2022高三英语一模-黄浦区解析

2022黄浦区高三一模英语试卷（考试时间120分钟，满分140分。请将答案填写在答题纸上）ListeningComprehensionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Husbandandwife.B.Bossandassistant.C.Nurseandpatient.D.Managerandcustomer.2.A.Atapostoffice.B.Ataflowershop.C.Atadepartmentstore.D.Atabusstation.3.A.Heisunemployedatpresent. B.Heownsacompanynow.C.Hestillworksintheagency. D.Heisunabletosupporthisfamily.4.A.At10:00. B.At10:20. A.Satisfied. B.Relieved. C.Surprised. D.Excited.A.Thewomandidn’tpostanypostcardfromEgypt. B.Themanhasnevercollectedanypostcards.C.ThewomanwillgotoEgyptforherholiday. D.Themanbeginstotakeupcollectingpostcards.A.Shecan’taffordthatmuchforatrip.Sheisfortunatetohavemadealotofmoney.Shedoesn’tthink5,000dollarsisenoughforthetrip.Sheconsiders5,000dollarsonlyasmallsumofmoney.A.Hewantstobuythenewcar. B.Hethinkshissignatureisnecessary.C.Hehasalreadysignedacontract. D.Hedoesn’talwayssaywhathemeans.A.Themanhadpoorimaginationbecauseofthecaraccident.Themanmusthaveadvisedthewomantoweartheseatbelt.Thewomanwaslikelytohavegotseriouslyinjuredinthecaraccident.Thewomanwasn’twearingtheseatbeltwhentheaccidenthappened.A.Violencesportsarethesourceofsocialinstability.Violencesportsaretoblameforcrimeandschoolbullying.Violencesportsserveasanescapefornegativeemotions.Violencesportswon’tattractmanypeople’sinterestinthelongrun.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassageandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassageandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Toexplainanewrequirementforgraduation.Tointereststudentsinacommunityserviceproject.Todiscusstheproblemsofelementaryschoolstudents.Toinvolveelementaryschoolteachersinaspecialprogram.A.Providingjobsforgraduatingstudents.Helpingeducationmajorsprepareforfinalexams.Offeringtutorialstoelementaryschoolstudents.Fundingforacommunityserviceproject.A.Heteachespart-timeinalocalelementaryschool.Heobserveselementaryschoolstudentsintheclassroom.Hehelpsstudentswhoneedconsultpreparetheirrésumé.Hegivessupporttostudentswhoparticipateinaspecialprogram.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Theywanttoeatinafashionablewaylikeyoungpeople.Theyprefertoeatfoodthatistastierandmorewidelyaccepted.Theybecomeawareoftheharmprocessedfoodsdotohealth.Theytrytochangetheirwayofprocessingfoodslittlebylittle.A.Theycontainnottoomanychemicaladditives.Theyarecultivatedinthesoilrichinorganicmatters.Theyproduceasmanycaloriesasprocessedfoods.Theyareusuallygrownincommercialfarmingareas.A.Theyareallowedtomoveaboutandeatfreely.Theyaretastythoughkeptinthecrowdedbuilding.Theycanhardlygrowinahealthywaywithoutgoodfood.Theyproduceeggswhichusuallycontainimportantvitamins.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Itwasonacrossstreet. B.Theyhadnotimetoseeit.C.Ithadnoparkingspace. D.Theyweren’tinfavorofit.A.Itistoosmallinsize. B.Itblockstheair-conditioner.C.Itadmitsheatfromthelateafternoonsun. D.Itstopsthesunbeatingdownonthecurtains.A.Parkinganddeskspace.Parkingandair-conditioning.Privacyandcleanliness.Acheerfulkitchenandaseparatediningarea.A.Theoneon68thStreet. B.Theoneon72ndStreet.C.Theoneon88thStreet. D.Theoneon80thStreet.ADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Dream?Youcan’tseeyoursleepingpet’sbrainwaves,butitsbehaviorcantellyouwhenFidoorFluffymightbedreaming.Ifyouwatchclosely,you’llseethatasyourcatfallsasleep,herbreathingbecomesslowandregularandherbodystill.Shehasenteredthefirststageofsleep,(21) (call)slow-wavesleep.Afterabout15minutesyou’llnoticeachange(22) hereyesmoveunderherclosedlids.FluffyhasenteredtheREM(RapidEyeMovement),ordreaming,stageofsleep.Althoughshemovesandmakeslittlegruntingnoises,messagesfromherbraintothelargemusclesinherlegs(23) (block),soshecan’trunabout.Backin1963,MichelJouvet,aFrenchscientistwhowasstudyingsleepincats,(24) (interrupt)theirsleepparalysis,thestateofbeingunabletoactorfunctionproperly.(25) theywerecompletelyasleep,thedreamingcatsbegantochaseballsthatJouvetcouldn’tseeandbenttheirbacksatinvisibleenemies.Hefigureshewaswatchingthemactouttheirdreams!Whatweretheydreamingabout?Mostly,thedreamingcatsseemed(26) (practise)importantcatskills:stalking,pouncing,andfighting.In(27) study,MattWilson,aneuroscientist,recordedratsbrainwaveswhiletheylearnedmazes(迷宫).Oneday,heleftthebrain-wave-recordingmachineonwhiletheratsfellasleep.ThepatternofbrainwavesinthesleepingratsmatchedthepatternfromthemazesocloselythatWilsoncouldlocateexactlywhichpartofthemazeeachratwasdreamingabout!Manyresearchersnowthinkthatinbothpeopleandanimals,onepurposeofdreamsistopractiseimportantskillsandnaildownrecentlearning.Thismayexplainwhysomanypeopledreamaboutfightingandescaping,skills(28) wereprobablyvitallyimportanttoourancestors,andwhydreamingaffectsourabilitytolearn.Doallanimalsdream?Fromlookingatthebrainwavesofsleepinganimals,scientiststhinkthatallmammalsdream,suchashumans,dogs,lions,andwhales,butfish(29) not.(They’renotsureaboutbirds.)Howoftenanimalsdreamseemstobetiedtobodysize.Catsdreamaboutevery15minutes,miceevery9minutes,andAndthoughcowsandhorsesusuallysleepstandingup,theyonlydreamwhen(30) down.难度等级★★★☆☆21.非谓语过去分词thefirststageofsleepcall之间是被动关系，故用过去分词，所called，句意为：她已经进入了第一阶段的睡眠，被叫做慢波睡眠。22.考察同位语从句“hereyesmoveunderherclosedlid”是完整的句子，且解释说明了“change的具体内容，所以是同位语从句。23.考察谓语动词被动语态，主句缺谓语messageblock之间是被动关系，时脑到腿部肌肉的信息都是被阻隔的，所以她不能到处跑。24.考察谓语动词过去时态，根据时间状语Backin1963，此处应该用一般过去时，所以填interrupted。25.考察状语从句连接词，根据上下文，此处应该表明让步的含义，句意为：即使它们完全睡Jouvet看不见的球，并向看不见的敌人弯腰。26.考察非谓语不定式。seemtodo为固定搭配，且根据上文“Whatweretheydreamingabout?”可seemtobepractising。27.考察不定代词，本篇文章第一个研究为第二段描述的MichelJouvet的研究，此处是另一个研究，所以填another，表明另一个。28.skills，从句中缺主语which/that。29.考察情态动词/助动词，此处可以表明“可能”，所以填may；也可以表明陈述性的否定，所以填do。30.lie的they”lie之间是主动关系，所lying，句意：虽然奶牛和马通常站着睡觉，但是他们只会在躺倒的时候做梦。词语积累thefirststageofsleep第一阶段睡眠interruptv打断，打岔；重点；阻碍functionproperly正常发挥功能invisibleenemies看不见的敌人patternn.模式，放视；范例；图案ancestorn.祖先SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.cultivateB.reassuringC.opposingD.objectiveE.confidenceF.evidenceG.perceivedH.functioningI.estimateJ.existingK.scientismWhyDoubtIsEssentialToScienceTheconfidencepeopleplaceinscienceisfrequentlybasednotonwhatitreallyis,butonwhatpeoplewouldlikeittobe.WhenIaskedstudentsatthebeginningoftheyearhowtheywoulddefinescience,manyofthemrepliedthatitisa(n)(31) providecertainties.Forexample,amajorityofbeliefs.Tothequestion“Whensciencedisagreeswiththeteachingsofyourreligion,whichonedoyoubelieve?”58percentofNorthAmericansfavorreligion;33percentscience;and6percentsay“itdepends”.Butdoubtinscienceisafeature,notabug.Indeed,science,whenproperly(33) ,questionsacceptedfactsandleadstobothnewknowledgeandnewquestions—notcertainty.Doubtdoesnot(34) trust,nordoesithelppublicunderstanding.Sowhyshouldpeopletrustaprocessthatseemstorequireatroublesomestateofuncertaintywithoutalwaysprovidingsolidsolutions?Asahistorianofscience,Iwouldarguethatit’stheresponsibilityofscientistsandhistoriansofsciencetoshowthatthepowerofscienceliespreciselyinwhatisoften(35) itsdrivetoquestionandchallengeapossibleexplanation.Indeed,thescientificapproachrequireschangingourunderstandingofthenaturalworldwhenevernew(36) emergesfromeitherexperimentationorobservation.Scientificfindingsarehypothesesthatcontainthestateofknowledgeatagivenmoment.Inthelongrun,manyofarechallengedandevenoverturned.Doubtmightbetroubling,butitstimulatesustowardsabetterunderstanding;certainties,as(37) astheymayseem,infactblockthescientificprocess.Scientistsunderstandthis,butinthe(38) forcebetweenthepublicandscience,therearetwosignificanttraps.Oneisaformofblind(39) inthecapacityofsciencetosolveallproblems.Andtheotherisaformofrelativismborneoutofalackof(40) intheveryexistenceoftruth.★★★★☆31.D.objective客观的从后文的转折和例子，可知此句理解为“当我问学生们如何定义科学时，他们中的许多人回答说，科学是发现世界确定性的客观objective。32.J.existing现行的此例证为了说明“科学不能提供确定性”。从后文的数据也可知“大多数美国人相信科学，只要它不挑战他们现有的信仰”。故而existing。33.H.functioning正常运转，起作用从上一句可知,科学的质疑是一种特征,科学在正常运转时，会质疑公认的事实，并导致新知识和新问题，而不是确定性。故而选functioning作状语。34.A.cultivate培养从后文的疑问“为什么人们要相信这样一个似乎需要令人烦恼的不确定状态，却不总能提供可靠解决方案的过程呢？”可知怀疑培养cultivate。35.G.perceived认为根据句意：科学的真正力量恰恰在于人们通常认为它的弱点：它perceived。36.Fevidence证据根据句意：无论任何时候实验或观察中出现新的证据，科学方法evidence。37.B.reassuring令人放心的从前文“怀疑可能会令人不安，但它会促使我们更好地理解”,可知“确定性，尽管看起来很令人放心，但实际上阻碍了科学过reassuring。38.C.opposing对立的从后文的“存在着两个重要的陷阱”，可知“公众和科学之间是存在对立的力量的”故而选择形容词opposing。39.K.scientism科学至上主义从后文“相信科学有能力解决所有问题”，可知“是一种盲目的科scientism。40.E.confidence信心从上一句的科学至上主义可知，这个与之对立的“相对主义”应该是“被证实对真理的存在缺乏信心”词语积累n.hypotheses[pl]atagivenmoment在某一时刻inthelongrun从长远来看blockthescientificprocess阻碍科学进程thecapacityofsciencetosolveallproblems.科学解决所有问题的能力beborneout被证实ReadingComprehensionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thiseraof“Industry4.0”isbeingdrivenbythesametechnologicaladvancesthatenablethecapabilitiesofthesmartphonesinourpockets.Itisamixoflow-costandhigh-powercomputers,high-speedcommunicationandartificialintelligence.Thiswillproducesmarterrobotswithbettersensingandcommunicationabilitiesthatcan differenttasks,andevenadjusttheirworktomeetdemandwithouttheinputofhumans.Inthemanufacturingindustry,whererobotshavearguablymadethemostheadwayofanydivision,thiswillmeana(n) shiftfromcentralizedtodecentralizedcooperativeproduction.(43) robotsfocusedonsingle,fixed,high-speedoperationsandrequiredahighlyskilledhumanworkforcetooperateandmaintainthem.Industry4.0machinesareflexible,cooperativeandcanoperatemoreindependently,which(44) removestheneedforahighlyskilledworkforce.Forlarge-scalemanufacturers,Industry4.0meanstheirrobotswillbeabletosensetheirenvironmentandcommunicateinanindustrialnetworkthatcanberunand(45) remotely.Eachmachinewillproducelargeamountsofdatathatcanbe(46) studiedusingwhatisknownas“bigdata”analysis.Thiswillhelp waystoimproveoperatingperformanceandproductionqualityacrossthewholeplant,forexamplebybetterpredictingwhenrepairingisneededandautomatically(48) it.For(49) manufacturingbusinesses,Industry4.0willmakeitcheaperandeasiertouserobots.Itwillcreatemachinesthatcanberearrangedtoperform(50) jobsandadjustedtoworkonamorediverseproductrangeanddifferentproductionvolumes.Thispartisalreadybeginningtobenefitfromrobotsdesignedtocooperatewithhumanworkersandanalysetheirownworktolookfor(51) .Whilethesemachinesaregettingsmarter,theyarestillnotassmartasus.Today’sindustrialartificialintelligenceoperatesata(52) level,whichgivestheappearanceofhumanintelligenceexhibitedbymachines,butdesignedbyhumans.What’scomingnextisknownas“deeplearning”.Similartobigdataanalysis,itinvolvesprocessinglargequantitiesofdatainrealtimeto(53) whatisthebestactiontotake.The(54) isthatthemachinelearnsfromthedatasoitdecisionmaking.Aperfectexampleofdeeplearningwas(55) software,whichtaughtitselftobeattheworld’sgreatestGoplayers.41.A.comparewithB.adapttoC.pickoutD.holdon42.A.extensiveB.accidentalC.convenientD.dramaticB.RemovableC.FashionableD.Potential44.A.temporarilyB.thoroughlyC.eventuallyD.initially45.A.arrangedB.evaluatedC.monitoredD.composed46.A.graduallyB.collectivelyC.similarlyD.approximately47.A.identifyB.reserveC.exploitD.indicate48.A.dominatingB.imposingC.eliminatingD.scheduling49.A.high-speedB.mass-producedC.small-to-mediumD.multi-cultural50.A.multipleB.feasibleC.profitableD.independent51.A.promotionsB.improvementsC.highlightsD.resolutions52.A.separateB.peculiarC.narrowD.mysterious53.A.comeupwithB.accountforC.givewaytoD.makedecisionsabout54.A.differenceB.commissionC.phenomenonD.expectationA.introduced B.described C.prepared D.demonstrated难度等级★★★★☆41.B.后半句指明“甚至不需要人为输入就能根据需求调节自身的工作robots适应不同的任务。42.程度dramatically，要注意这extensively,A表达的是转变的范围比较广。43.A.从前文的转变4.0时代技术的特点是灵活、独立运作可知固定的操作模式和需要熟练工人操作是传统技术的特点。44.4.0machine4.0eventually，表达技术过程。45.networkrun（运营）放在了空格前面，说明空格是network有关的、runmonitor，监管。46.B.大数据分析帮助整个工厂提高了机器的操作表现以及产品质量，可知是对每台机器上收集的数据进行了集体分析。47.A根据后文例子可知，大数据分析帮助辨别了提高机器的操作表现以及产品质量的方法。48.scheduling.49.Industry4.0对大规模生产的影响，本段相应的应该是对中小规模生产的影响。50.workonamorediverseproductrangeanddifferentproductionvolumes4.0时代的机器人可以完成多种类的工作。51.B.这一部分受益于设计用于与人工合作并分析自身工作以寻求改进的机器人。这里要注技术的不断进步resolution。52.C.从定语从句可知，工业人工智能的运用水平展现出了一种人类设计而由机器人呈现人类，说明工业人工智能的智能操作水平还不算很高。53.largequantitiesofdatawhatisthebesttotakeaction可知需要填做处理信息后的后续动作—做决定。54.A.此处说的是未来工业领域的技术和工业4.0时代的差异，机器可以自主地通过数据学difference。55.AlphaGo展示demonstrated。词语积累drivev驱使arguablyadv可能，按理plantn.工厂comeupwith提出accountfor占比；是…的原因ashiftfromto…从…到…的转变givewayto让位于，屈服large-scalemanufacture/massproduction大规模生产adjustto调节，调整以适应lookforsth期待realtime实时的takeaction采取措施SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Forthousandsofyears,themostimportanttwobuildingsinanyBritishvillagehavebeenthechurchandthepub.Infact,untilaplacehasachurchandapub,itisnotreallyconsideredacommunityworthyofaname.Traditionally,thechurchandthepubareattheheartofanyvillageortown,sinceitiswherethepeoplegathertosocializeandexchangenews.TheyareAfterall,theword‘pub’isactuallyshortfor‘publichouse’.Asaresult,Britishpubsareoftenoldandwellpreserved.Manyofthemhavebecomehistoricsitesthattouristsvisit.OneofthemostfamousexamplesisthepubinthecityofNottinghamcalled‘YeOldeTriptoJerusalem’,whichdatesbacktotheyearAD1189andisprobablytheoldestpubinEngland.ItwasthesameyearinwhichKingRichardtheFirstcameintopower,wholedtheFirstCrusadeintotheHolyLand,towardsJerusalem.referringtogovernors,suchasTheKing’sHeadorTheQueenVictoria,butofcoursethisdoesn’tmeantheyareonlyforkingsandqueens.Pubshavealwayswelcomedpeoplefromallclassesandpartsofsociety.Onacoldnight,thepub’slandlordorlandladycanalwaysfindawarmplaceforyoubythefire.Thereisalwayshonestandheartyfoodandplentyofdrinkavailableatanaffordableprice.That’showitusedtobe,butthereareworryingsignsthatthingsarebeginningtochange.Economicdownturns,governmentalfinancialmeasures,andculturalchangesarecausingmanypubstogooutofbusiness.Peopledonothavealotofsparemoneytospendonbeer.Ontopofthat,in2007smokingwasbannedinallpublicindoorspaces,includingpubs,whichmayalsohaveaffectedthenumbersofcustomersgoingtopubssincethen.Thisdeclineishappeningdespitethefactthatpubsarenowallowedbylawtostayopenafter11pm.Previously,with11pmasclosingtime,customerswouldhavetodrinkquitequickly,meaningtheysometimesgotmoredrunkthantheywouldifallowedtodrinkslowly.ThisBritishhabitofdrinkingisknownas‘bingedrinking’,anditcauseslong-termhealthproblemsforindividualsandproblemswithviolentcrimeforcommunities.TheUKgovernmentistryingtofindwaysofdiscouragingbingedrinking,andregularlyspendsmoneyontelevisioncommercialstowarnpeopleoftheproblemsofdrinkingtoomuch.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Britishpubsarepreservedwellmainlytoattracttouristsfromalloftheworld.Britishpubsarequitepopularandaccessibletopeoplefromallwalksoflife.MostBritishpubsaregoingoutofbusinessbecauseofeconomicandculturalbans.MostBritishpubshavetoshutdowntoadjustthemselvestomeetthesmokingban.WhydidtheUKgovernmentallowpubstostayopenafter11pm?Tostimulatecustomerstospendmoreondrinks.TohelpBritishpubssurviveeconomicdownturns.Toencouragemoresensiblewaysofdrinkinginpubs.TogetridofviolentcrimeinmostpartofBritain.Theterm“bingedrinking”inparagraph5wouldbemostlikelytodescribe .drinkingtoomuchandtooquickly B.socialproblemsrelatedtoBritishpubsC.anewlong-termdrinkingapproach D.problemscausedbydrinkingtoomuchWhatwillmostprobablybecoveredintheparagraphthatfollowsthelastinthepassage?Differentmethodstowelcomenewcustomerstopubs.Variousadvertisementsencouragingpeopletoquitdrinking.Thecampaignsandstrategiestosupportthetraditionalpubs.Trendsofmigratingbackfromthemodernwinebarstooldones.(B)TheComingSeries–TheArtofCartooningTime:Thursday,January6,18:30BreakingBarriers:Wednesday,January12,18:30Welcometothefirsteventinournewseries,ExpressYourself!Wewillexploremanyformsofpersonalself-expressionanddiscusshowandwhypeoplecreatethingsandhavehobbies.JoinWilliamDenham,anAmericandiplomatstationedinShanghai.Outsideoftheoffice,Will’smainartistichobbyisdrawingcartoons.Hewilldiscusshishobby,whatitmeanstohim,andhelptakeowncartooningjourney.Thisentertainingandinteractiveeventisopentoall–includingthosewithnodrawingorcartooningexperience.Besuretobringyourfavoritepenorpencil,anotepadorsketchpad,andacreativeattitude.Joinustowatchanddiscusstheaward-winningdocumentary,Willie,inspiredbythestoryofWillie O’Ree who,in1958,becamethefirstblackplayerintheNationalHockeyLeague(NHL).Willietellsthestoryofanextraordinarylifeandtriumphoveradversity.Italsoexamineslargerissuessuchasrace,equality,inclusion,community,andsoon. Throughgoalsetting,hardwork,andperseverance,Willieovercamemanybarriersandpavedthepathfortalentedhockeyplayers,regardlessofrace,toplayatthehighestlevel.Pleaseregistertolearnaboutthisgroundbreakingsportsfigure.AmericanShortFiction:Time:Tuesday,February15,18:30Quicktoreadandeasilyshared,theshortstoryissaidtobetheliteratureofourtimes.WeinviteyouonajourneytogettoknowsomeofthebestshortstoriesinAmericanliterature.TheYellowWallpaper,byAmericanauthorCharlottePerkins(Stetson)Gilman,wasfirstpublishedin1892butpersistsinAmericancultureasaliterarytouchstone.Whileitisahorrorstoryonitssurface,acarefulreadingrevealsdeeperthemesofgenderequalityandtheimportanceofself-expression.Andinthistimeofglobalsituation,itreemergesasastudyontheeffectsofisolation.JoinAmericandiplomatPeterFasnachttodiscussthesethemesandtheirconnectionstoAmericansociety.Pleasereadthestoryaheadofthetalk.Youcanfindthestoryhere.*Onlineregistrationiscappedat40foreachevent.RSVP：*ThediscussionwillbeconductedinEnglish.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaboutthefirstevent?WilliamDenhamwillsharehisartistichobbywiththeparticipants.Theparticipantswillexplorevariousformsofpersonalself-expression.Drawingorcartooningexperienceisn’tamustfortheparticipants.Theparticipantswillbeprovidedwithessentialdrawingtools.Whatcanweinferfromthecomingseries?ThestoryofWillie O’Reeisneitherinspiringnorentertaining.storyrevealingglobalemergency.Thosewhohaven’tregisteredonlinearealsowelcometotheevents.ApplicantshadbetterhaveagoodcommandofEnglish.Whichofthefollowingisthemostpossiblethemeoftheseriesintroducedinthepassage?Artsandliterature B.BooksandfilmsC.Entertainmentandinteraction D.Heroesandachievements(C)ofaging’scruelestblows?Notreally.familypractice,age30,andSchmittamedicalstudent,26.Theyhavebeenassignedroles,agesandparticularillnessesasaninnovativepartoftheirmedicaltraining.Introducedinonlyafewmedicalcenterssofar,suchroleplayingisdesignedtoexposedoctorstothepainsenduredbythepatients.Itisjustoneofseveraltechniquesbeingtriedatmedicalschoolsandhospitalsinanattempttodealwiththemostuniversalcomplaintaboutdoctors:lackofsympathy.“Residentsareusuallyyoungandhealthy,”saysDr.StephenBrunton.“They’venotreallyhadachancetounderstandwhatpatientsgothrough.”Role-playingprogramsgivethemacrashcourse.AtHunterdon,students’facesareinstantlyagedwithcornflourandmakeup.Nextthedisabilitiesarelaidon:glovescripplefingers,andpeasinsideshoespreventwalking.Thentheersatzinvalidsareaskedtoperformcommontasks:purchasingmedicationatthedrugstore,undressingforXrays,fillingoutaMedicareformand,mostawkward,usingthebathroomthemselves.made-upillnessesandcheckintothehospitalforanovernightstay.Thestafftreatsthemastheywouldanyotherpatient,evensendingthemabill.TheentireenteringclassofmedicalstudentsattheUniformedServicesUniversityoftheHealthSciencesareissuedbedpansandtoldtousethem.Someareevensubjectedtoanindignity:spendingmostpartofthefirstdayofschoolaspeoplewithdisabilities.Instantpatientsusuallystartoutactivatedandjoking.“Butbytheendofafewhours,mostsay,‘I’mexhausted.’”nurseLindaBryantatHunterdon.Schmittdiscoveredthat“amajoraccomplishmentwasdoingupmycollar.”And,tohissurprise,“Iwounduphatingphysicianswhodidn’trealizehowmuchmedicationwouldcostandhowharditwastogoandpickitup.”Weissalsolearnt:“IrealizedhowlittleItalktopatients.Imightaskthemaboutchestpainsbutnot‘Canyougetdressed,eatO.K,takeyourmedicine?’”JeffreyOrtizthoughthewasinforaquietrestwhenhewassenttotheintensivecareunit,sufferingfrom“chestpains.”Insteadhespentasleeplessnight:“Peoplewerecomingintodolabs,themaninthenextbedwasgroaning,andtheheartmonitorwasbleeping,whichwasnoisyandscary.”Anypatientcouldhavetoldhimso,butmanyeducatorsbelievethedirectexperienceofsuchmiserieswillleaveanenduringsenseofsympathy.Doctorshavelongdefendedtakingacool,dispassionateapproachtopatientcare,arguingthatithelpspreserveobjectivejudgmentandprotectagainstburnout.Butcriticsdisagree.“Byconcentratingonsymptomsandlabdata,weignoreawealthofinformationthatcanaffectpatients’well-being,”observesDr.SimonAusterattheUniformedServicesmedicalschool.Accordingtothepassage,therole-playingprogrammeisdesigned .asaninnovativepartinthelocalcommunityaspartoftheplaytheresidentshavetowatchtohelpdoctorsunderstandthepainsenduredbythepatientstoexposestudentstoschoolfacilitiesinavividwayWhatdoesthephrase“theersatzinvalids”inparagraph3referto?Localpatientswhousuallystartoutactivatedandjoking.Studentswhomakeuptheirfacestolookaged.Doctorswhoperformcommontasksthatmaynotoccurinrealhospitals.CustomerswhopurchasemedicationsandundressforXrayswiththehelpofstudents.Theinstantpatientsmayfeelmostembarrassedwhenthey .fillinaMedicaretableareusingthewashroomontheirownareissuedbedpansandtoldtotrythemmeetwithsomeonetheyknowwellWhatcanbeconcludedaccordingtothepassage?Residentsshouldalwaystakeacoolapproachwithoutsympathytopatientcareintheirjob.Doctorsoughttobecompletelyindependentfromthesymptomsandthepreviouslabdata.influencingthepatients’healthonlybyfocusingonsymptoms.Experienceinrole-playingprogramswon’thelpthenewdoctorspreserveobjectivejudgment.难度等级★★★☆☆63.考察细节题。根据题目要求，角色扮演项目的设计意图可以在文章第二段的首句找到。正确C。64.考察词义推测。文章第三段第三行theersatzinvalidsareaskedtoperformcertaintasks”可推断ersatzinvalids是人，根据“certaintasks”后的具体内容，并结合该段前二行，theinvalids是学生B。65.考察细节题。根据题目要求，通过假扮而速成的病人，让他们最尴尬的是什么，可在第三段找到依据“mostawkward,usingthebathroomB。66.考察细节推断。文章倒数第二行“Byconcentratingonsymptomsandlabdataweignoreawealththatcanaffectpatients’well-beingC。词语积累residentdoctor住院医生assumevt.假定；承担(责任)/取得(权力)；假装bedpann.便盆besubjectedtoanindignity蒙受侮辱medicationn.药物intensivecareunit(ICU)重症监护病房defendtakingacool,dispassionateapproachtopatientcare为用冷静的方法来治疗病人而辩护burnoutn.筋疲力尽SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.SocialSocialintegrationisnodoubtacontinuouschangingprocess.Formaleducationisonecommonplatformthatbringstogetherdiversifiedgroups.Integrationalsotakesplaceinvariousartsprogrammeswhicharesupportedbylocalcommunity.Concertedeffortsaremadetoensurethereareequalopportunitiesformigrantsregardlessoftheirbackgrounds.Societiesarebetteroffiftheypromotesocialintegrationthroughcommonpracticesthatreducetension,discriminationandpoverty.Socialintegrationshouldbeguidedinreasonablestepsandstimulatedbylocalgovernments.SocialIntegration—WelcomingtheNewcomersSocialintegrationistheprocessthroughwhichminoritygroupsinteract,cometogetherorareincorporatedwithinacommunity.Increasedsocialintegrationhelpsreduceconflictandtensioninsociety,anditcanhelpthenewmigrantsfeelmoreconnectedtotheirnewcommunity.Howdodifferentgroupsremainrelativelycohesiveinsociety?Afewcountriesaroundtheworldhaveadoptedintegratedframeworksfortheireconomic,social,politicalandculturalpolicieswithregardtoacceptingthesemigrantsintothelocalsociety.(67) Thisistoallowthemtoachievetheirfullpotentialinlife.Therearestillongoingeffortstointegratedifferentculturesandraces,andthegovernmentshaveencouragedtheirimmigrantstotakeanactivepartinsocial,cultural,economicandpoliticalactivities.Integrationtakesplaceinneighbourhoods,workplaces,schoolsandpublicplaceswherepeoplefromdiversebackgroundsspendmostoftheirtime.(68) Especiallyamongtheyoungerchildren,beinginthesameclassastheirforeigncounterpartswillteachthelocalchildrenthemeaningoftoleranceandempathy.Participationinsports,communityengagementandvolunteerworkarealsootherpossiblewaysthateliminatediscriminationandotherformsofintolerance.Fromparticipatinginartsprogrammestobeingparentvolunteersinschools,theseplatformsprovideopportunitiesforpeopletointeractandworktowardsacommoncause.Sportsprogrammeshavealsobeenusedtoencouragesocialintegration.Infact,sportcanstrengthensocialnetworksandpromotenon-violenceandrespect.Intheseways,meaningfulrelationshipsamongthoseofdiffer