2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷

2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷II.GrammarandVocabulary.（15分）ToBeJoyful,ToBeYoungWhatreallyworkstomakesustainablechangesindietandlifestyle？It'sprobablynotwhatyouthink．Inthepast30yearsofconductingclinicalresearch，I（1））learn（thatrealkeysarepleasure，joyandfreedom．Joyoflivingissustainable；fearofdyingisnot．Why？Becauselifeistobeenjoyed．There'snopoint2）（abandon）somethingyouenjoyunlessyougetsomethingbackthat'sevenbetter，andquickly．Whenpeopleeatmorehealthfully，（3）（quit）smoking，andmanagestressbetter，theyfindtheyfeelsomuchbetter，soquickly．Itreconstructsthereasonformakingthesechangesfromfearofdyingtojoyofliving．Whenyouexerciseandeatright，yourbrainreceivesmorebloodflowandoxygen，so

youbecomesmarterhavemoreenergyandneedlessyoubecomesmarterhavemoreenergyandneedlesssleep．Twostudiesshowedjustwalkingforthreehoursperweekforonlythreemonthscausedsomanyneurons（神经细胞）（4）（grow）thatitactuallyincreasedthesizeofpeople'sbrains!Yourfacereceivesmorebloodflow，soyourskinglowsmoreandwrinklesless．Youlookyoungerandmoreattractive．Incontrast，anunhealthydiet，lastingemotionalstressandsmokingreducebloodflowtoyourface（5）youagemorequickly．Smokingspeedsupagingbecausenicotinecontributestoyourbloodvesselbecomingnarrower， （6）decreasesbloodflowtoyourfaceandmakesitwrinkleprematurely．ThisiswhysmokerslookyearsolderthantheyreallyareOneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatthemothers'awarenessofstresswasmore）8（importantthan（7）wasobjectivelyoccurringintheirlives．）give（aquestionnaire，thewomenwereaskedtorateonathree一pointscalehowstressedtheyfelteachday．Thewomenwhorealizedtheywereunderheavystresshadsignificantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomeres（染色体端粒）（9）whofeltmorecomparedwithrelaxed．Contrarily，someofthewomenwhofeltrelaxed（10）raisingadisabledchildhadmorenormal—appearingtelomeres第1页（共34页）Inotherwords,ifyoufeelstressed,youarestressed（15分）A.uprisingB.originalC.frequentlyD.spectacularH．capturedapproachesE．features．luxuriouslyG．FI．ranks．mattersJ．inhabitedKWelcometoWindsorCastleWindsorCastleistheoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleintheworldandtheOfficialResidenceoftheQueenofBritain．Overaperiodofnearly1000yearsithasbeen（1）continuously，andalteredandredecoratedbymonarchs（君主）oneaftertheother．Someweregreatbuilders，strengtheningtheCastleagainst（2）andrebellion；others，livinginmorepeacefultimes，createdagrandRoyalresidence．WilliamtheConquerorchose

thesitehighabovetheriverThamesandontheedgeofathesiteSaxonhuntingground．Itwasaday'smarchfromtheTowerofLondonandintendedtoguardthewestern（3）tothe（4）capital．Theouterwallsoftoday'sstructureareinthesamepositionasthoseofthecastlebuiltbyWilliamtheConquerorinthe1070s ．TheQueenusestheCastlebothasaprivatehome，wheresheusuallyspendstheweekend，andasaRoyalresidenceatwhichsheundertakescertainformalduties．WindsorCastleis（5）usedbytheQueentohostStateVisitsfromoverseasmonarchsandpresidents．EveryyeartheQueentakesupofficialMarchresidenceinWindsorCastleforamonthoverEasterMarchApril）．TheCastleishugesopeopletendtoheadforthemost（6）TheCastleishugebits theStateQueenMary'sDollstheGalleryandthedelightful，St．George'sChapel，ApartmentsHouse．Worksofart，antiquefurniture，curiositiesandimpressivearchitecturereflectthetastesofmanydifferentroyalgenerations．TheStateApartmentsare（7）decorated．formalroomsstillusedforstateandofficialfunctionsThemagnificentandbeautifulSt．George'sChapelwasstartedin1475byEdwardIVandwascompleted50yearslaterbyHenryVIII．It（8）amongthefinestexamplesoflatemedievalarchitectureintheUK

TheDrawingsGallery(9)theexhibitionTheQueenPhotographsfor6060教牡俗.TheexhibitionpresentsportraitsoftheQueen(10)inbriefmomentsonboth60第2页（共34页）officialoccasionsandatrelaxedfamilygatheringsIII.ReadingComprehension（30分）乜瑜牵？消？吠玲牵履Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviourareformed.However,itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnotorwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris（1）．interestedinthesetypesofquestions．TheySocialscientistsareofcourse（2）wanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviourThere．arenoclearanswersyet，buttwo（3）schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped．Asonemightexpect，thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother，andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween（4）ofeachtheory．Thecontroversy（争论）isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoasatureandnurture．Thosewho（5）theaturesideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesanddeterminedbybiologicalfactors．Thatourenvironmentbehaviourpatternsare（6）haslittle，ifanything， todowith ourabilities，characteristicsandbehaviouris（7）tothistheory．Takentoanextreme，thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyour（8）．，claimSupportersoftheurturetheory，or，astheyareoftencalled，（9）thatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact．Abehaviorist，B．F．Skinner，seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely（10）bytheirsurroundings．Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic．Theystatethat，likemachines，humansrespondto（11）stimuli（刺激）asthebasisoftheirbehaviour．Sociallyandpolitically，theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare（12）．IntheUS，forexample，blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests．Thisleadssomeaturesupporterstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthanwhitesare．Behaviorists，（13），saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesame(14)第3页(共34页)thatwhitesdo.Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehaviour.Asamatteroffact,itisquite(15)thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.A.sensitiveB.productiveC.competitiveD.aggressiveDB.extremelymoderately.reluctantlyscarcelyC.(2)A.D．B．reliableequalC．(3)A．distinctrelevantoperatorsB．．advocates(4)A．objectorsC．opponentsD．claim．supportC．resolveinherit(5D(largelyB．thoroughlyC．．merelycompletely6)A．DBopen．central)(7A．sensitivesubjectC．D．abilitiesBpersonalitiesCcapacities．instinctsA8)DC．environmentalists．．(9)AexpertsbehavioristsscientistsBD10()A．．restrictedoppressedCdominatedBshapedD．psychological(11)A．environmentalBbiologicalgeneticC．12)A．temporaryB．slightfatalC．reaching13)afterallC．A．D．forinstanceonthecontraryB．asawholecharacteristics．14)AD．advantages．habitsBresponsesCB．)A．necessaryimpossibleunreasonableC．likelyD．(154．（8分）I'mastudentinmyfourthyearofabiomedicalsciencedegreeatRobertGordonUniversityinAberdeen，butIalsowork38hoursaweekatSainsbury'stomakeendsmeet．Idothreenightshiftsaweek，plusovertimeifIcangetit．Mondayisthemostoccupieddayforme—Iworkfrom10pmuntil8amonSaturdayandfinishlectures，at2pm，I'mexhausted，butIknowIhavetobebackatworkby10pmSundaynights，Sundaynights，earningjustover100anight，100anight，andthenIhavetobeatmyfirstlectureat9amonMondayBythetimeIamonMondayBythetimeIIconstantlyhavetoforcemyselftostayawake，andtobealert，whateverittakes．ApacketofSkittlesandaRedBullusuallyhelps.TheworkIdoatSainsbury'sisveryphysical第4页（共34页）likestackingshelves.I'mluckybecauseI'manactivepersonandtheamountIliftatworkisnothingcomparedwiththeweightsIliftinthegym.IknowIhavethestrengthtobearit.I'moriginallyfromNigeria.IcameherewhenIwasseven,growingupinCroydon,southLondonMoneywastightMyparentsgavemesouthLondonMoneywastightMyparentsgavemeeverythingIneeded，buttherewasnomoneytospendonluxuries．Iworkedhardatschoolthoughand，withthehelpofGTScholars,IgotsomeofthebestA—levelgradesinmyclass．Unfortunately，thoughIhadappliedforsettledBritishresidentialstatuswhenveryyoung，theHomeOfficewaiteduntilIwasinsixthformtoapprovemyapplication．ThatmeantIwasn'teligibleforastudentloan．TheonlywayIcouldaffordtogotouniversitywasthatifIgotajobthatwouldpayforallmylivingcostsandmyparents，whoworkinmarket

research，paidformytuitionfees．InScotland，that'sabout7,000£ayear.Idon'thavemuchtimetosocializebecauseofmyjob．Ideally，IwouldalsoliketohavemoretimetostudysoIcanexcelatmycourse．Yes，Ihavealotonmyplate，butworkinghardisn'tnewtome．Growingup，myparentsandmymentorsinthechurchandatGTScholarscultivatedinmetheimportanceofworkinghardforwhatIwantinlife．MydreamistodoanMAinphysiotherapynextyearandthengetajobworkingfortheNHS．Butrightnow，I'mjustfocusedontryingtogetthebestgradesIcan．WheneverIfindlifehardItellmyselfthisisaboutmyfutureIdon't

findlifehardItellmyselfthisisaboutmyfutureIdon'tneedmuchbutIwouldliketoneedmuchbutIwouldliketoworrylessaboutmoneyandhavemorefreetime．ThatiswhatIlookforwardtothemost．（1）Whydoestheauthorworklonghoursandsometimesovertimeeveryweek？A．Tohelphisparentspayoffthedebts．B．Topayforhistuitionfees．C．Toprovehisabilitytoearnmoney．D．Topayforhisownlivingexpenses．（2）Theunderlinedwordeligibleinthepassagecanbereplacedby．A．responsibleB.qualifiedC.feasibleD.anxious第5页(共34页)(3)Accordingtothepassage ,whichofthefollowingwordscanNOTbeusedtodescribetheauthor?A.Sociable.B.Diligent.C.Ambitious.D.Persistent.

（4）Whichofthefollowingproverbscanbestsummarizethepassage？A．Apennysavedisapennyearned ．B．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords ．C．Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves．D．Wherethereislife，thereishope．5．（6分）ShouldYouBecomeaFullStackWebDeveloperyoutaketoyouastep一youtaketoyouastep一stackwebdeveloper？Whatcoursesshouldprepareyouforthejob？Ourcoursesbringby—steppaththatwillhelpyoubecomeaqualifiedcandidateandteachyoueverythingyouneedtoknowtosucceed．Readontodiscoverifit'stherightpathforyou：WhatisaFullStackWebDeveloper？Afullstackwebdeveloperiswellskilledinbothfrontandback一endwebdeveloping．Withknowledgeofwhatitmeanstobuildapplicationsfromstarttofinish，afullstackdevelopercanplan，manage，andbuildsoftwarewithgeneralknow—how.Acoredifferencebetweenfrontandback—enddevelopersisthatfront—enddevelopershandlebuildingtheuserinterfaceaspectofawebsite，whileback一enddevelopersdealwithinternal

taskssuchaswebserversapplicationsanddatabasestaskssuchaswebserversapplicationsanddatabasesCombined，theyareresponsibleforbuildingthetechnologyandcodingthatmakesawebsitefunctionproperly．Bothskillsetsarecrucialforbeingawell—roundedwebdeveloperandwillgiveyoualegupwhenapplyingforjobs．IfyouliketolearnnewconceptsandtechnologiesfrequentlythisisanexcellentcareerpathforyouDemandforFullStackWebDevelopersisGrowing第6页（共34页）leavingmoreBecauseofthebroadrangeofskillsrequiredtobeafullstackwebdeveloper，thereareleavingmorefewercandidatesapplyingforpositionsopportunityforqualified

candidates.Thejoboutlookforwebdevelopersisestimatedtogrow13%by2026,whichisfasterthantheaveragerateforalloccupations.Withanimpressiveresume,fullstackwebdeveloperscanmake$87,661onaverage.GetStartedTodayfullstackwebdeveloperWiththehelpofthecourse,youwilllearneverythingyouneedtoknowtosucceedasafullstackwebdeveloperYoucanstartfromanylevelwithlittletonopreviousexperiencerequiredandtrackyourprogressasyougo．Here'sWhatYou'llLearnintheCoursesBuildwebapplicationsanddeveloponboththefront-endandback—endstacksLearnRubyonRails，HTML，CSS，andJavaScriptDevelopwebapplicationsinJavascriptusingfront—endframework，Angular，andhybridmobileapplicationswithApacheCordovaDesignRESTfulRubyonRailswebapplicationswithMongoDBdatabaseintegration．（1）Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanwemostprobablyfindthispassage？A．ArtsB.Science—technologyC．Courses．D．Business．（2）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A.Frontandback—enddevelopersbothareresponsibleforsuchtasksasapplicationsanddatabases．B．Fewercandidatesapplyforthepositionofbeingwebdevelopersduetohighdemandforskills．C．Thejobprospectforwebdevelopersisn'tpromisinginthelongrun．D．Youcan'tstarttolearnthecourseofbeingafullstackwebdeveloperunlessyouhavesomeexperiencebeforehand．（3）Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage？第7页（共34页）A．Toadvertiseforfullstackwebdevelopers．B．Toinformpeopleofwhatisrequiredtobeafullstackwebdeveloper．C．Topersuadepeopletotakethecourseswhichhelptobecomeafullstackwebdeveloper．D．Tohelppeopletoexplorethefullstackwebdevelopercareerguide．on6．（8分）ThehauntingpaintingsofHeleneSchjerfbeckshowinthefinallegofatravellingontourthathasalreadyattractedthousandsofvisitorsinHamburgandtheHague，maycomeasasurprisetomany．FewoutsidetheNordic（北欧的）worldwouldrecognizetheworksofthisFinnishartistwhodiedin1946 ．Morepeopleshould．The120workshaveattheircore20self—portraits,halfthenumbershepaintedinall.Thefirst，dated1880，isofawide一eyedteenagereagertoabsorbeverythingThelastisasightingoftheartist'sghost-to-be．Prematurelygifted，Schjerfbeckwas11whensheenteredtheFinnishArtSociety's

drawingschoolTheWoundedWarriorintheSnowdrawingschoolhistorypainting，wasboughtbyaprivatecollectorandwonherastatetravelgrantwhenshewas17．SchjerfbeckstudiedinParis,wentontoPont—Aven,Brittany,whereshepaintedforayear，thentoTuscany，CornwallandStPetersburg．Duringher1887visittoStIves，Cornwall，SchjerfbeckpaintedTheConvalescent．Achildwrappedinablanketsitssupportedupinalargewicker（柳条编制的）chair，toyingwithasprig（小枝条）．Thepicturewonabronzemedalatthe1889ParisWorldFairandwasboughtbytheFinnishArtSocietyToamoderneyeit．seemsalmostsentimental（感伤的）andismadeupforonlybythesomewhatastonished，sadexpressiononthechild'sface，whichmayhavebeeninspiredbySchjerfbeck'searlyexperiences．Atfour，shefelldownaflightofstepsandneverfullyrecovered．In1890，SchjerfbecksettledinFinland．Teachingexhaustedher，shedidnotliketheworksofotherlocalpainters，andshewasfurtherisolatedwhenshetookonthecareofhermother．IfIallowmyselfthefreedomtoliveanisolatedlife，shewrote，henitisbecauseithastobethatway．In1902，Schjerfbeckandhermothersettledinthesmall，

industrialtownofHyvinkaa50kilometresnorthofHelsinki．50kilometresnorthofeffectforitwastherethatSchjerfbeckbecameamodernpainter．Sheproducedstilllivesandlandscapesbutaboveallmoodyyetsharpportraitsofhermother，localschoolgirls，womenworkersintown．第8页（共34页）Ihavealwayssearchedforthedensedepthsofthesoulwhichhavenotyetbeendiscoveredbyhumansthemselves，shewrote，whereeverythingisstillunconscious—thereonecanmakethegreatestdiscoveries．Sheexperimentedwithdifferentkindsofunderpainting,scrapedandrubbed,madebrightrosyredspots;doingwhateverhadtobedonetocapturethesubconscious—herownandthatofhermodels.In1913,Schjerfbeckwasrediscoveredbyanartdealerandjournalist,GostaStenman.Onceagainshewasasuccess.(1)Schjerfbeck'spaintingsmaycomeasasurprisetomanybecause.A．herpaintingsarerarelyknownoutsidetheNordicworldB．herpaintingshaveneverbeenonshowoutoftheNordicworldC．herpaintingshavethepowertohauntpeoplewhoeverhaveseenthemD．herpaintingsfocusonsupernaturalelementssuchasghosts（2）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A．TheConvalescentisinfactaportraitofSchjerbeckinherchildhood．B．TheConvalescentisareflectionofSchejerbeck'ssentimentalchildhood．C．TheConvalescentismadeasaresultofanaccidentinSchejerbeck'schildhood．D．TheConvalescentisfeaturedbythechild'sastonishedsorrowfulexpression．（3）Schejerbeckchosetoliveanisolatedlifemainlybecauseof．A．shewasexhaustedbyherteachingjobB．herpersonalityprefersthiskindofstyleC．shecouldnotappreciatetheworkoftheotherlocalpaintersD．hermother'shealthconditionrequiredhertoadoptsuchalifestyle．（4）WecaninferfromthepassagethatthemostoutstandingcharacteristicsofSchjerfbeck'spaintingsis.A.hervividcharacterizationofcommonpeopleB.hercaptureofthecharacters'soulC.thesorrowfulexpressionofthecharactersD.herunconscioussenseofsomemysteriouselements（8分）第9页（共34页）A.AneffectivewaythatIhavefoundtodeepenmyownpatienceistocreateactualpracticeperiods．Youaremoreeasilyannoyedandbothered．C．Itisgenerallybelievedthatthequalityofbeingpatientisverydifficulttodevelop．D．Becomingmorepatientinvolvesopeningyourhearttothepresentmoment，evenifyoudon'tlikeit．E．Withoutpatience，youwillseethesamesceneasanemergencycompletewithyelling，frustration，hurtfeelings．youaredestinedtofailinwhatyouF．Ifyoulackpatienceyouaredestinedtofailinwhatyouarepursuing．Thequalityofpatiencegoesalongwaytowardyourgoalofcreatingamorepeacefulandlovingself．Themorepatientyouare，themoreacceptingyouwillbeofwhatlifeis，ratherthaninsistingthatlife beexactlyasyouwould likeittobe．Without patience， lifeisextremelyfrustrating．（1）Patienceaddssomeeaseandacceptancetoyourlife．It'simportantforinnerpeace．（2）Ifyouarestuckinatrafficjam，lateforanappointment，beingpatientwouldmeankeepingyourselffrombuildingamentalsnowballbeforeyourthinkinggetsoutofhandandgentlyremindingyourselftorelax．Itmightalsobeagoodtimetobreatheaswellas

inthebiggeranopportunitytoremindyourselfthatschemeofthings，beinglateissmallinthebiggerstuff．Patienceisaqualityofheartthatcanbegreatlyenhancedwithdeliberatepractice．（3）TheyaretheperiodsoftimethatIsetupinmymindtopracticetheartofpatience．Lifeitselfbecomesaclassroom，andthecurriculumispatience．Youcanstartwithaslittleasfiveminutesandbuildupyourcapacityforpatienceovertime．Whatyou'lldiscoveristrulyamazing．Yourintentiontobepatient，especiallyifyouknowit'sonlyforashortwhile，immediatelystrengthensyourcapacityforpatience．Patienceisoneofthosequalitieswheresuccessfeedsonitself．Onceyoureachlittlemilestonefiveminutesofsuccessfulpatience一you'llbegintoseethatyoudoindeedhavethecapacitytobepatient，evenforlongerperiodsoftime．Overtime，youmayevenbecomeapatientperson．Beingpatientwillhelpyoutokeepyourperspective．Youwillseeevenadifficult页）10第页（共34situation,sayyourpresentchallenge,isn'tlifeordeathbutsimplyaminorobstaclethatmustbedealtwith.(4).IV.SummaryWriting．（15分）Directions：Readthefollowingpassage．Summarizethemainideaandthemainpointofthepassageinnomorethan60words．Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible．Aremarkablevarietyofinsectsliveinthisplanet．Morespeciesofinsectsexistthanallotheranimalspeciestogether．Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300millionyears，andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore．Insectscanbefoundalmosteverywhere—onthehighestmountainsandonthebottomofrushingstreams，inthecoldSouthPoleandinbubblinghotsprings．Theydigthroughtheground，jumpandsinginthetrees，andrunanddanceintheair．Theycomeinmanydifferentcoloursandvariousshapes．

Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurviving．Theiramazingabilitytoadaptpermitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironments．Theoneplacewheretheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans．Insectscansurviveonawiderangeofnaturalandartificialfoods—paint，pepper，glue，books，grain，cotton，otherinsects，plantsandanimals．Becausetheyaresmalltheycanhideintinyspaces．Also，insectshaveanenormousreproductivecapacity：AnAfricanantqueencanlayasmanyas43manyas43，000eggsadayAnotherreasonfortheirsuccessisthestrategyofprotectivecolour．Aninsectmayberightbeforeoureyes，butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguised（伪装）likeagreenleaf，lumpofbrownsoil，graylichen（青苔），aseedorsomeothernaturalobject．Someinsectsusebright，boldcolourstosendwarningsignalsthattheytastebad，stingorarepoison．Othershavewingpatternsthatlookliketheeyesofahugepredator,bitter—tastinginsects；hungryenemiesarefooledintoavoidingthem．V.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.．（5分）一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆．（remind）．（5分）每个人应当牢记：己所不欲，勿施于人．）mind（．（5分）他如此醉心于古文化研究，这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着．（So）页）第页（共 1134．（5分）不久之后，地铁 5号线奉贤段即将通车，这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民激动不已．（before）VI.GuidedWriting13．（25分）Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120—150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese．在你看过的电影、电视或书中，肯定有许多场景历历在目，请你描述令你印象深刻的一个场景，并谈谈为什么．你的文章必须包括：•描述你印象深刻的一个场景;

・说明你对此印象深刻的理由.页）12第页（共342019年上海市奉贤区高考英