读写复印资料答案 Unit 2

复印材料答案第三单元课文翻译CoreReading1WhatifIAtetheSilicaPacketsMarked“DoNotEat”?KatherineNeerWhatyouwouldbeconsumingismostlikelysilicagelorsomeotherdesiccant--somethingthatabsorbs(collects)andholdswatervapor.Theselittlepacketsarefoundinallsortsofproductstohelpmaintainquality.Shippingcancauseallkindsofatmosphericconditionsandchangesintemperature.Increasedmoisturecanspoilorpermanentlydamagemanyproducts.Forexample,ifabottleofvitaminscontainedanymoisturevaporandwascooledrapidly,thecondensingmoisturewouldruinthepills.You’llfindlittlesilicagelpacketsinanythingthatwouldbeaffectedbyexcessmoistureorcondensation.Silicagelcanadsorbabout40percentofitsweightinmoistureandcantaketherelativehumidityinaclosedcontainerdowntoabout40percent.Oncethegelissaturated,youcangetridofthemoistureandreusesilicagelbyheatingitabove300degreesFahrenheit(150degreesCelsius).Silicagelisnearlyharmless,andthat’swhyyoufinditinfoodproducts.Silica,whichisactuallysilicondioxide(SiO2),isthesamematerialfoundinquartz.Thegelformcontainsmillionsoftinyporesthatcanadsorbandholdmoisture--it’sessentiallyporoussand.Whilethecontentsofasilicagelpacketarebasicallyharmless,itwouldbearatherunpleasantexperiencetoattempttoconsumethesilicacrystals.Thesolejobofthesetinydesiccantsistoadsorbmoisture.Ifyouemptiedapacketofthestuffintoyourmouth,themoisturewouldbewhiskedawayfromthesidesandroofofyourmouth,yourgumsandtongue--givinganentirelynewandall-too-accuratemeaningofthephrase“drymouth.”Ifsilicageldidhappentomakeitpastyourmouth--whichisunlikelybecauseyouwouldprobablybemakingeveryefforttospititout--youmightsufferafewirritatingsideeffects,suchas:•Dryeyes•Anirritated,dryfeelinginyourthroat•Aggravated,drymucousmembranesandnasalcavity•AnupsetstomachorstomachdiscomfortSojusthowmanysilicapacketswouldittaketoadsorballthewaterfromsomeone’sbody?Let’susea210-poundmanasanexample.Weknowthat70percentofahumanbodyismadeupofwater-70percentof210poundsis147poundsofwater.Wealsoknowthatsilicagelcanadsorbabout40percentofitsweightinmoisture.So10poundsofsilicagelareneededtoadsorb4poundsofwater.Itturnsoutthatitwouldtake367.5poundsofsilicageltoadsorb147poundsofwater.Sinceasinglepacketofsilicagelweighs0.1ounces,thatmeansa210-poundmanwouldhavetoconsume58,800packetsofsilicagel.(464words)(Retrievedandadaptedfrom/human-body/systems/digestive/ate-silica-packet.htm)吃了标有“不可食用”的干燥剂怎么办？1你吃下去的很有可能是硅胶或者其他种类的干燥剂——用于吸收（收集）和储存水蒸气。这样用于保质的小包可见于各种产品中。2海运会造成各种大气条件和温度变化。增加的湿度会降低或永久性地损毁许多产品的品质。例如，一瓶含有任何剂量水蒸气的维生素如果迅速降温，冷凝水蒸气就会损坏这些药片。任何品质会受到额外水分或冷凝影响的产品中都能找到小包装的硅胶。3硅胶能吸收约等于自重40%的水分，并将密闭容器中的相对湿度降低大约40%。通过加热可以去掉硅胶中的水分，加热300华氏度（150摄氏度）以上，硅胶就可以重新使用。4硅胶几乎是无害的，所以适用于食品保质。硅其实是二氧化硅（SiO2），和石英中发现的材料是一样的。胶质的硅由成百万的能吸收和储存水分的微孔组成，本质上相当于多孔的沙子。5虽然硅胶包的内容基本无毒，但企图吞下这些石英晶体的过程非常令人难受。这些微小干燥剂的唯一作用就是吸收水分。如果你把一整包干燥剂倒入口中，水分会从口腔内的左右两壁、上颚、牙床和舌头上迅速流失，给你一种全新而异常精确的“口干舌燥”的感觉。如果硅胶真的经过了口腔（这倒不太可能，因为你一定会想尽办法把它吐出来），你会遭受一些非常刺激的副作用，比如：眼睛发干喉部干燥、刺激感不断加剧的粘膜和鼻腔的干燥感胃不适或胃痛6要多少包硅胶才能吸光人体的水分呢？我们以一个210磅的男性为例来计算：人体70%都是水，210磅的70%就是是147磅水。我们已知硅胶可以吸收自重40%的水分，那么吸收4磅水需要10磅硅胶。如此计算，吸光147磅水需用367.5磅硅胶。一包硅胶重0.1盎司，这就意味着一个210磅中的男人要吃58,800包硅胶（才能把自身的水分全部吸光）。（464字）（摘自/human-body/systems/digestive/ate-silica-packet.htm)CoreReading2Here’stoyourHealthJoanDuanyerAstheonlyfreshmanonhishighschool’svarsitywrestlingteam,Todwasanxioustofitinwithhisolderteammates.Onenightafteramatch,hewasofferedatequilabottleontheridehome.Todfelthehadtoaccept,orhewouldseemlikeasissy.Hetookaswallow,andeverytimethebottlewaspassedbacktohim,hetookanotherswallowaftersevenswallows,hepassedout.Histerrifiedteammatescarriedhimintohishome,andhismotherthenrushedhimtothehospital.Afterhisstomachwaspumped,Todlearnedthathisbloodalcohollevelhadbeensohighthathewasluckynottobeinacomaordead.Unfortunately,drinkingisnotunusualamonghigh-schoolstudentsor,forthatmatter,inanyothersegmentofoursociety.Andthat’snoaccident.Therearenumerousinfluencesinoursocietyurgingpeopletodrink,nottheleastofwhichisadvertising.Whocanrecallatelevisedbaseballorbasketballgamewithoutabeercommercial?Furthermore,alcoholadsappearwithpoundingfrequencyinmagazines,onbillboards,andincollegenewspapers.Accordingtoindustryestimates,brewersspendmorethan$600millionayearonradioandTVcommercialsandanother$90milliononprintads.Inaddition,theliquorindustryspendsabout$230millionayearonprintadvertising,andsince1966ithasgreatlyexpandeditspresenceoncableandindependentbroadcaststations.Justrecently,NBCbecamethefirstnetworkstationtoaccepthardliquoradsforbroadcast.Totopitalloff,thisaggressiveadvertisingofalcoholpromotesaharmfulmythaboutdrinking.Partofthemythisthatliquorsignalsprofessionalsuccess.Inaslickmen’smagazine,onefulladforScotchwhiskeyshowstwomenseatedinanelegantrestaurant.Bothareintheirthirties,perfectlygroomed,andwearingexpensive-lookinggraysuits.Thewindowsaredrapedwithvelvet,thetablewithspotlesswhitelinen.Eachplacesettingconsistsofalong-stemmedwatergoblet,silverutensils,andthicksilverplates.Oneachplateisahalf-emptycocktailglass.Thetwomenaregrinningandshakinghands,asifthey’vejustconcludedabusinessdeal.Thecaptionreads,“Thetasteofsuccess.”Contrarytowhattheliquorcompanywouldhaveusbelieve,drinkingismorecloselyrelatedtolackofsuccessthantoachievement.Amongstudents,theheaviestdrinkershavethelowestgrades.Intheworkforce,alcoholicsarefrequentlylateorabsent,tendtoperformpoorly,andoftengetfired.Althoughalcoholabuseoccursinalleconomicclasses,itremainsmostprevalentamongthepoor.Anotherpartofthealcoholmythisthatdrinkingmakesyoumoreattractivetotheoppositesex.“Hot,hot,hot,”onecommercial’ssoundtrackbegins,asthecamerascansacrowdofcollege-agebeachgoers.Nextitfollowsthecurveofawoman’sleguptoherbarehipandlingersthere.Sheisyoung,beautiful,wearingabikini.Ayoungguy,carryinganicechest,positionshimselfneartowhereshesits.Heistan,muscular.Shedoesn’tshowmuchinterest—untilheopensthechestandtakesoutabeer.Nowshesmilesoverathim.Heraiseshiseyebrowsand,invitingly,holdsupanothercan.Shejoinshim.Thisbeer,thesongconcludes,“attractslikenoother.”Beerdoesn’tmakeanyonesexier.Likeallalcohol,itlowersthelevelsofmalehormonesinmenandoffemalehormonesinwomen—evenwhentakeninsmallamounts.Insubstantialamounts,alcoholcancauseinfertilityinwomenandimpotenceinmen.Somealcoholicmenevendevelopenlargedbreasts.Thealcoholmythalsocreatestheillusionthatbeerandathleticsareaperfectcombination.Onebillboardfeaturesthreehigh-actionimages:asprinterrunningattopspeed,asurferridingawave,andabasketballplayerleapingtomakeadunkshot.Aparticularlightbeer,thebillboardpromises,“won’tslowyoudown.”“Slowyoudown”isexactlywhatalcoholdoes.Drinkingplaysaroleinoversixmillioninjurieseachyear—notcountingautomobileaccidents.Eveninsmallamounts,alcoholdullsthebrain,reducingmusclecoordinationandslowingreactiontime.Italsointerfereswiththeabilitytofocustheeyesandadjusttoasuddenchangeinbrightness—suchastheflashofacar’sheadlights.Drinkinganddriving,responsibleforoverhalfofallautomobiledeaths,istheleadingcauseofdeathamongteenagers.Continuedalcoholabusecanphysicallychangethebrain,permanentlyimpairinglearningandmemory.Long-termdrinkingisrelatedtomalnutrition,weakeningofthebones,andulcers.Itincreasestheriskofliverfailure,heartdisease,andstomachcancer.Finally,accordingtothemyth,alcoholisthemagicingredientthatgeneratessocialsuccess.HundredsofTVandradioadshaveechoedthismessageinrecentyears.Inonecommercial,forinstance,anoverweightmansitsaloneinhisdrablivingroom.Hereachesintoacooler,pullsoutabottleofbeer,andtwistsoffthebottlecap.Instantlydancemusicerupts,anddozensofattractiveyoungadultsappearinashowerofpartystreamersandconfetti.“Wherethepartybegins,”avoicesays.Theoncelonelyman,nowapopularguywithlotsofmaleandfemalefriends,hasfoundtheanswertohissocialproblems—beer.Relationshipsbasedonalcoholareunlikelytoleadtosocialsuccessandtruefriendships.Indeed,studiesshowthatwhenalcoholbecomesthecenterofasocialgathering,itmayleadtopublicdrunkennessandviolence.Thead’simageoftheman’snewfriendsignoresanundeniablereality:thatalcoholruins—notcreates—relationships.Inadditiontofightingandsimpleassault,drinkingislinkedtotwo-thirdsofdomesticviolenceincidents.Ratherthanleadingtohealthysocialconnections,alcoholleadstoloneliness,despair,andmentalillness.Overafourthofthepatientsinstateandcountymentalhospitalshavealcoholproblems;morethanhalfofallviolentcrimesarealcohol-related;therateofsuicideamongalcoholicsisfifteentimeshigherthanamongthegeneralpopulation.Advertiserswouldhaveusbelievethemyththatalcoholispartofbeingsuccessful,sexy,healthy,andhappy;butthosewhohavesufferedfromit—directlyorindirectly—knowotherwise.Foralcohol’svictims,“Here’stoyourhealth”ringswithaterribleironywhenitisaccompaniedbytheclinkofliquorglasses.(1069words)祝你健康1作为所在高中摔跤校队中唯一的一年级学生，Tod急于融入到年长的队友中。一次比赛后的晚上，在回家的路上，队友递给他一瓶龙舌兰酒，Tod觉得他必须得喝，否则会显得娘娘腔。他喝了一口，每次酒瓶传回到他手中，他都喝一口。喝完第八口后，他失去了知觉。队友们吓坏了，把他送回了家，他的母亲赶紧送他去了医院。洗胃之后Tod才知道他的血液酒精含量很高，他很幸运才没有陷入深度昏迷或者死亡。2不幸的是，喝酒在高中生中很普遍，这一点在社会的其他部分也很普遍。这并非偶然。在我们的社会中有数不清的理由促使人们喝酒，广告首当其冲。谁能想起一场没有啤酒广告的垒球或者篮球广告？酒类广告还密集出现在杂志、户外广告牌和大学报纸上。根据行业估计，酒类经销商每年在电台和电视广告上花60亿美元，在印刷广告上花9亿。此外，制酒业每年花23亿在印刷广告上，自1966年以后大幅扩展了在有线电视和独立广播电台的广告。就在最近，NBC成为了第一家播出烈性酒广告的网络电台。3更有甚者，这些侵略性的酒类广告深化了人们关于饮酒的误解。4有一种误解是酒类标志着职业成功。在一本精致的男性杂志上，整页刊登了一幅苏格兰威士忌广告，里面有两位男士坐在一个高雅的饭店里。他们都三十多岁，精心装扮，穿着看起来很昂贵的灰色西装。窗户上垂着天鹅绒窗帘，桌上铺着无瑕的白色亚麻。两人的餐具中都摆放着高脚酒杯、银质餐具和粗闪银盘；每个盘子上有一杯喝了一半的鸡尾酒。两个男人笑着握手，似乎刚刚谈成了一桩生意。广告标题写着：“成功的滋味”。5和酒类企业推销的理念相反，饮酒更容易导致失败而不是成功。学生中，喝酒最多的成绩最差。职场上，酗酒者经常迟到、旷工，表现更差，并