2023年考研英语阅读理解真题解析第三篇“话说身高”

20232023Text3①Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.②Thebodiesplaying①Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.②Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtohavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbiggeradjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.42分之一了。这些年来在较大的职业体育运动中的运发动的身体状况发生了很大的转变，而他们的经理人也更情愿调整队员的运动服来适应队员们更大，更高的身材。association ”susi”ein] 【例】Let”sformanassociationtohelpblindpeople.让我们建立一个协会来帮助盲人吧。dramatically [dr”mtikli] ad.从戏剧角度;戏剧性地,显著地【例】Ikeptemphasizinghowdramaticallythingshavechanged.我反复强调事情发生了多大的变化。adjust ”dst] vt.vi.【例】Thiselectricpotcanadjustthetemperatureautomatically.这种电饭锅能自动调整温度。Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.【译文】可是假设他参与了上个赛季的话，他就变成了42分之一了。if+haddonewouldhavedone，这句话是过去时的虚however是插入语。Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechanged dramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbyyersofbigger,longerframes.也更情愿调整队员的运动服来适应队员们更大，更高的身材。andThebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsporthavechanged是谓语，dramaticallyovertheyears是状语。后半句中，managers是主语，havebeen是谓语。③Thoughtypically③Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsyearsago,today’speople– especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.U.S.formanygenerations–apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly1960s.Andtheyaren’tlikelytogetanytallr“Inthegeneralpopulationtoday,atthisgenetic,environmental level,we’veprettymuch goneasfaraswecango,”saysanthropologistWilliamCameron Chumlea ofWrightStateUniversity.InthecaseofNBAplayers,theirincreaseinheightappearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommon practiceofrecruitingplayersfromallovertheworld.虽然体育界的这种趋势可能蒙蔽了一个没有被成认的现实：美国人根本上停顿生长了。虽然现在人们1402英寸，特别是那些诞生在已移民美国很多代的那些人，但是明显的，在二十世纪60年月“在这个基因和环境的条件下，现NBA球员来说，他们身高的增加主要由于从世界各地招募到了球员。obscure [b”skju]a.微暗的,难解的,模糊的,晦涩的,偏僻的,不著名的vt.使阴暗,隐蔽,使含糊【例】ThedraftingofthissectionoftheBillisobscure.草案上的这一项模糊不清。apparently [”pærntliad.外表上,似乎,明显地【例】Apparentlyhewantedtobeclosetothosecommonpeople.他明显想接近那些平民。genetic [dʒi”neitika.遗传的,遗传学的【例】Anenzymethatcatalyzesgeneticrecombination.催化重级酶能催化基因重组的一种酶。anthropologist [ænθr”pɔldʒist] n.人类学家【例】Theanthropologistcontrastedtwoculturesinhislecture.这位人类学家在讲座中将两种文化进展比照。recruit [ri”kru:t] .,会员,补给品vt.使恢复,补充,vi.征募兵,复原【例】Werecruitallourrestaurantstafflocally我们从本地招全部的餐厅职员。Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsago,today’speople–especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerations–apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly1960s.260年月早期，已经到达了他们的身高的极限。yearsago是状语，especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanytheearly1960s是时间状语。④④Growth,whichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20,demandscaloriesandAtthestartofthe20thcentury,under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.Butasdietandhealthimproved,childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownastheseculartrendinheight.Yetaccordingtothe5′4″forwomennutrients–notably,protein–tonutrients–notably,protein–tofeedexpandingtissues.20岁以后就停顿了，而发育是需要能量和养分的，其中的蛋白质用来供给组织的20世纪初，养分不良和儿童疾病阻碍了整体的发育。但是当饮食和安康的促进，儿童和青少年1.51960年开头，人们的5954英寸，就没有怎么转变了。tissue [”tiʃu] n.薄的纱织品,薄纸,棉纸,组织,连篇【例】Theprocessofdissolutionandresorptionofbonytissue.骨组织吸取骨组织分解和吸取的过程。adolescent [ædu”lesnt] .青春期的,n.青少年【例】anawkwardbad-manneredadolescentboy.笨拙的没礼貌的青少年。secular [”sekjul] .牧师,a.世俗的,现世的,不朽的,长期的【例】Thechoirsingsbothsacredandsecularmusic.唱诗班既唱圣乐也唱世俗歌曲。,hysdeef,ssdnotably,protein–tofeedexpandingtissues.20岁以后就停顿了，而发育是需要能量和养分的，其中的蛋白质用来供给组织的生长。beyondtheageof20是定语从句，expandingtissues是对宾语的补足。Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.Duringchildbirth,largerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirthcanal.Moreove,reventhoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyears,ourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcannoteasilywithstandrepeatedstrainimposedbyoversizelimbs.“Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbythegeneticarchitectureoftheindividualorganism,”saysanthropologistWilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity.总的说来，避开太高的身高是有很多优点的。在生产时，较大的婴儿通过产道是有更多的问题的。而且，就算人类已经直立行走已经几百万年了，我们的脚和背部连续对抗着巨大的压力，这些压力来源于双足直立的姿势和巨大的肢体。“有一些限制是个体器官的基因构造导致的。”西北大学的人类学家WilliamLeonard说道。substantial [sb”stænʃln.重要局部,本质a.实质上的,物质的,有内容的,结实的【例】Sherealizedasubstantialreturnontheinvestment. 她在那次投资中获得了实在的回报bipedal [”baipedla.两足动物【例】largecarnivorousbipedaldinosaurhavinghugeclaws爪巨大的大型食肉类两足恐龙。strain .;损伤,扭伤;紧急,牵强vi.尽力,用劲nU拉紧,张力,应变;紧急【例】Thegreatmentalstrainandoverworkshatteredhismind.巨大的精神负担和过度劳累使他心智受损。architecture[”ɑ:kitektʃn.建筑学,建筑术;建筑物;组织,构造【例】Thestudyofecclesiasticalarchitectureandornamentation.教堂建筑学争论教堂建筑及装饰的学科。Gordon,senioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatick,Mass.,⑤Gordon,senioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatick,Mass.,⑤ClaireC.ensuresensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithoutalteration.Shesaysthat,unlikethoseforbasketball,thelengthofmilitaryuniformshasnotchangedforsometime.Andifyouneedtopredicthumanheightinthenearfuturetodesignapieceofequipment,Gordonsaysthatbyandlarge,“youcouldusetoday’sdataandfeelfairlyconfident.”MassNatick的军队争论中心的高级.Gordon确信百分之九十的入伍兵不需要更换的制服和工作站。她说，不像那些篮球制服，军队的制服长度很长时间都没有转变了。假设你需要在不远的将来推想人类的身高而去设计一说根本上，“你都能够使用现在的数据并且觉得格外地自信。”ClaireC.Gordon,senioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatick,Mass,ensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithoutalteration.ClaireCGordon确信百分之九十的入伍兵不需要更换的制服和工作站。ClaireC.Gordon是主语，senioranthropologistattheArmyResearch90percentoftheuniformsandoftheuniforms是宾语从句中的谓语，recruits是宾语从句中的宾语。31. WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampletoillustratethechangeofheightofNBAplayers.showthepopularityofNBAplayersintheU.S..comparedifferentgenerationsofNBAplayers.assesstheachievementsoffamousNBAplayers.A】WiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythreeplayersintheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBAlistedatoversevenfeet.7342人之一。说742NBA运发动的身高变化。NBA球员的名声，与原文不符。NBA两代的球员的区分，与原文不符。A。Whichofthefollowingplaysakeyroleinbodygrowthaccordingtothetext?Geneticmodification.Naturalenvironment.Livingstandards.Dailyexercise.C】【解析】C“Butasdietandhealthimprovedchildrenandadolescentshaveonaverage,［答案解析］身体成长方面，本文的一些表述格外明确：青少年身体成长受〔摄取〕热量、养分、饮食及安康等因素的影响；在这些因素不成问题的状况下，成人身高受制于基因。问题是这个题目是问什么呢？growth的结果啊〔Geneticmaximums可能就发生变化了，于是成人身高可能就会变化了〔如increasedinheightbyaboutaninchand［答案解析］身体成长方面，本文的一些表述格外明确：青少年身体成长受〔摄取〕热量、养分、饮食及安康等因素的影响；在这些因素不成问题的状况下，成人身高受制于基因。问题是这个题目是问什么呢？growth的结果啊〔Geneticmaximums可能就发生变化了，于是成人身高可能就会变化了〔如大幅增长大幅增长Apopulationpopulationtodayatthisgeneticenvironmentallevel这句话，也就是在目前的基因和环境条件下，身高的增长已到终点。假设基因算一个因素的话，那B选项也对呀，此题的难处在于，A、B、C、D规律上都是重要的影响因素，而且A、B也有明述。但这是单项选择题，所以A和B可以同时被排解；二、明确阐述身体增长内容，集中于本文第三段，此处涉及的热量、养分、饮食及安康等因素均可以归因于Livingstandardsstandards，对吧？D选项规律上是，但本文并未提及〔留意题目要求是accordingtothetext，即使没有这个文字，阅读题也要坚持这个原则没有这个文字，阅读题也要坚持这个原则要大胆地把合理的推理的推出来，又不能自作主见地参与文章未表述的元素〔观看妇女想到粉臂想到大腿的思维方式格外有害，太多的干扰选项是对这种思维方式下套。固然，这个度有时把握起来比较难。Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?Non-Americansaddtotheaverageheightofthenation.Humanheightisconditionedbytheuprightposture.Americansarethetallestonaverageintheworld.Largerbabiestendtobecometallerinadulthood.B】today’speople–B．原文Moreovereventhoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyearsourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcannoteasilywithstandrepeatedlimbs.today’speople–especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerationsespeciallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerations–apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly1960s但这只是说明白美国本地人的身高增长到了极限，这之外的美国人〔s吧，身高增长还在连续。但他们是不是就增加了美国的平均身高呢？固然不是，你身高在增长，但有多高啊？假设长了半天，还没美国本地人高，那对美国的平均身高的作用就不是身高的作用就不是add吧？B正确，Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbythegeneticarchitecturearchitectureoftheindividualorganism.geneticarchitecture就是前面提到的bipedal,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.Duringchildbirth,largerbabieshavemoredifficultydifficultypassingthroughthebirthcanal.意思是人类不能长太高了，否则生的时候困难，这个规律明显是，人类〔成人〕身材变高→胎儿变大。但反过来是不是成立呢？至少从规律上不愿定啊。明显是，人类〔成人〕身材变高→胎儿变大。但反过来是不是成立呢？至少从规律上不愿定啊。Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinthenearfutur