality

Guarantee（质量保证）：(2)

The

manufacturers

shall,

before

delivery,

make

a

precise

and

comprehensive

inspection

ofthe

goods

with

regard

to

its

quality,

specifications,

performance

and

quantity/weight,

and

issueinspection

certificates

certifying

the

technical

data

and

conclusion

of

the

inspection.

After

arrivalof

the

goods

at

the

port

of

destination,

the

Buyer

shall

apply

to

China

Commodity

InspectionBureau

(hereinafter

referred

to

as

CCIB)

for

a

further

inspection

as

to

the

specifications

andquantity/weight

of

the

goods.

If

damages

of

the

goods

are

found,

or

the

specifications

and/orquantity

are

not

in

conformity

with

the

stipulations

in

this

Contract,

except

when

theresponsibilities

lies

with

Insurance

Company

or

Shipping

Company,

the

Buyer

shall,

within

_____

days

after

arrival

of

the

goods

at

the

port

of

destination,

claim

against

the

Seller,

or

reject

thegoods

according

to

the

inspection

certificate

issued

by

CCIB.

In

case

of

damage

of

the

goodsincurred

due

to

the

design

or

manufacture

defects

and/or

in

case

the

quality

and

performance

arenot

in

conformity

with

the

Contract,

the

Buyer

shall,

during

the

guarantee

period,

request

CCIB

to

make

a

survey.

专心翻译做到极致(2)

The

manufacturers

shall,18.

检验（Inspection）

（以下两项任选一项）：

（1）The

Seller

shall

have

the

goods

inspected

by

______

days

before

the

shipment

andhave

the

Inspection

Certificate

issued

by____.

The

Buyer

may

have

the

goods

re-inspected

by

________

after

the

goodsarrival

at

the

destination.

卖方须在装运前＿＿日委托＿＿＿＿＿＿检验机构对本合同之货物进行检验并出具检验证书，货到目的港后，由买方委托＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿检验机构进行检验。

专心翻译做到极致18.

检验（Inspection）

（以下两项任选一19.Claim(索赔):The

buyer

shall

make

a

claim

against

the

Seller

(including

replacement

of

the

goods)

by

thefurther

inspection

certificate

and

all

the

expenses

incurred

therefrom

shall

be

borne

by

the

Seller.

The

claims

mentioned

above

shall

be

regarded

as

being

accepted

if

the

Seller

fail

to

reply

within

______days

after

the

Seller

received

the

Buyer's

claim.

买方凭其委托的检验机构出具的检验证明书向卖方提出索赔（包括换货），由此引起的全部费用应由卖方负担。若卖方收到上述索赔后______天未予答复，则认为卖方已接受买方索赔。

专心翻译做到极致19.Claim(索赔):专心翻译做到极致20.

Late

Delivery

and

Penalty(迟交货与罚款):

Should

the

Seller

fail

to

make

delivery

on

time

as

stipulated

in

the

Contract,

with

the

exception

of

Force

Majeure

causes

specified

in

Clause

21

of

this

Contract,

the

Buyershall

agree

to

postpone

the

delivery

on

the

condition

that

the

Seller

agrees

to

pay

a

penalty

whichshall

be

deducted

by

the

paying

bank

from

the

payment

under

negotiation.

Therate

of

penalty

is

charged

at______%

Forevery

______

days,

odd

days

less

than

_____days

should

be

counted

as

______

days.

But

thepenalty,

however,

shall

not

exceed_______%

of

the

total

value

of

the

goods

involved

in

thedelayed

delivery.

In

case

the

Seller

fail

to

make

delivery

______

days

later

than

the

time

ofshipment

stipulated

in

the

Contract,

the

Buyer

shall

have

the

right

to

cancel

the

Contract

and

theSeller,

in

spite

of

the

cancellation,

shall

nevertheless

pay

the

aforesaid

penalty

to

the

Buyerwithout

delay.

The

buyer

shall

have

the

right

to

lodge

a

claim

against

the

Seller

for

the

losses

sustained

if

any.

专心翻译做到极致20.

Late

Delivery

and

Penalt21.

Force

Majeure(不可抗力)：

The

Seller

shall

not

be

responsible

for

the

delay

of

shipment

or

non-delivery

of

the

goods

due

toForce

Majeure,

which

might

occur

during

the

process

of

manufacturing

or

in

the

course

of

loading

or

transit.

The

Seller

shall

advise

the

Buyer

immediately

of

the

occurrence

mentioned

above

and

within_____

days

thereafter

the

Seller

shall

send

a

notice

by

courier

to

the

Buyer

for

theiracceptance

of

a

certificate

of

the

accident

issued

by

the

local

chamber

of

commerce

under

whosejurisdiction

the

accident

occurs

as

evidence

thereof.

Under

such

circumstances

the

Seller,however,

are

still

under

the

obligation

to

take

all

necessary

measures

to

hasten

the

delivery

of

the

goods.

In

case

the

accident

lasts

for

more

than

_____

days

the

Buyer

shall

have

the

right

to

cancel

the

Contract.

专心翻译做到极致21.

Force

Majeure(不可抗力)：

除合同第21条不可抗力原因外，如卖方不能按合同规定的时间交货，买方应同意在卖方支付罚款的条件下延期交货。罚款可由议付银行在议付货款时扣除，罚款率按每＿＿天收＿＿%，不足＿＿天时以＿＿天计算。但罚款不得超过迟交货物总价的____%。如卖方延期交货超过合同规定＿＿天时，买方有权撤销合同，此时，卖方仍应不迟延地按上述规定向买方支付罚款。买方有权对因此遭受的其他损失向卖方提出索赔。

专心翻译做到极致

专心翻译做到极致

发货前，制造厂应对货物的质量、规格、性能和数量/重量作精密全面的检验，出具检验证明书，并说明检验的技术数据和结论。货到目的港后，买方将申请中国商品检验局(以下简称商检局)对货物的规格和数量/重量进行检验，如发现货物残损或规格、数量与合同规定不符，除保险公司或轮船公司的责任外，买方得在货物到达目的港后＿＿日内凭商检局出具的检验证书向卖方索赔或拒收该货。在保证期内，如货物由于设计或制造上的缺陷而发生损坏或品质和性能与合同规定不符时，买方将委托中国商检局进行检验。

专心翻译做到极致发货前，制造厂应对货物的质量、规格、性能和数量/重量作22.

Arbitration(争议的解决

):

Any

dispute

arising

from

or

in

connection

with

the

Contract

shall

be

settled

through

friendlynegotiation.

In

case

no

settlement

is

reached,

the

dispute

shall

be

submitted

to

China

International

Economic

and

Trade

Arbitration

Commission

(CIETAC),Shenzhen

Commission

for

arbitrationin

accordance

with

its

rules

in

effect

at

the

time

of

applying

for

arbitration.

The

arbitral

award

is

finaland

binding

upon

both

parties.

专心翻译做到极致22.

Arbitration(争议的解决

):

A

凡在制造或装船运输过程中，因不可抗力致使卖方不能或推迟交货时，卖方不负责任。在发生上述情况时，卖方应立即通知买方，并在＿＿天内，给买方特快专递一份由当地民间商会签发的事故证明书。在此情况下，卖方仍有责任采取一切必要措施加快交货。如事故延续＿＿天以上，买方有权撤销合同。

专心翻译做到极致凡在制造或装船运输过程中，因不可抗力致使卖方不能或推迟交

凡因本合同引起的或与本合同有关的任何争议应协商解决。若协商不成，应提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会深圳分会，按照申请仲裁时该会现行有效的仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方均有约束力。

专心翻译做到极致凡因本合同引起的或与本合同有关的任何争议应协商解决。若协23.

Notices（通知):

Allnoticeshallbewrittenin

andservedtobothpartiesbyfax/email/courieraccordingtothefollowingaddresses.Ifanychangesoftheaddressesoccur,onepartyshallinformtheotherpartyofthechangeofaddresswithin

daysafterthechange.

所有通知用＿＿＿＿文写成，并按照如下地址用传真/电子邮件/快件送达给各方。如果地址有变更，一方应在变更后＿＿日内书面通知另一方。

专心翻译做到极致23.

Notices（通知):

Allnotice24.ThetermsFOB,CFR,CIFintheContractarebasedonINCOTERMS2000oftheInternationalChamberofCommerce.

本合同使用的FOB、CFR、CIF术语系根据国际商会《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》。

25.

Additional

clause(附加条款

)：

Conflicts

between

Contract

clause

hereabove

and

this

additional

clause,

if

any,

it

is

subject

to

this

additional

clause.

本合同上述条款与本附加条款抵触时，以本附加条款为准。

专心翻译做到极致24.ThetermsFOB,CFR,CIF26.ThisContractisexecutedintwocounterpartseachinChineseandEnglish,eachofwhichshallbedeemedequallyauthentic.ThisContractisin

copies,effectivesincebeingsigned/sealedbybothparties.

本合同用中英文两种文字写成，两种文字具有同等效力。本合同共＿＿

份，自双方代表签字（盖章）之日起生效。

专心翻译做到极致26.ThisContractisexecuteRepresentative

of

the

Buyer

买方代表（签字）：

(Authorized

signature):

Representative

of

the

Seller

卖方代表（签字）：

(Authorized

signature):

专心翻译做到极致Representative

of

the

Buyer

13.1法律英语的特点法律语言有其自身的特点，用词精准，制作客观陈述，不带主观色彩。所用词语，无论是名词还是动词，都非人们日常使用的口语体，非常正式，体现出了法律文本的严肃性和缜密性。法律英语特别强调三性：即表达的准确性、简明性和明晰性。如下例：

Theoptionperiodshallbetheperiodof10daysstartingfromthe30thdayaftertheexecutionofthisAgreement.[参考译文]选择期为本合同执行之日30天后的10天。专心翻译做到极致13.1法律英语的特点法律语言有其自身的特点，用词精准，制Thisconventionshallnotaffect,orbeincompatiblewith,theapplicationofanyinternationalconventionornationallawrelatingtotheregulationandcontroloftransportoperations.[参考译文]本公约不得影响任何有关运输业务管理的国际公约或国家法律的适用，也不得与之相冲突。专心翻译做到极致Thisconventionshallnotaf另外，法律英语在句法方面，长句、复杂句比较多，把错综复杂的信息通过各种连接有逻辑地安排在一个句子当中；为了准确完整地表达一个法律概念和法律事实，排除错误的可能性，条件句、定语从句的使用频率非常高。在翻译复杂的长句时，要先简化句子的结构，剔除定语、状语等修饰语，寻找主谓宾，抓住中心意思。如下例：专心翻译做到极致另外，法律英语在句法方面，长句、复杂句比较多，把错综复杂的信Everypersonwho,himself,isexercisingordinarycare,hasarighttoassumethateveryotherpersonwillperformhisdutyandobeythelaw;andintheabsenceofreasonablecauseforthinkingotherwise,itisnotnegligenceforsuchapersontofailtoanticipateanaccidentwhichcanbeoccasionedonlybyaviolationoflawordutybyantherperson.[参考译文]每个以适当谨慎行事的个人都有权假定他人将会履行职责并遵守法律；在没有其他理由做出不同判断之时，该个人未能预见他人仅在违犯法律或职责的情况下方可导致事故发生的，不构成疏忽责任。专心翻译做到极致Everypersonwho,himself,i

我们可以看出，上例中修饰主语的定语从句非常之长，并且有定语后置、分隔现象，而且从句之中又套从句，句式结构非常复杂。但这种句式的复杂性使得其条文逻辑脉络清楚明白，主从分明，又使得表述风格严谨、庄重。再如：

IftheRespondentappliestothecourtforittoconsidertheRespondent’sfinancialpositionafterthedivorce,thedecreenisicannotbemadeabsoluteunlessthecourtissatisfiedthatthePetitionerhadmadeorwillmakeproperfinancialprovisionfortheRespondent,orelsethatthePetitionershouldnotberequiredtomakeanyfinancialprovisionfortheRespondent.专心翻译做到极致我们可以看出，上例中修饰主语的定语从句非常之[参考译文]倘答辩人提出申请，要求法庭考虑其离婚后的经济状况，则法庭非认为呈请人已经提供或将会提供予答辩人妥善的经济援助，或（因任何理由）呈请人无需为答辩人提供任何经济援助，否则不可将暂准离婚令正式确定为最终离婚令。这整段话句式冗长，但把全句的修饰成分剔除后，我们可以找到主句：Thedecreenisicannotbemadeabsolute.围绕这个中心意思，这句话的翻译也就不难了。专心翻译做到极致[参考译文]倘答辩人提出申请，要求法庭考虑其离婚后的经我们在翻译法律英语时，不仅要清楚具体地表达出法律英语原有的意思和宗旨，还要注意我国法律术语的选择。另外，由于中英法律文化的重大差异和法律文书的特殊性，要在理解原文的基础上重写中文的表述方式，在中文的表达中同样要注意逻辑清晰，用语庄重。在尽量避免含有感情色彩的词语出现的同时，要注意符合汉语的表达习惯。例如：

Theborrowershallnotdoorcauseorsufferanythingtobedonewherebythelender’sinterestmaybeprejudiced.[参考译文1]借款人不得作出或促使或容许任何事情发生借以使贷款人的利益可能受损。专心翻译做到极致我们在翻译法律英语时，不仅要清楚具体地表达出法律英语原有的意[参考译文2]凡可导致贷款人的利益受损的事情，借款人均不得作出，或促使或容许其发生。上述两个版本的译文中，译文1不符合汉语的表达习惯，整个句子没有明显的层次，容易让人产生理解困难。但译文2就很好地解决了这个问题，主次分明，符合汉语的表达逻辑。专心翻译做到极致[参考译文2]凡可导致贷款人的利益受损的事情，借款人均不13.2法律文书的翻译法律文书多种多样，有各式法规条文，起诉书，答辩状，证明文件，委托书，判决书，各种合同等。其语言都有一个特点：即用语正式，专业术语多，句式结构也比较复杂。这给法律翻译设置了很大的障碍。本小节将从应用最广泛的合同文书出发，探讨法律文书的翻译技巧。专心翻译做到极致13.2法律文书的翻译法律文书多种多样，有各式法规条文，起生活中的法律文书中最常见的就是各种各样的合同。无论是公司之间的合作协议，采购合同，还是个人之间的财产协议都以合同的形式出现。如果涉及双语合同文书，那么翻译的责任就极其重大，稍有不慎，就会带来难以弥补的损失。合同通常有固定的格式，内容一般包括陈述、定义解释、双方的权利义、不可抗力条款、管辖的法律、争议的解决、责任、赔偿等等。另外，合同中常常涉及行业的专业术语，这一点在翻译时要特别注意，译者要多咨询业内人士，查询各种专业的工具书，避免在翻译中贻笑大方。专心翻译做到极致生活中的法律文书中最常见的就是各种各样的合同。无论是公司之间合同中经常使用公文用语，特别是英语中一套惯用的公文副词，如从此以后，今后：hereafter；此后，以后：thereafter；

在其上：thereon/thereupon；

在其下：thereunder；

对于这个：hereto；

对于那个：whereto；

在上文：hereinabove/hereinbefore；

在下文：hereinafter/hereinbelow；

在上文中，在上一部分中：thereinbefore；

在下文中，在下一部分中：thereinafter等等。如下例：专心翻译做到极致合同中经常使用公文用语，特别是英语中一套惯用的公文副词，如从ThisContractshallcomeintoforcefromthedateofexecutionhereofbytheBuyerandtheBuilder.[参考译文]本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。TheundersignedherebyagreesthatthenewproductswheretothistradenameismoreappropriatearemadeinChina.[参考译文]下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。专心翻译做到极致ThisContractshallcomeinto另外，合同中有一些条款基本内容是比较固定的，翻译是可以有现成的已为大众所接受的译文作为参考，如合同中的不可抗力条款和仲裁条款等。翻译时只要根据具体内容稍作更改即可。如：专心翻译做到极致另外，合同中有一些条款基本内容是比较固定的，翻译是可以有现成ForceMajeure:TheSellersshallnotbeheldresponsibleforlatedeliveryornon-deliveryofthegoodsowingtogenerallyrecognized"ForceMajeure"causes.However,insuchcase,theSellersshallimmediatelycabletheBuyerstheaccidentandairmailtotheBuyerswithin15daysaftertheaccident,acertificateoftheaccidentissuedbythecompetentgovernmentauthoritiesorthechamberofcommercewhichislocatedattheplacewheretheaccidentoccursasevidencethereof.Withtheexceptionoflatedeliveryornon-deliverydueto"ForceMajeure"causes,incasetheSellersfailtomakedeliverywithinthetimeasstipulatedinthecontract,theSellersshouldindemnifytheBuyersforalllossesandexpensesincurredtothelatterdirectlyattributabletolatedeliveryorfailuretomakedeliveryofthegoodsinaccordancewiththetermsofthiscontract.Ifthe"ForceMajeuer"causelastsover60days,theBuyersshallhavetherighttocanceltheContractortheundeliveredpartoftheContract.专心翻译做到极致专心翻译做到极致[参考译文]不可抗力：由于一般公认的人力不可抗拒原因而不能交货或装船迟延，卖方不负责任。但卖方必须在事故发生时立即电告买方并在事故发生后15天内航空邮寄给买方灾害发生地点之有关政府机关或商会所发给的证件证实灾害存在。除因不可抗力致装船迟延或不能交货外，如卖方不能按合同规定期限内装船，则需要赔偿买方直接由于延期交货或不能按合同条件交货所遭受之一切损失及费用。人力不可抗拒事故如继续存在60天以上时，买方有权撤销合同或合同中未装运部分。专心翻译做到极致[参考译文]不可抗力：由于一般公认的人力不可抗拒原因而不能交Arbitration:AlldisputesinconnectionwiththisContractortheexecutionthereofshallbeamicablysettledthroughnegotiation.IncasenosettlementcanbereachedbetweenthetwoParties,thecaseunderdisputeshallbesubmittedtotheTradeArbitrationCommissionoftheChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTradeforarbitration.ThearbitrationshalltakeplaceinBeijing,ChinaandshallbeexecutedinaccordancewiththeProvisionalRulesofProcedureofthesaidCommissionandthedecisionmadebytheArbitrationCommissionshallbeacceptedasfinalandbindinguponbothparties.ThefeesforarbitrationshallbebornebythelosingPartyunlessotherwiseawarded.专心翻译做到极致专心翻译做到极致[参考译文]仲裁：一切因执行本合同所发生与本合同有关之争执，双方应友好协商解决。如双方协商不能解决时，此争执应提交中国国际贸易促进委员会对外贸易仲裁委员会，按照该仲裁委员会仲裁程序暂行规则进行仲裁。仲裁地点在中国北京。仲裁委员会的裁决为终局裁决，对双方均有约束力，对仲裁费用除非仲裁委员会另有决定外，均由败诉一方负担。专心翻译做到极致[参考译文]仲裁：一切因执行本合同所发生与本合同有关之专心翻译做到极致翻译法律文件要求忠实于原文，不但要表意准确，而且还要符合法律语言的风格。文字要精确，洗炼。这就要求法律翻译工作者除了应具备从事一般文字翻译所必需的能力外，在英语和汉语的功底和写作能力上也有较高的要求，还要具备一定的法律方面的知识。专心翻译做到极致翻译法律文件要求忠实于原文，不但要表意准确专心翻译做到极致谢谢！专心翻译做到极致谢谢！法律翻译--译国译民翻译公司专心翻译做到极致法律翻译--译国译民翻译公司专心翻译翻译什么最难？一定有人会大声说：“法律！”的确，在法律英语中，冗长的叙述和古英语和拉丁语频频出现，要理解它已经很不容易。要想把法律英语翻译得严谨、缜密、滴水不漏，更是“蜀道难，难于上青天”啊。请先看一下法律条文中比比皆是的“条”、“款”、“项”、“目”的翻译。只是这4个词，现在的法律文献中的表述就已经相当混乱，而相关的工具书也没有一个统一的说法。一般意义上而言，在英文中能够表达法律中“条款”之类的词汇大概有：article,section,subsection,paragraph,subparagraph,item,clause,rule,regulation,provision,以及stipulation等等。根据美国《法律词典》（ADictionaryoftheLaw.Clapp,2000:36），Article:subdivisionofawritteninstrument;particularlya.asubdivisionofastatuteorconstitution,usuallysubdividedintosections.b.oneoftheitemsorclausesinacontract,treaty,orotheragreement.从此书对article的释义来看，article是宪法、制定法、或合同中“单独的，显著的部分”。所以，将之译为我国法律条文中的“条”是合适的。例如：专心翻译做到极致翻译什么最难？一定有人会大声说：“法律！”的确，在法律英语AnyMemberavailingitselfofthepossibilitiesprovidedinArticle6oftheBerneConvention(1971)orparagraph1(b)ofArticle16oftheRomeConventionshallmakeanotificationasforeseeninthoseprovisionstotheCouncilforTRIPS.

[参考译文]任何利用《伯尔尼公约》第6条或《罗马公约》第16条第1款（b）项规定的可能性的成员，均应按这些条款中所预想的那样，向TRIPS理事会做出通知。专心翻译做到极致AnyMemberavailingitselfofSubparagraph1(b)and1(c)ofArticleXXIIIofGATT1994shallnotapplytothesettlementofdisputesunderthisAgreementforaperiodoffiveyearsfromthedateofentryintoforceoftheWTOAgreement.

[参考译文]自《WTO协定》生效之日起5年内，GATT1994第23条第1款（b）项和（c）项不得适用于本协定项下的争端解决。专心翻译做到极致Subparagraph1(b)and1(c)另外，

clause一词可将其译为泛指意义上的“条款”。例如，《新英汉词典》（1985：208）中对clause这个词的解释就是“条款”，“款项”。比如，clauseofdevolution译为“义务承担条款”。

专心翻译做到极致另外，

clause一词可将其译为泛指意义上的“条款”。例如以下是一篇完整的采购合同框架，读者可体会一下合同翻译的用词，注意翻译的准确性。Purchase

Contract

Contract

No.(合同编号):

_________________

Date(签订日期)

________________________Signed

at(签订地点)

_____________________

The

Buyer(买方)：______________________

Address(地址)：________________________

The

Seller(卖方)：______________________Address(地址)：________________________The

Seller

and

the

Buyer

agree

to

conclude

this

Contract

subject

to

the

terms

and

conditions

statedbelow:

买卖双方同意按照下列条款签订本合同：

专心翻译做到极致以下是一篇完整的采购合同框架，读者可体会一下合同翻译的用词，1.

Name,

Specificatio