最新基础医学英语课件

基础医学英语基础医学英语1Word-Formationhomeo-相同，象；同一，同

(homeostasis)

hypno-

睡眠

（hypnosis/hypnotic/hypnotherapy）

psych/o

心理，精神

(psychotherapy)ovari/o-

卵巢

(ovarian)splen/o

脾

(spleen)leuk/o

白

(leukemia)lymph/o

淋巴

(lymphoma)melan/o

黑色

(melanoma)onco-

瘤，肿(oncology)Word-Formationhomeo-相同，象；同一2最新基础医学英语课件3最新基础医学英语课件4最新基础医学英语课件5最新基础医学英语课件6最新基础医学英语课件7最新基础医学英语课件8美国在对越南战争中阵亡士兵的尸体进行解剖时发展，营养供应全面的20岁左右的士兵，不少已患了动脉硬化。美国人开始对自己生活方式及医疗保健体系的正确性产生怀疑。当医学领域的矛盾也同样在日本显露出来时，日本人开始重新重视自己的传统思想文化，很快地接受了整体的观念。美国在对越南战争中阵亡士兵的尸体进行解剖时发展，营养供应全面9整体医学的理论体系，现在尚未正式形成，但已具雏形，大致包括：(1)强调整体的健康观；(2)治疗的出发点是激发自然治愈力；(3)治疗疾病的主角是患者自身，治疗者不过是援助者；(4)把各种治疗方法综合起来加以应用。美国整体医学的兴起，可以说是始于美国加利福尼亚州巴克莱整体健康中心的设立。此后，类似的整体健康中心很快在美国各大城市建立，在全美掀起了一个整体健康运动。整体医学的理论体系，现在尚未正式形成，但已具雏形，大致包括：101987年，全美整体医学协会成立，美国替代医学的绝数门类都属于整体医学范畴。日本整体医学的发端晚于美国，但其发展的势头超过了美国。这是因为日本原有的东洋医学的传统与整体医学的观念十分接近，因此，整体医学传至日本后便很快与东洋医学结合起来，得到迅速普及。1987年，全美整体医学协会成立，美国替代医学的绝数门类都属11我国整体医学发展概况自从20世纪80年代我国实行改革开放以后，经济建设得到迅速的发展，特别是我国进入WTO后医疗卫生必须适应国际化的要求。21世纪社会的发展以人为本，人的发展以健康为本，健康才是人生最宝贵的财富。人是一个不可侵害的有机整体，人所需要的卫生服务是一种整体性的服务，要提供这种服务必须树立整体医学观，掌握系统整体性的思维方式。我国整体医学发展概况12随着医学科学的发展，传统的生物医学模式正在转变为生物-心理-社会医学模式，要求临床医务人员具备的知识结构符合这种模式要求，医学院校完善自己的教学体系成立相应的教研室。1979年北京大学医学院率先成立了医学心理学教研室，至今几乎所有的医学学院已正式开设了医学心理学的课程或讲座。整体护理也在各级医院得到深化和推广。2002年我国创办了中华全科医生杂志，宣传、交流、推广整体医学，使整体医学得到普遍重视。随着医学科学的发展，传统的生物医学模式正在转变为生物-心理-13整体医学的崛起给中医药学国际化带来了机遇，整体医学与中医药学的关系是十分密切的。从理论体系看，整体医学的理论与中医药学的学说实际上是相通的。如《黄帝内经》中就提出“人与天地相参”的观点。“人与天地相参”可以认为是《黄帝内经》对医学认识的根本指导思想，其含义可以归结为四个方面：一是人是自然界运动变化的产物；二是自然界是人类赖以生存的基本条件；三是人体与自然界有着共同规律；四是人体生理机制与病理过程受自然界的影响，所以中医药学与整体医学是相通的。整体医学的崛起给中医药学国际化带来了机遇，整体医学与中医药学14美国整体医学主要表现替代疗法的常用的十六种方法中，有5种属中医药学范畴，日本整体医学界也十分重视中医学的各种疗法。中医、中药、针灸、气功、推拿被广泛应用于倡导整体医学的医院、诊疗所、疗养院中，所以整体医学的崛起将给中医药学的国际化带来机遇。美国整体医学主要表现替代疗法的常用15整体医学发展趋势我国原有的卫生服务体系采用各种卫生服务相互独立、各自为政、垂直管理的模式，分别由相应的部门来管理，由专门的机构来实施，由不同的专业人员来提供，相互之间缺乏协调和合作，难以实现横向整合，这种模式不能适应社会发展的需要。医疗服务是一种整体性服务，特别需要对卫生服务进行横向整合，加强各部门、系统和人员之间的协调和合作，只有这样才能充分满足社会对卫生服务的要求，才能使有限的卫生资源产生最佳的效率和效益。整体医学发展趋势16随着整体医学在国内外的不断发展，一个整体医学理论体系即将建立，医学研究的对象更为明确，医学的最终目的将是鉴别疾病、治愈疾病、控制症状、预防疾病、帮助患者适应症状和环境，尽可能恢复功能，满足患者的需要，改善个人的生活质量，进而改善全体人民的生活质量。整体医学与中医药学的关系密切，整体医学的崛起将给中医药学的国际化带来机遇。现在应解放思想，实事求是，大胆开拓，使中医药学进一步走向世界。随着整体医学在国内外的不断发展，一个整体医学理17GroupdiscussionWhatdoyouknowabout:1.

holism2.holisticmedicine3.holistichealthGroupdiscussionWhatdoyoukn18Holism(fromholos,aGreekwordmeaningall,entire,total)istheideathatallthepropertiesofagivensystem(biological,chemical,social,economic,mental,linguistic,etc.)cannotbedeterminedorexplainedbythesumofitscomponentpartsalone.Instead,thesystemasawholedeterminesinanimportantwayhowthepartsbehave.Theterm‘holism’wascoinedin1926,bytheSouthAfricanstatesmanGeneralJanChristian

Smuts.IntroductionHolism(fromholos,aGreekwo19holistic

adj.

describinganapproachtopatientcareinwhichthephysical,mental,andsocialfactorsinthepatient’sconditionaretakenintoaccount,ratherthanjustthediagnoseddisease.Thetermisappliedtoarangeoforthodoxandunorthodoxmethodsoftreatments.

机能整体性的

描述照料病人的一种思路：应考虑病人的身体、精神、以及社会等各方面因素，而不是仅仅考虑经诊断的疾病。此术语适用于一系列正统的和非正统的治疗方法。holisticadj.

describingana20UnderstandingtheTextPartIIntroduction(para.1-3)1.DefinitionofholisticmedicinegivenbyCanadianHolisticMedicalAssociation(para.1-2)

AmericanHolisticMedicalAssociation(AHMA)(Foundedin1978)/BritishHolisticMedicalAssociation(BHMA)(Formedin1983)/new_site/about.php

UnderstandingtheTextPartII21optimal----adj.thebestormostfavorableordesirablee.g.Anoptimalenvironmentforhealingwellbeing/wellness----n.healthalternate/alternativeDifficultPointsoptimal----adj.thebestorm22AlternativeMedicine----替代医学awiderangeoftreatmentsformedicalconditionsthatpeopleuseinsteadoforwithwesternmedicine.Itisoftenusedbythegeneralpublicandsomehealthcarepractitionerstorefertomedicaltechniqueswhicharenotknownoracceptedbythemajority"conventional"medicalpractitioners.Suchtechniquescouldincludenon-invasive,non-pharmaceuticaltechniquessuchasMedicalHerbalism,Acupunture,hypnotherapy,naturopathy

andmanyothers.However,thistermcanalsorefertoanyexperimentaldrugornon-drugtechniquethatisnotcurrentlyacceptedby"conventional"medicalpractitioners.AlternativeMedicine----替代医学232.Holistichealth/holistichealing(para.3)Questions:Whatisholistichealth?Whatisthegoalofholistichealing?Holistichealthisaphilosophyofmedicalcarethat

viewsphysicalandmentalaspectsoflifeasclosely

interconnectedandequallyimportantapproachesto

treatment.Holistichealthisnotitselfamethodoftreatment,butisanapproachtohowtreatmentshouldbeapplied.2.Holistichealth/holistiche24DifficultPointstakesabroaderspectrumofmind,body,andspirit(para.3)spectrum----range,field,scope领域,范围;谱;系e.g.

broad-spectrumantibiotic广谱抗生素healer(para.3)---apersonskilledinaparticulartypeoftherapy(Synonym:therapist)DifficultPointstakesabroade25PartIIOverview(para.4-5)Questions:1.Whatarethehealthylifestylehabitspromotedbyhealthprofessionals?2.Whatdoesaholisticapproachgenerallymeaninmainstreammedicine?PartIIOverview(para.4-5)Que26Mainstreammedicine/careComplementarytherapy/medicinePreventivecare/publichealthHealthprofessionals/providersAmoreinclusiveapproachtoaperson’shealthDifficultPointsMainstreammedicine/careDiffic27Mainstream/Conventionalmedicine

e.g.chemotherapy

surgery

radiationtherapy

hormonetherapy

Mainstream/Conventionalmedici28ComplementaryMedicine补充医学Anon-mainstreamhealthcareprovidedinadditionorinsteadofstandardmedicalpractice.Itisoftenusedby"conventional"medicalpractitionerstorefertonon-invasive,non-pharmaceuticaltechniquesusedasacomplementto"conventional"medicaltreatmentssuchasdrugsandsurgery.Thetermimpliesthat"conventional"medicineisusedasaprimarytoolandthenon-invasive,non-pharmaceuticaltechniquesareusedasasupplementwhenneeded.

ComplementaryMedicine补充医学An29Preventivecare

isasetofmeasurestakeninadvanceofsymptomstopreventillnessorinjury.Thistypeofcareisbestexemplifiedbyroutinephysicalexaminationsandimmunizations.Theemphasisisonpreventingillnessesbeforetheyoccur.(compare:Publichealth)Preventivecareisasetofme30healthcareprovider/healthprofessional

----Ahealthcareproviderorhealthprofessionalisanorganizationorpersonwhodeliversproperhealthcareinasystematicwayprofessionallytoanyindividualinneedofhealthcareservices.

Healthcareprofessionalsincludephysicians,physicianassistants,supportstaff,nurses,pharmacists,therapists,psychologists,veterinarians(兽医),dentists,optometrists(配镜师),andawidevarietyofotherindividualsregulatedand/orlicensedtoprovidesometypeofhealthcare.healthcareprovider/health31Amoreinclusiveapproachtoaperson’shealth

(para.5)inclusive

adj.----1)coveringawidescope;involvingmuchoreverything;2)all-around,general,comprehensive,e.g.gender-inclusive不分性别的all-inclusive包罗万象的Amoreinclusiveapproachtoa32PartIIIPromotionofUse(para.6-7)Questions:1.Whatarethecomplementarytherapiesmentionedinpara.6?2.Whatarethedifferentkindsofcancerclaimedtobecuredbyholisticmethodsinpara.7?PartIIIPromotionofUse(pa33DifficultPointsanecdotal(para.7)---informal

(unscientific）ArttherapyHypnosisImageryMeditationPsychotherapySpiritualityandprayeryogaDifficultPointsanecdotal(pa34ArtTherapy艺术疗法

Othercommonnames:creativeartstherapy,

expressiveartstherapy

Arttherapyisusedtohelppeoplemanagephysicalandemotionalproblemsbyusingcreativeactivitiestoexpressemotions.Itprovidesawayforpeopletocometotermswithemotionalconflicts,increaseself-awareness,andexpressunspokenandoftenunconsciousconcernsabouttheirillnessandtheirlives."Expressiveartstherapy"or"creativeartstherapy"mayalsoincludedanceandmovement,drama,poetry,phototherapyandothers,aswellasthemoretraditionalartmethods.ArtTherapy艺术疗法

Othercommon35Hypnosis催眠疗法

Othercommonnames:Hypnotherapy,Hypnotic

Suggestion,Self-Hypnosis

Hypnosisisastateofrestfulalertnessduringwhich

apersonusesdeeplyfocusedconcentration.Thepersoncanberelativelyunawareof,butnotcompletelyblindto,herorhissurroundings,andmaybemoreopentosuggestion.Itisconsideredtobeatypeofcomplementarytherapy.Hypnosis催眠疗法

Othercommonnam36Imagery想象(疗法)

Othercommonnames:GuidedImagery,

Visualization

Imageryinvolvesmentalexercisesdesignedtoallowthemindtoinfluencethehealthandwellbeingofthebody.Imagery想象(疗法)

Othercommonna37Meditation冥想(疗法)

Othercommonnames:mindfulnessmeditation,

transcendentalmeditation

Meditationisamind-bodyprocessthatusesconcentrationorreflectiontorelaxthebodyandcalmthemind.Ithasbeendefinedastheintentionalself-regulationofattention,amentalfocusonaparticularaspectofone'sinnerorouterexperience.OnecommonlypracticedtypeisTranscendentalMeditation,whichinvolvesrepeatingawordorphrase,eithersilentlyoraloud.Anotherismindfulnessmeditation,inwhichapersonobservessensations,perceptions,andthoughtswithoutjudgmentastheyarise.Meditation冥想(疗法)

Othercommon38Psychotherapy心理/精神疗法

Othercommonnames:Therapy,Counseling,

PsychologicalIntervention,

PsychotherapeuticTreatment

Psychotherapycoversawiderangeofapproachesdesignedtohelppeoplechangetheirwaysofthinking,feeling,orbehaving.Psychotherapy心理/精神疗法

Otherco39SpiritualityandPrayer宗教/精神疗法Othercommonnames:Religion,spiritualhealingSpiritualityisgenerallydescribedasanawarenessofsomethinggreaterthantheindividualself.Itisoftenexpressedthroughreligionand/orprayer,althoughtherearemanyotherpathsofspiritualpursuitandexpression.SpiritualityandPrayer宗教/精神疗40Yoga瑜珈

Othercommonname:HathaYoga

Yogaisaformofnon-aerobicexercisethatinvolvesaprogramofpreciseposture,breathingexercises,andmeditation.

Yogacanbeausefulmethodtohelprelievesomesymptomsofchronicdiseasessuchascancer,arthritis,andheartdiseaseandcanleadtoincreasedrelaxationandphysicalfitness.Availablescientificevidencedoesnotsupportyogaasaneffectivetreatmentforcanceroranyotherdisease;however,itmayenhancequalityoflife.Somecancertreatmentcentersevenofferyogainadditiontostandardmedicaltreatment.Yoga瑜珈

Othercommonname:Hat41PartIVCoverage(para.8-11)Questions:1.Whatdoallpractitionersstresswhentheyarepracticingholisticmedicine?(Para.8)2.Whatdoesholisticmedicineinvolve?(Para.9-10)PartIVCoverage(para.8-11)Q42DifficultPointsHelicobacterpylorisupplement:补品

(natural/botanical/health/dietary/nutritional)syntheticinterferonhealingtouchDifficultPoints43HelicobacterPylori:幽门螺杆菌

Helicobacterpyloriisabacteriumthatinfectsthemucusliningofthehumanstomach.ManypepticulcersandsometypesofgastritisarecausedbyH.pyloriinfection,althoughmosthumanswhoareinfectedwillneverdevelopsymptoms.Thisbacteriumlivesinthehumanstomachexclusivelyandistheonlyknownorganismthatcanthriveinthathighlyacidicenvironment.Itishelix-shaped(hencethenamehelicobacter)andcanliterallyscrewitselfintothestomachliningtocolonize.(helix----螺旋线)

HelicobacterPylori:幽门螺杆菌

Hel44

早在一个世纪前就有人发现胃内存在一种螺旋状

微生物，由于长期未能分离而未受到重视。

直至1983年澳大利亚佩思皇家医院的Warren

和Marshall报道从胃内成功地分离出“未鉴定的弯曲

状杆菌”(unidentifiedcurvedbacilli)后,才引

起医学界的广泛兴趣，从各方面进行了深入的研究。

人们在研究这种细菌的生物学物性时，曾几次对其

易名，直到1989年才正式将其命名为:幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacterpylori,Hp）早在一个世纪前就有人发现胃内存在一种螺旋状

45interferons干扰素----small,naturalorsyntheticproteinandglycoproteincytokines(细胞素)thatareproducedbyleucocytes,T-lymphocytes,andfibroblasts(成纤维细胞)inresponsetoinfectionandotherbiologicalstimuli.Incancertreatment,theyareusedasimmunotherapyagainsttheproliferation(增生)erferons干扰素46Healingtouch触摸治疗HealingTouchisarelaxing,nurturingenergytherapy.

Gentletouchassistsinbalancingyourphysical,mental,emotional,andspiritualwell-being.

HealingTouchworkswithyourenergy

fieldtosupportyournaturalabilitytoheal.

Itissafeforallagesandworksinharmonywithstandardmedicalcare.

Healingtouch触摸治疗HealingTouc47HealingTouchisusedinawidevarietyofsettingsincludinghospitals,longtermcarefacilities,privatepractices,hospices(临终关怀医院),andspas(疗养院).

JanetMentgen,RN,foundedHealingTouchin

1989asacontinuingeducationprogramfornurses,

otherhealthcareprofessionals,andlaypersons.

TodayHealingTouchhasspreadinternationallyand

istaughtinuniversities,medicalandnursingschools,

andothersettingsinternationally.HealingTouchisusedinawid48Reducingstress

Calminganxiety,depression

Decreasingpain

Strengtheningtheimmunesystem

Enhancingrecoveryfromsurgery

Completingcareforneckandbackproblems

Supportingcancercare

Creatingasenseofwell-being

EasingacuteandchronicconditionsSomeofthebenefitsofhealingtouchReducingstressSomeofthebe49PartVAshorthistory(para.12-13)

PartVIScientificevidence(para.14-15)

Questions:1.Whydoesscientificresearchgenerallynotfocusonholisticmedicineitselfasacureforcanceroranyotherdisease?(Para.14)2.Accordingtohealthprofessionals,whatdoesaperson’shealthdependon?(Para.15)PartVAshorthistory(para.50DifficultPointscost-effective(para.14)

----adj.economicalintermsofthegoodsorservicesreceivedforthemoneyspent.成本效益高的,经济的,上算的,划得来的clergy(para.15)----n.clergymen,thebodyofpeopleordainedforreligiousservice.牧师;教士DifficultPointscost-effective51PartVIIPossibleproblemsorcomplications

(para.16)

Question:Inyouropinion,whatlimitationdoes

holisticmedicinehave?PartVIIPossibleproblemsor52OtherTermsAssociatedwithHolisticMedicineNaturopathyHomeopathy(homoeopathy)AllopathyOtherTermsAssociatedwithHo53Naturopathicmedicine(alsoknownasnaturopathy,ornaturalmedicine)isacomplementaryandalternativemedicinewhichemphasizesthebody'sintrinsicabilitytohealandmaintainitself.Naturopathsprefertousenaturalremediessuchasherbsandfoodsratherthansurgeryorsyntheticdrugs.Naturopathicpracticeincludesmanydifferentmodalities.Practitionersemphasizeaholisticapproachtopatientcare,andmayrecommendpatientsuseconventionalmedicinealongsidetheirtreatments.Naturopathicmedicine(alsokn54Homeopathy(homoeopathy)

Asystemofmedicinebasedonthetheorythat

‘likecureslike’.Thepatientistreatedwithextremelysmallquantitiesofdrugsthatarethemselvescapableofproducingsymptomsofhisparticulardisease.ThesystemwasfoundedbySamuelhahnemann(1755---1843)attheendof18thcenturyandisfollowedbyaminorityofdoctorsintheUK.ThereisaRoyalLondonHomeopathicHospital.

Homeopathy(homoeopathy)

As55

顺势疗法以“以毒攻毒”理论为基础的医学体系。用极小量的药物治疗病人，而该药本身就能产生病人所患疾病的症状。该体系由创立于18世纪末，目前在英国仍被少数医生沿用。并有一所伦敦皇家顺势疗法医院。

homeopathic(homoeopathic)

adj.

(1)oforrelatingtohomeopathy

顺势疗法的，与顺势疗法有关的

(2)infinitesimallysmall,asappliedtothedoseofadrug

极小的（指一药物的剂量）

顺势疗法以“以毒攻毒”理论为基础的医学体系。用56Allopathyisatermforconventionalmedicine,usedmostfrequentlybyitscritics.ThewordwascoinedbySamuelHahnemann.

Allopathyn.----theorthodoxsystemofmedicine,inwhichtheuseofdrugsisdirectedtoproducingeffectsinthebodythatwilldirectlyopposeandsoalleviatethesymptomsofadisease.

对抗疗法一种传统的医疗体系，药物使用的目的为在体内直接对疾病症状产生作用而加以缓解。Allopathyisatermforconven57PhrasesintheText1.holisticmedicine/health/healing2.alternative/alternatemedicine3.modalitiesofdiagnosisandtreatment4.mainstream/conventionalmedicine(care)5.healthprofessionals/plementarytherapy7.preventivecarePhrasesintheText1.holistic588.radiation/hormonetherapy9.oralhygiene10.genotoxicagents11.syntheticinterferon12.sideeffects13.physicaltherapists最新基础医学英语课件59最新基础医学英语课件60基础医学英语基础医学英语61Word-Formationhomeo-相同，象；同一，同

(homeostasis)

hypno-

睡眠

（hypnosis/hypnotic/hypnotherapy）

psych/o

心理，精神

(psychotherapy)ovari/o-

卵巢

(ovarian)splen/o

脾

(spleen)leuk/o

白

(leukemia)lymph/o

淋巴

(lymphoma)melan/o

黑色

(melanoma)onco-

瘤，肿(oncology)Word-Formationhomeo-相同，象；同一62最新基础医学英语课件63最新基础医学英语课件64最新基础医学英语课件65最新基础医学英语课件66最新基础医学英语课件67最新基础医学英语课件68美国在对越南战争中阵亡士兵的尸体进行解剖时发展，营养供应全面的20岁左右的士兵，不少已患了动脉硬化。美国人开始对自己生活方式及医疗保健体系的正确性产生怀疑。当医学领域的矛盾也同样在日本显露出来时，日本人开始重新重视自己的传统思想文化，很快地接受了整体的观念。美国在对越南战争中阵亡士兵的尸体进行解剖时发展，营养供应全面69整体医学的理论体系，现在尚未正式形成，但已具雏形，大致包括：(1)强调整体的健康观；(2)治疗的出发点是激发自然治愈力；(3)治疗疾病的主角是患者自身，治疗者不过是援助者；(4)把各种治疗方法综合起来加以应用。美国整体医学的兴起，可以说是始于美国加利福尼亚州巴克莱整体健康中心的设立。此后，类似的整体健康中心很快在美国各大城市建立，在全美掀起了一个整体健康运动。整体医学的理论体系，现在尚未正式形成，但已具雏形，大致包括：701987年，全美整体医学协会成立，美国替代医学的绝数门类都属于整体医学范畴。日本整体医学的发端晚于美国，但其发展的势头超过了美国。这是因为日本原有的东洋医学的传统与整体医学的观念十分接近，因此，整体医学传至日本后便很快与东洋医学结合起来，得到迅速普及。1987年，全美整体医学协会成立，美国替代医学的绝数门类都属71我国整体医学发展概况自从20世纪80年代我国实行改革开放以后，经济建设得到迅速的发展，特别是我国进入WTO后医疗卫生必须适应国际化的要求。21世纪社会的发展以人为本，人的发展以健康为本，健康才是人生最宝贵的财富。人是一个不可侵害的有机整体，人所需要的卫生服务是一种整体性的服务，要提供这种服务必须树立整体医学观，掌握系统整体性的思维方式。我国整体医学发展概况72随着医学科学的发展，传统的生物医学模式正在转变为生物-心理-社会医学模式，要求临床医务人员具备的知识结构符合这种模式要求，医学院校完善自己的教学体系成立相应的教研室。1979年北京大学医学院率先成立了医学心理学教研室，至今几乎所有的医学学院已正式开设了医学心理学的课程或讲座。整体护理也在各级医院得到深化和推广。2002年我国创办了中华全科医生杂志，宣传、交流、推广整体医学，使整体医学得到普遍重视。随着医学科学的发展，传统的生物医学模式正在转变为生物-心理-73整体医学的崛起给中医药学国际化带来了机遇，整体医学与中医药学的关系是十分密切的。从理论体系看，整体医学的理论与中医药学的学说实际上是相通的。如《黄帝内经》中就提出“人与天地相参”的观点。“人与天地相参”可以认为是《黄帝内经》对医学认识的根本指导思想，其含义可以归结为四个方面：一是人是自然界运动变化的产物；二是自然界是人类赖以生存的基本条件；三是人体与自然界有着共同规律；四是人体生理机制与病理过程受自然界的影响，所以中医药学与整体医学是相通的。整体医学的崛起给中医药学国际化带来了机遇，整体医学与中医药学74美国整体医学主要表现替代疗法的常用的十六种方法中，有5种属中医药学范畴，日本整体医学界也十分重视中医学的各种疗法。中医、中药、针灸、气功、推拿被广泛应用于倡导整体医学的医院、诊疗所、疗养院中，所以整体医学的崛起将给中医药学的国际化带来机遇。美国整体医学主要表现替代疗法的常用75整体医学发展趋势我国原有的卫生服务体系采用各种卫生服务相互独立、各自为政、垂直管理的模式，分别由相应的部门来管理，由专门的机构来实施，由不同的专业人员来提供，相互之间缺乏协调和合作，难以实现横向整合，这种模式不能适应社会发展的需要。医疗服务是一种整体性服务，特别需要对卫生服务进行横向整合，加强各部门、系统和人员之间的协调和合作，只有这样才能充分满足社会对卫生服务的要求，才能使有限的卫生资源产生最佳的效率和效益。整体医学发展趋势76随着整体医学在国内外的不断发展，一个整体医学理论体系即将建立，医学研究的对象更为明确，医学的最终目的将是鉴别疾病、治愈疾病、控制症状、预防疾病、帮助患者适应症状和环境，尽可能恢复功能，满足患者的需要，改善个人的生活质量，进而改善全体人民的生活质量。整体医学与中医药学的关系密切，整体医学的崛起将给中医药学的国际化带来机遇。现在应解放思想，实事求是，大胆开拓，使中医药学进一步走向世界。随着整体医学在国内外的不断发展，一个整体医学理77GroupdiscussionWhatdoyouknowabout:1.

holism2.holisticmedicine3.holistichealthGroupdiscussionWhatdoyoukn78Holism(fromholos,aGreekwordmeaningall,entire,total)istheideathatallthepropertiesofagivensystem(biological,chemical,social,economic,mental,linguistic,etc.)cannotbedeterminedorexplainedbythesumofitscomponentpartsalone.Instead,thesystemasawholedeterminesinanimportantwayhowthepartsbehave.Theterm‘holism’wascoinedin1926,bytheSouthAfricanstatesmanGeneralJanChristian

Smuts.IntroductionHolism(fromholos,aGreekwo79holistic

adj.

describinganapproachtopatientcareinwhichthephysical,mental,andsocialfactorsinthepatient’sconditionaretakenintoaccount,ratherthanjustthediagnoseddisease.Thetermisappliedtoarangeoforthodoxandunorthodoxmethodsoftreatments.

机能整体性的

描述照料病人的一种思路：应考虑病人的身体、精神、以及社会等各方面因素，而不是仅仅考虑经诊断的疾病。此术语适用于一系列正统的和非正统的治疗方法。holisticadj.

describingana80UnderstandingtheTextPartIIntroduction(para.1-3)1.DefinitionofholisticmedicinegivenbyCanadianHolisticMedicalAssociation(para.1-2)

AmericanHolisticMedicalAssociation(AHMA)(Foundedin1978)/BritishHolisticMedicalAssociation(BHMA)(Formedin1983)/new_site/about.php

UnderstandingtheTextPartII81optimal----adj.thebestormostfavorableordesirablee.g.Anoptimalenvironmentforhealingwellbeing/wellness----n.healthalternate/alternativeDifficultPointsoptimal----adj.thebestorm82AlternativeMedicine----替代医学awiderangeoftreatmentsformedicalconditionsthatpeopleuseinsteadoforwithwesternmedicine.Itisoftenusedbythegeneralpublicandsomehealthcarepractitionerstorefertomedicaltechniqueswhicharenotknownoracceptedbythemajority"conventional"medicalpractitioners.Suchtechniquescouldincludenon-invasive,non-pharmaceuticaltechniquessuchasMedicalHerbalism,Acupunture,hypnotherapy,naturopathy

andmanyothers.However,thistermcanalsorefertoanyexperimentaldrugornon-drugtechniquethatisnotcurrentlyacceptedby"conventional"medicalpractitioners.AlternativeMedicine----替代医学832.Holistichealth/holistichealing(para.3)Questions:Whatisholistichealth?Whatisthegoalofholistichealing?Holistichealthisaphilosophyofmedicalcarethat

viewsphysicalandmentalaspectsoflifeasclosely

interconnectedandequallyimportantapproachesto

treatment.Holistichealthisnotitselfamethodoftreatment,butisanapproachtohowtreatmentshouldbeapplied.2.Holistichealth/holistiche84DifficultPointstakesabroaderspectrumofmind,body,andspirit(para.3)spectrum----range,field,scope领域,范围;谱;系e.g.

broad-spectrumantibiotic广谱抗生素healer(para.3)---apersonskilledinaparticulartypeoftherapy(Synonym:therapist)DifficultPointstakesabroade85PartIIOverview(para.4-5)Questions:1.Whatarethehealthylifestylehabitspromotedbyhealthprofessionals?2.Whatdoesaholisticapproachgenerallymeaninmainstreammedicine?PartIIOverview(para.4-5)Que86Mainstreammedicine/careComplementarytherapy/medicinePreventivecare/publichealthHealthprofessionals/providersAmoreinclusiveapproachtoaperson’shealthDifficultPointsMainstreammedicine/careDiffic87Mainstream/Conventionalmedicine

e.g.chemotherapy

surgery

radiationtherapy

hormonetherapy

Mainstream/Conventionalmedici88ComplementaryMedicine补充医学Anon-mainstreamhealthcareprovidedinadditionorinsteadofstandardmedicalpractice.Itisoftenusedby"conventional"medicalpractitionerstorefertonon-invasive,non-pharmaceuticaltechniquesusedasacomplementto"conventional"medicaltreatmentssuchasdrugsandsurgery.Thetermimpliesthat"conventional"medicineisusedasaprimarytoolandthenon-invasive,non-pharmaceuticaltechniquesareusedasasupplementwhenneeded.

ComplementaryMedicine补充医学An89Preventivecare

isasetofmeasurestakeninadvanceofsymptomstopreventillnessorinjury.Thistypeofcareisbestexemplifiedbyroutinephysicalexaminationsandimmunizations.Theemphasisisonpreventingillnessesbeforetheyoccur.(compare:Publichealth)Preventivecareisasetofme90healthcareprovider/healthprofessional

----Ahealthcareproviderorhealthprofessionalisanorganizationorpersonwhodeliversproperhealthcareinasystematicwayprofessionallytoanyindividualinneedofhealthcareservices.

Healthcareprofessionalsincludephysicians,physicianassistants,supportstaff,nurses,pharmacists,therapists,psychologists,veterinarians(兽医),dentists,optometrists(配镜师),andawidevarietyofotherindividualsregulatedand/orlicensedtoprovidesometypeofhealthcare.healthcareprovider/health91Amoreinclusiveapproachtoaperson’shealth

(para.5)inclusive

adj.----1)coveringawidescope;involvingmuchoreverything;2)all-around,general,comprehensive,e.g.gender-inclusive不分性别的all-inclusive包罗万象的Amoreinclusiveapproachtoa92PartIIIPromotionofUse(para.6-7)Questions:1.Whatarethecomplementarytherapiesmentionedinpara.6?2.Whatarethedifferentkindsofcancerclaimedtobecuredbyholisticmethodsinpara.7?PartIIIPromotionofUse(pa93DifficultPointsanecdotal(para.7)---informal

(unscientific）ArttherapyHypnosisImageryMeditationPsychotherapySpiritualityandprayeryogaDifficultPointsanecdotal(pa94ArtTherapy艺术疗法

Othercommonnames:creativeartstherapy,

expressiveartstherapy

Arttherapyisusedtohelppeoplemanagephysicalandemotionalproblemsbyusingcreativeactivitiestoexpressemotions.Itprovidesawayforpeopletocometotermswithemotionalconflicts,increaseself-awareness,andexpressunspokenandoftenunconsciousconcernsabouttheirillnessandtheirlives."Expressiveartstherapy"or"creativeartstherapy"mayalsoincludedanceandmovement,drama,poetry,phototherapyandothers,aswellasthemoretraditionalartmethods.ArtTherapy艺术疗法

Othercommon95Hypnosis催眠疗法

Othercommonnames:Hypnotherapy,Hypnotic

Suggestion,Self-Hypnosis

Hypnosisisastateofrestfulalertnessduringwhich

apersonusesdeeplyfocusedconcentration.Thepersoncanberelativelyunawareof,butnotcompletelyblindto,herorhissurroundings,andmaybemoreopentosuggestion.Itisconsideredtobeatypeofcomplementarytherapy.Hypnosis催眠疗法

Othercommonnam96Imagery想象(疗法)

Othercommonnames:GuidedImagery,

Visualization

Imageryinvolvesmentalexercisesdesignedtoallowthemindtoinfluencethe