专升本英语(阅读理解)模拟试卷含答案和解析

专升本英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷1

阅读理解

Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesorcentimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofamillimeter;apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallytwotofourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thus,ifyouenlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofapinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile(1.6kilometers)tall.

Evenwithanordinarymicroscope,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecanseethatsomebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy-looking\

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?(A)

A.Rod-shapedbacteriaaregenerallylargerthanroundedones.

B.Ifweenlargedarod-shapedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldstillbesmallerthanapinhead.

C.Ifoneusedamicroscopewithamagnificationof100times,hecanseethestructureofabacteriumclearly.

D.Watermoleculesmovesoquicklythatabacteriumcannotmoveinthewater.

解析：根据文中第一段“Rod—shapedbacteriaareusuallytwotofourmicronslong，whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter”，可明显得出rod-shapedbacteria比roundedbacteria要大，故A正确。

2.Accordingtothepassage,onewhoexaminesbacteriawithanordinarymicroscope,usingamagnificationof100timeswillsee______.(A)

A.tinyrods

B.stains

C.wavy-lookinghairs

D.detailedstructures

解析：根据文中第二段前两句“Usingamagnificationof100times，onefindsthatbacteriaayebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots”，故选A。

3.Theenvironmentaroundbacteriaisalwayschangingbecause______.(A)

A.moleculesaroundbacteriamoveveryfast

B.thewaterisasthickasmolasses

C.thereisalargenumberofmoleculesaroundbacteria

D.newbacteriaalwaysreplacetheoldones

解析：根据文章第三段“Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesaroundabacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones”，故选A。

4.Theauthorcompareswatertomolassesinordertoshow______.(A)

A.howdifficultitisforbacteriatomovethroughthewater

B.howdifferentthebacterialworldisfromthehumanworld

C.howthewatermoleculeswork

D.whatdifferentbacteriaoneliquidcontainsfromanother

解析：由文章第三段前三句可知作者将水比作糖浆是为了说明“水对于细菌来说就相当于糖浆对于人类一样稠，所以细菌在水中运动起来就很困难”，故选A。

5.Therelationshipbetweenabacteriumanditsflagellaismostsimilartowhichofthefollowing?(D)

A.Aflagattachedtoastick.

B.Acowboyonthecow’sback.

C.Adoorclosedbyanaughtyboy.

D.Aboatpushedbythemotor.

解析：根据文章第二段最后几句“…somebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy—looking‘hairs’calledflagella…Theflagellarotate，pushingthebacteriathroughthewater。”可知D更确切。

Thereisnodenyingthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingabouthowcomputerswork,justasweexpectthematleasttounderstandthattheinternal-combustionengine(内燃机)hassomethingtodowithburningfuel,expandinggasesandpistonsbeingdrive.Forpeopleshouldhavesomebasicideaofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydo.Further,studentsmightbehelpedbyacoursethatconsidersthecomputer'simpactonsociety.Butthatisnotwhatismeantbycomputerliteracy.Forcomputerliteracyisnotaformofliteracy(读写能力);itisatradeskillthatshouldnotbetaughtasaliberalart.

Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowtoprogramonearetwodistinctactivities.Acasemightbemadethatthecompetentcitizensoftomorrowshouldfreethemselvesfromtheirfearofcomputers.Butthisisquitedifferentfromsayingthatalloughttoknowhowtoprogramone.Leavethattopeoplewhohavechosenprogrammingasacareer,whileprogrammingcanbelotsoffun,andwhileoursocietyneedssomepeoplewhoareexpertsatit,thesameistrueofautorepairandviolin-making.

Learninghowtousecomputerisnotthatdifficult,anditgetseasierallthetimeasprogramsbecomemore\

6.Tobethecompetentcitizensoftomorrow,peopleshould_________.(C)

A.trytolayasolidfoundationincomputerscience

B.beawareofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydo

C.learntouseacomputerbyacquiringacertainsetofskills

D.understandthatprogrammingacomputerismoreessentialthanrepairingacar

解析：根据第二段Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowtoprogramonearetwodistinctactivities．Acasemightbemadethatthecompetentcitizensoftomorrowshouldfreethemselvesfromtheirfearofcomputers．可知C正确。

7.Inthesecondparagraph\(D)

A.programmingacomputerisasinterestingasmakingaviolin

B.oursocietyneedsexpertsindifferentfields

C.violin-makingrequiresasmanyskillsascomputerprogramming

D.peoplewhocanuseacomputerdon’tnecessarilyhavetoknowcomputerprogram

解析：thesameistrueofautorepairandviolin—making．在这里用autorepair和violin-making分别指代使用电脑和懂得编程的人。

8.Learningtouseacomputerisgettingeasierallthetimebecause________.(B)

A.programsarebecominglesscomplicated

B.programsaredesignedtobeconvenienttousers

C.programmingisbecomingeasierandeasier

D.programsarebecomingreadilyavailabletocomputerusers

解析：Learninghowtousecomputerisnotthatdifficult，anditgetseasierallthetimeasprogramsbecomemore“user-friendly”．此题的关键是理解“user-friendly”的意思，“对用户友好的，容易使用的”。故选B。

9.Accordingtotheauthor,thephrase\(C)

A.asetofrules

B.thefundamentalofcomputerscience

C.specificprograms

D.generalprinciplesofprogramming

解析：由文章最后一句Onecanonlyteachpeopletousethisorthatprogramandgenerallythatiseasilyaccomplished．可知选C。

10.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageis________.(B)

A.tostresstheimpactofthecomputeronsociety

B.toexplaintheconceptofcomputerliteracy

C.toillustratetherequirementforbeingcompetentcitizensoftomorrow

D.toemphasizethatcomputerprogrammingisaninterestingandchallengingjob

解析：通读全文可知，作者主要讲述的是使用计算机能力的一些内容，A、C、D所述均不正确，只有B项是作者的写作目的所在。

Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesorcentimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofamillimeter;apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallytwotofourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thus,ifyouenlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofapinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile(1.6kilometers)tall.

Evenwithanordinarymicroscope,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecanseethatsomebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy-looking\

11.Therelationshipbetweenabacteriumanditsflagellaismostsimilartowhichofthefollowing?(D)

A.Aflagattachedtoastick.

B.Acowboyonthecow’sback.

C.Adoorclosedbyanaughtyboy.

D.Aboatpushedbythemotor.

解析：根据文章第二段最后几句“…somebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy—looking‘hairs’calledflagella…Theflagellarotate，pushingthebacteriathroughthewater．”可知D更确切。

12.Theauthorcompareswatertomolassesinordertoshow________.(A)

A.howdifficultitisforbacteriatomovethroughthewater

B.howdifferentthebacterialworldisfromthehumanworld

C.howthewatermoleculeswork

D.whatdifferentbacteriaoneliquidcontainsfromanother

解析：由文章第三段前三句可知作者将水比作糖浆是为了说明“水对于细菌来说就相当于糖浆对于人类一样稠，所以细菌在水中运动起来就很困难”，故选A。

13.Theenvironmentaroundbacteriaisalwayschangingbecause________.(A)

A.moleculesaroundbacteriamoveveryfast

B.thewaterisasthickasmolasses

C.thereisalargenumberofmoleculesaroundbacteria

D.newbacteriaalwaysreplacetheoldones

解析：根据文章第三段“Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesaroundabacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones”，故选A。

14.Accordingtothepassage,onewhoexaminesbacteriawithanordinarymicroscope,usingamagnificationof100timeswillsee________.(A)

A.tinyrods

B.stains

C.wavy-lookinghairs

D.detailedstructures

解析：根据文中第二段前两句“Usingamagnificationof100times，onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots”，故选A。

15.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?(A)

A.Rod-shapedbacteriaaregenerallylargerthanroundedones.

B.Ifweenlargedarod-shapedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldstillbesmallerthanapinhead.

C.Ifoneusedamicroscopewithamagnificationof100times,hecanseethestructureofabacteriumclearly.

D.Watermoleculesmovesoquicklythatabacteriumcannotmoveinthewater.

解析：根据文中第一段“Rod—shapedbacteriaareusuallytwotofourmicronslong，whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter”，可明显得出rod—shapedbacteria比roundedbacteria要大，故A正确。

Itisveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateaboutdiversity(多样化)istakingplace.Itistakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.HereattheCollegeFund,wehavealotofcontactwithtopcorporate(公司的)leaders:noneofthemistalkingaboutgettingridofthoseinstrumentsthatproducediversity.Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesaretocompeteintheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.Theyalsosaythattheneedfortalented,skilledAmericansmeanswehavetoexpandthepoolofpotentialemployees.Andinlookingatwherebirthratearegrowingandatwherethepopulationisshifting,corporateAmericaunderstandsthatexpandingthepoolmeanspromotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities,morewomen,andmoreimmigrants.Corporateleadersknowthatifthatdoesn'toccurinoursociety,theywillnothavetheengineers,thescientists,thelawyers,orthebusinessmanagerstheywillneed.

Likewise,Idon'thearpeopleintheacademysaying,\

16.Accordingtothepassage,diversitycanbeachievedinAmericansocietyby________.(D)

A.expandingthepoolofpotentialemployees

B.promotingthepoolofpotentialemployees

C.trainingmoreengineers,scientists,lawyersandbusinessmanagers

D.providingeducationforallregardlessofraceorsex

解析：根据文章意思Americaunderstandsthatexpandingthepoolmeanspromotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities，morewomen，andmoreimmigrants．因此D为正确选项。

17.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.(A)

A.meritocracycanneverberealizedwithoutdiversity

B.Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C.ItisunlikelythatdiversitywilloccurintheU.S.media

D.minoritiescanonlyenterthefieldswherenodebateisheardaboutdiversity

解析：根据文中第二段…whichwasnevertrue——weneverhadameritocracy，althoughwe’vecomeclosertoitinthelast30years．及后面的Nowallofusfeelthewayisbetterbecauseofthediversity．可知选A。

18.Highcorporateleadersseemtobeinfavorofpromotingdiversitysoasto________.(C)

A.lowertherateofunemployment

B.Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C.becompetitiveintheworldmarket

D.satisfythedemandofagrowingpopulation

解析：根据文中第一段Infact，theysaythatiftheircompaniesaretocompeteintheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace，diversityisanimperative．可知公司要在市场上更具竞争力就要注意多样化发展，故C正确。

19.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplestilldifferintheirviewsondiversity?(B)

A.Minorities.

B.Politicians.

C.Professors.

D.Managers.

解析：根据文中前两句Itisveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateaboutdiversity(多样化)istakingplace．Itistakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles．可知对多样化的讨论多发生在政界，所以应该是政客谈论的较多。故选B。

20.Theword\(D)

A.superficial

B.remarkable

C.debatable

D.essential

解析：根据文中具体语言环境可知该词的意思为“必需的，不可缺少的”，故选D。

Honeybeescannotlivealone.Theirbodystructureandinstinctsequipthemforlifeinacolonyorcommunity,wheretheyhaveacomplexsocialorganizationandthevariousdutiesaredividedamongtheindividualsaccordingtophysicalfitnessandage.Anindividualworkerbeecannotproduceitself.Whileitmaycontinuetoliveifforciblyisolatedfromitsmates,itfailstocareforitselfadequately,andsoondies.Mostinsectshavetheabilitytohibernateinwinter,butthehoneybeeseemstohavelostthis.Sinceatlowtemperaturesthebeewilldie,itmusthavetheabilitytomakeitsownenvironment,sofarastemperatureisconcerned.Thismakesacolonyisnecessarytothebeesinwinter,sothattheymaycollectivelywarmeachother.Efficiency,ifnotnecessarily,demandsthattheworkofthecolonybedivided,andsuchadivisionoflabortendstoenhancetheneedtomaintainthecolony.Thephysicalstructureofthehoneybeeisfurthersuitedforthedefenseoftheentirecolonyratherthanforitsowndefense.Thebee'sbarbedstingisusedonlyonceandismademoreeffectivebythefactthatitisleftbehindinthevictim.Withthelossofthesting,however,thebeedies.Thiskindofdefensiveweaponisnotofservicetotheindividual,buttothecommunity.

21.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?(A)

A.TheCommunalLifeofBees

B.TheStructureoftheBee

C.TheOrganizationofInsectColonies

D.TheLifeoftheSocialInsects

解析：根据文章最后内容可知，文章阐述的是蜜蜂的群居生活。故A对。

22.Accordingtothepassage,thehoneybee’sstingisp