材料专业英语常见词汇

BurgersBurgers'vector 柏氏矢量Perpendicular 垂直于SurfaceDuctility塑性Stiffness刚度Grain晶粒Phase相Unitcell单胞Bravaislattice布拉菲点阵Stack堆垛Crystal晶体Metalliccrystalstructure金属性晶体点阵Non-directional无方向性Face-centeredcubic面心立方Body-centeredcubic体心立方Hexagonalclose-packed密排六方Copper铜Aluminum铝Chromium铬Tungsten钨CrystallographicPlane晶面Crystallographicdirection晶向Property性材料专业英语常见词汇（一Structure组织Ceramic陶瓷米勒指数点阵参数质MillerindicesLatticeparametersTetragonal四方的Hexagonal六方的Orthorhombic正交的Rhombohedra菱方的Monoclinic单斜的PrismCadmiumCoordinatesystemPointdefec点缺LatticeVacancy空位Solidification结晶Interstitial间隙Substitution置换Solidsolutionstrengthening固溶强化Diffusion扩散HomogeneousDiffusionMechanisms散机制Latticedistortion阵畸变Self-diffusion扩散Fick'sFirstLaw菲克第一定Unittime单位时间Coefficient数Concentrationgradient浓度梯度Dislocations位错Lineardefect线缺陷Screwdislocation螺型位错Edgedislocation刃型位错Vector矢量Loop环路defect defect 面缺陷Grainboundary 晶界TwinPearlite Pearlite 珠光体Ductile 可塑的boundary晶界Shearforce剪应力Deformation变形Small(orlow)angelgrainboundary小角度晶界Tiltboundary倾斜晶界Supercooled过冷的Solidification凝固Orderingprocess有序化过程Crystallinity结晶Microstructure纤维组织Term术语PhaseDiagram相图Equilibrium平衡Melt熔化Cast浇注Crystallization晶BinaryIsomorphousSystems二元匀晶相图Soluble溶解PhasePresent在相Locate确定Tieline连接线Isotherm等温线Concentration浓度Intersection交点TheLeverLaw杠杆定律BinaryEutecticSystem二元共晶相图SolvusLine溶解线Invariant恒定Isotherm恒温线CastIron铸铁FerritePolymorphictransformation多晶体转变Austenite奥氏体Revert回复Intermediatecompound中间化合物Cementite渗碳体Vertical垂线Nonmagnetic无磁性的Solubility溶解度Brittle易脆的Eutectic共晶Eutectoidinvariantpoint共析点Phasetransformation相变Allotropic同素异形体Recrystallization再结晶Metastable亚稳的Martensitictransformation马氏体转变Lamellae薄片Simultaneously同时存在Mechanically Mechanically 机械性能Hypoeutectoid 过共析的Particle颗粒Matrix基体Proeutectoid先共析Hypereutectoid亚共析的Bainite贝氏体Martensite马氏体Linearity线性的Stress-straincurve应力-应变曲线Proportionallimit比例极限Tensilestrength抗拉强度Ductility延展性Percentreductioninarea断面收缩率Hardness硬度ModulusofElasticity弹性模量Tolerance公差Rub摩擦Zinc锌Ironore铁矿Blastfurnace高炉Coke焦炭Limestone石灰石Slag熔渣Pigiron生铁Ladle钢水包Silicon硅Sulphur硫Wrought可锻的Graphite石墨Flaky片状Low-carbonsteels低碳钢Casehardening表面硬化Medium-carbonsteels中碳钢Electrode电极Asarule通常Preheating预热Quench淬火Body-centeredlattice体心晶格Carbide碳化物Hypereutectoid过共晶Wear磨损Corrosionresistance抗腐蚀性Aluminum铝Chromium铬Manganese锰Molybdenum钼Titanium钛CobaltTitaniumTungsten钨Vanadium钒Pearliticmicrostructure珠光体组织Martensiticmicrostructure马氏体组织Viscosity粘性WroughtTungsten钨Vanadium钒Pearliticmicrostructure珠光体组织Martensiticmicrostructure马氏体组织Viscosity粘性Wrought锻造的Magnesium镁Flake片状Malleable可锻的英语英语acid-baseequilibrium 酸碱平衡acid-baseindicator 酸碱指示剂acidbath酸槽Galvanization镀锌Versatile通用的Batterygrid电极板Calcium钙Tin锡Toxicity毒性Refractory耐火的Platinum铂Polymer聚合物Composite混合物Erosive腐蚀性Inert惰性Thermochemically热化学Generator发电机Flaw缺陷Variability易变的Annealing退火Tempering回火Texture织构Kinetic动力学Peculiarity特性Criticalpoint临界点Dispersity弥散程度Spontaneous自发的Inherentgrain本质晶粒Toughness韧性Rupture断裂Kineticcurveoftransformation转变动力学曲线Incubationperiod孕育期Sorbite索氏体Troostite屈氏体Disperse弥散的Granular颗粒状Metallurgical冶金学的Precipitation析出Depletion减少Quasi-eutectoid伪共析Superposition重叠Supersede代替Dilatometric膨胀Unstable不稳定Supersaturate使过饱和Tetragonality正方度Shear切变Nodular球状Spheroidal球状Superiorproperty优越性Displacement位移Irreversible不可逆的金属材料工程专业acid（Bessemer）converter酸性转炉acidbrick酸性耐火砖acidbrittleness酸洗脆性、氢脆性acidburden酸性炉料acidclay酸性粘土acidcleaning（同pickling）酸洗acidconcentration 酸浓度acidconverter酸性转炉acidconvertersteel酸性转炉钢acidcontent酸含量acidcorrosion酸腐蚀aciddeficient弱酸的、酸不足的aciddip酸浸aciddippickler（沉浸式）酸洗装置acid（dip）tank酸液（浸洗）槽aciddraintank排酸槽acidlessdescaling无酸除鳞acidmedium酸性介质acidmist酸雾acid-proofpaint耐酸涂料（漆）acid-proofsteel耐酸钢acid-resistant耐酸钢acid-resistingvessel耐酸槽acidstrength酸浓度acidsupplypump供酸泵acidwash酸洗acidvalue酸值acidwashsolution酸洗液acieration渗碳、增碳AcmpointAcm转变点（渗碳体析出温度）acornnut螺母、螺帽acousticabsorptioncoefficient声吸收系数acousticsusceptance声纳actifier再生器actionline作用线actionspot作用点activatedatom激活原子activatedbath活化槽activatedcarbon活性碳activatingtreatment活化处理activecorrosion活性腐蚀、强烈腐蚀activearea有效面积activepower有功功率、有效功率activeproduct放射性产物activeresistance有效电阻、纯电阻activerollgap轧辊的有效（或工作）开口度activestate活性状态activesurface有效（表）面activitycoefficient激活系数、活度系数actualdiameter（钢丝绳）实际直径actualefficiency实际效率actualerror实际误差actualtime实时actualworkingstress实际加工应力actuatingdevice调节装置、传动装置、起动装置actuatinglever驱动杆、起动杆actuatingmechanism动作机构、执行机构actuatingmotor驱动电动机、伺服电动机actuatingpressure作用压力actuationshaft起动轴actuator调节器、传动装置、执行机构acuteangle锐角adaptivefeedbackcontrol 自适应反馈控制adaptiveoptimization自适应最优化adaptor接头、接合器、连结装置、转接器、附件材料科学基础专业词汇:第一章晶体结构纤锌矿型结构纤锌矿型结构Wurtzitestructure 金红石型结构Rutilestructure原子质量单位Atomicmassunit(amu)原子数Atomicnumber原子量Atomicweight波尔原子模型Bohratomicmodel键能Bondingenergy库仑力Coulombicforce共价键Covalentbond分子的构型molecularconfiguration电子构型electronicconfiguration 负电的Electronegative正电的Electropositive基态Groundstate氢键Hydrogenbond离子键Ionicbond同位素Isotope金属键Metallicbond 摩尔Mole分子Molecule泡利不相容原理Pauliexclusionprinciple元素周期表Periodictable原子atom分子molecule分子量moleculeweight极性分子Polarmolecule量子数quantumnumber价电子valenceelectron范德华键vanderwaalsbond 电子轨道electronorbitals 点群pointgroup对称要素symmetryelements各向异性anisotropy原子堆积因数atomicpackingfactor(APF)体心立方结构body-centeredcubic(BCC)面心立方结构face-centeredcubic(FCC)晶体结构crystalstructure布拉格定律bragg'slaw配位数晶体结构crystalstructure晶系crystalsystem晶体的crystalline衍射diffraction中子衍射neutrondiffraction电子衍射electrondiffraction晶界晶系crystalsystem晶体的crystalline衍射diffraction中子衍射neutrondiffraction电子衍射electrondiffraction晶界grainboundary六方密堆积hexagonalclose-packed(HCP)鲍林规则Pauling'srulesNaCl型结构NaCl-typestructureCsCl型结构CaesiumChloridestructure闪锌矿型结构Blende-typestructure萤石型结构萤石型结构Fluoritestructure 钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-typestructure位错线位错线dislocationline 刃位错edgedislocation螺位错screwdislocation尖晶石型结构Spinel-typestructure 硅酸盐结构Structureofsilicates岛状结构Islandstructure 链状结构Chainstructure 层状结构Layerstructure架状结构Frameworkstructure滑石talc叶蜡石pyrophyllite高岭石kaolinite石英quartz长石feldspar美橄榄石forsterite各向同性的isotropic各向异性的anisotropy晶格lattice晶格参数latticeparameters密勒指数millerindices非结晶的noncrystalline多晶的polycrystalline多晶形polymorphism单晶singlecrystal 晶胞unitcell电位electronstates( 化合)价valence电子electrons共价键covalentbonding金属键metallicbonding 离子键Ionicbonding极性分子polarmolecules原子面密度atomicplanardensity衍射角diffractionangle合金alloy粒度,晶粒大小grainsize 显微结构microstructure显微照相photomicrograph扫描电子显微镜scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)透射电子显微镜transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM)重量百分数weightpercent四方的tetragonal单斜的monoclinic配位数coordinationnumber材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷缺陷defect,imperfection点缺陷pointdefect线缺陷linedefect,dislocation缺陷defect,imperfection点缺陷pointdefect线缺陷linedefect,dislocation面缺陷interfacedefect体缺陷volumedefect位错排列dislocationarrangement混合位错mixeddislocation 晶界grainboundaries大角度晶界high-anglegrainboundaries小角度晶界tiltboundary,孪晶界twinboundaries位错阵列dislocationarray位错气团dislocationatmosphere位错轴dislocationaxis位错胞dislocationcell位错爬移dislocationclimb位错聚结dislocationcoalescence位错滑移dislocationslip位错核心能量dislocationcoreenergy位错裂纹dislocationcrack位错阻尼dislocationdamping位错密度dislocationdensity原子错位substitutionofawrongatom 间隙原子interstitialatom晶格空位vacantlatticesites 间隙位置interstitialsites 杂质impurities弗伦克尔缺陷Frenkeldisorder肖脱基缺陷Schottkydisorder 主晶相thehostlattice错位原子misplacedatoms缔合中心AssociatedCenters.自由电子FreeElectrons电子空穴ElectronHoles伯格斯矢量Burgers克罗各-明克符号KrogerVinknotation中性原子neutralatom材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷-固溶体固溶体solidsolution固溶度固溶体solidsolution固溶度solidsolubility化合物compound间隙固溶体interstitialsolidsolution间隙固溶体interstitialsolidsolution置换固溶体substitutionalsolidsolution金属间化合物intermetallics不混溶固溶体immisciblesolidsolution转熔型固溶体peritecticsolidsolution转熔型固溶体peritecticsolidsolution有序固溶体orderedsolidsolution无序固溶体disorderedsolidsolution无序固溶体disorderedsolidsolution固溶强化solidsolutionstrengthening过饱和固溶体supersaturatedsolid取代型固溶体Substitutionalsolidsolutions过饱和固溶体supersaturatedsolid非化学计量化合物Nonstoichiometriccompound材料科学基础专业词汇:第三章熔体结构熔体结构structureofmelt 过冷液体supercoolingmelt 玻璃态vitreousstate软化温度softeningtemperature粘度viscosity表面张力Surfacetension介稳态过渡相metastablephase组织constitution淬火quenching退火的softened玻璃分相phaseseparationinglasses体积收缩volumeshrinkage材料科学基础专业词汇:第四章固体的表面与界面表面surface界面interface同相界面homophaseboundary异相界面heterophaseboundary晶界grainboundary表面能surfaceenergy小角度晶界lowanglegrainboundary 大角度晶界highanglegrainboundary共格孪晶界coherenttwinboundary 晶界迁移grainboundarymigration错配度mismatch驰豫relaxation重构reconstuction表面吸附surfaceadsorption表面能surfaceenergy倾转晶界titltgrainboundary扭转晶界twistgrainboundary倒易密度reciprocaldensity共格界面coherentboundary半共格界面semi-coherentboundary非共格界面noncoherentboundary界面能interfacialfreeenergy应变能strainenergy晶体学取向关系crystallographicorientation惯习面habitplane材料科学基础专业词汇:第五章相图相图phasediagrams相phase组分component组元compoonent相律Phaserule投影图Projectiondrawing浓度三角形Concentrationtriangle冷却曲线Coolingcurve成分composition自由度freedom相平衡phaseequilibrium 化学势chemicalpotential 热力学thermodynamics相律phaserule吉布斯相律Gibbsphaserule自由能freeenergy吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy吉布斯混合能Gibbsenergyofmixing吉布斯熵Gibbsentropy 吉布斯函数Gibbsfunction热力学函数thermodynamicsfunction热分析thermalanalysis过冷supercooling过冷度degreeofsupercooling杠杆定律leverrule相界phaseboundary相界线phaseboundaryline相界交联phaseboundarycrosslinking 共轭线conjugatelines

相界反应phaseboundaryreaction相界有限交联相界反应phaseboundaryreaction相变phasechange相组成phasecomposition共格相phase-coherent金相相组织phaseconstentuent相衬phasecontrast相衬显微镜phasecontrastmicroscope相衬显微术phasecontrastmicroscopy相分布phasedistribution相平衡常数phaseequilibriumconstant 相平衡图phaseequilibriumdiagram相变滞后phasetransitionlag 相分离phasesegregation 相序phaseorder相稳定性phasestability相态phasestate相稳定区phasestabilerange相变温度phasetransitiontemperature 相变压力phasetransitionpressure同质多晶转变polymorphictransformation同素异晶转变allotropictransformation相平衡条件phaseequilibriumconditions显微结构microstructures低共熔体eutectoid不混溶性immiscibility材料科学基础专业词汇:第六章扩散gradient活化能activationenergy扩散通量diffusionflux浓度梯度concentrationgradient菲克第一定律Fick'菲克第一定律Fick'sfirstlaw菲克第二定律Fick'ssecondlaw相关因子correlationfactor稳态扩散steadystatediffusion非稳态扩散nonsteady-statediffusion扩散系数diffusioncoefficient跳动几率jumpfrequency填隙机制interstitalcymechanism晶界扩散grainboundarydiffusion短路扩散short-circuitdiffusion稳态扩散steadystatediffusion非稳态扩散nonsteady-statediffusion扩散系数diffusioncoefficient跳动几率jumpfrequency填隙机制interstitalcymechanism晶界扩散grainboundarydiffusion短路扩散short-circuitdiffusion上坡扩散uphilldiffusion下坡扩散Downhilldiffusion互扩散系数Mutualdiffusion 渗碳剂carburizing浓度梯度concentrationgradient浓度分布曲线concentrationprofile扩散流量diffusionflux驱动力drivingforce间隙扩散interstitialdiffusion自扩散self-diffusion表面扩散surfacediffusion空位扩散vacancydiffusion 扩散偶diffusioncouple扩散方程diffusionequation扩散机理diffusionmechanism 扩散特性diffusionproperty 无规行走Randomwalk达肯方程Darkequation柯肯达尔效应Kirkendallequation本征热缺陷Intrinsicthermaldefect本征扩散系数Intrinsicdiffusioncoefficient离子电导率Ion-conductivity空位机制Vacancyconcentration晶核nucleus形核nucleation晶核nucleus形核nucleation过冷supercooling过冷度degreeofsupercooling形核功nucl