英国文学史复习资料学习资料

<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉英国文学史资料BritishWritersandWorksI.OldEnglishLiterature&TheLateMedievalAges<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:thenationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxonsEpic:longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.e.g.Homer'sIliadandOdysseyArtisticfeatures:.UsingalliterationDefinitionofalliteration:arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound头韵〕SomeexamplesonP5.Usingmetaphorandunderstatement保守的陈述〕Definitionofunderstatement:expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideasGeofferyChaucer杰弗里诉叟1340〔?〕~1400〔首创双韵体〞,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作.约翰德莱顿〔JohnDryden〕称其为英国诗歌之父〞.代表作?坎特伯雷故事集?.〕ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.Itisalonewho,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,presentedtousacomprehensive粽合的,广泛的〕realisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalks<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉oflife.〔A〕A.GeoffreyChaucerB.MatinLutherC.WilliamLanglandD.JohnGowerwritingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.①<TheCanterburyTales欢特伯雷故事集：firsttimetouseheroiccouplet'〔双韵体〕bymiddleEnglish②<TroilusandCriseyde>#罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③<TheHouseofFame*誉之宫MedievalAges'popularLiteraryform:Romance传奇故事〕FamousthreeKingArthurSirGawainandtheGreenKnightBeowulfIITheRenaissancePeriodAperiodofdramaandpoetryTheElizabethandramastherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.Renaissancetheactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance—rebirthorrevival:<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrolog2星术〕.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekcultureThemostfamousdramatists:ChristopherMarloweWilliamShakespeareBenJohnson.1.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙撕宾塞1552〜1599〔后人称之为诗人的诗人〕Thepoetspoet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet'scornerofWesterminsterAbbeyWhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotthereasonforthatEdmundSpenserisfamousforthepoetspoet??〔B〕A.SpensersidealismB.hisstruggleforcriteriaC.hisloveofbeautyD.hisexquisitemelody①<TheFaerieQueene轴后〔forQueenElizabeth〕ThethemeisnotArmsandthemaH',butsomethingmoreromanticFiercewarsandfaithfullloves〞.Artisticfeatures:1.UsingSpenserianStanza〔诗的一节〕DefinitionofSpenserianStanza:astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eight<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?»»»»linesiniambicpentameter〔五步抑扬格〕,andlastlineiniambichexameter.②<TheShepherdsCalendar牧人日历Thethemeistolament〔哀悼〕overthelossofRosalind.③<Amoretti>爱情小唱ThomasMore托马斯？!尔1478〜1535OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists①<Utopia>乌托邦FrancisBacon弗兰西斯潞卞艮1561〜1626〔哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这

一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱.〕Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.Writingstyle:brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions〔暗示,提及〕,metaphorsandphilosophytoman'sreason.®<TheAdvancementof1$2方访§>学术的推进②<Essays>S笔〔famousquotas:<Ofstudies>〕ThethemeofOfStudiesusesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.<<<<<<精品资料?»»»»<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉BenJonson①<ComedyofHumours>②<Volpone,orthefox>狐狸ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗码洛1564~1595UniversityW让s〞,thepioneerofEnglishdrama〔完善了无韵体诗.〕Blankverse:writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.Marlowegavenewvigortowithhismightylines"〔D〕A.thePetrarchansonnetB.sestinaC.terzarimaD.blankverse①<TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus将士德博士的悲剧〔根据德国民间故事书写成〕②<Tamburlaine坤占木耳大帝③<TheJewof乂2心>马耳他的犹太人WilliamShakespeare威廉班士比亚1564~1616Historicalplays:HenryVI;HenryIV:RichardIII;HenryV;RichardII;HenryVIIIFourComedies:<AsYouLikeIt>皆大欢喜;<TwelfthNight>第十二夜；<AMidsummerNight'SDreamt夏夜之梦;<MerchantOfVenice>威尼斯商人FourTragedies:<Hamlet>哈姆莱特；<Othello>奥赛罗;<KingLear><<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉李尔王；<Macbeth>麦克白ShakespeareSonnet:154<TheSonnets>Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefggAsonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.IIIThe17thCenturyJohnMilton约翰？弥尔顿1608~1674〔诗人、政论家；失明后写?失乐园?、?复乐园?、?力士参孙?.〕Epics:<ParadiseLost次乐园<ParadiseRegained>［乐园②Dramaticpoem:<SamsonAgonistes切士参孙、<Areopagitica>论出版自由<TheDefenceoftheEnglishPeople刈英国人民声辩<OnHisBlindness>我的失明Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestwhocanendurethesufferingbest.JohnBunyan约翰班扬1628~1688〔代表作?天路历程?,宗教寓言,被誉为具有永恒意义的百科全书<<<<<<精品资料?»»»»<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉是英国文学史上里程碑式著作.与但丁的?神曲?、奥古斯丁的?忏悔录?并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作.〕Puritanpoet@青教徒派诗人〕①ReligionaryAllegory〔寓言〕：<ThePilgrim'sProg>近路历程JohnDonnetheMetaphysicalpoet良学派诗人〕.MetaphysicalPoetry彦学诗〕：〔用语〕thediction〔用语,措词〕issimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,形式〕theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet'sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.〔主题：love,religious,thought〕Artisticfeatures:.conceitso门magery奇思妙喻2.syllogism三段论①Meditations沉思录TheFlea虱子②SongsAndSonnetsHolySonnets③Valediction〔辞别演说,辞别辞〕:<ForbiddingMourning>IVThe18thCentury:Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架,并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起,与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期.<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉Arevival〔复兴〕ofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion仰制,［青感〕andaccuracyTheAgeofEnlightenment/ReasonthemovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe1t5and1Ghcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason〔rationality〕,equality&science〔the信century〕/J、说崛起：Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised〔realisticnovel现实主义小说〕Gothicnovel〔哥特式小说〕:mystery,horror,castles〔frommiddleparttotheendofcentury〕AlexanderPope亚历山大端柏1688〜1744〔18世纪英国最伟大的诗人,其诗多用英雄双韵体"/'heroiccouplets〞.词句工整、精练、富有哲理性.〕AsarepresentativeoftheEnlightenment,PopewasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland....Eg.AmongtherepresentativesoftheEnlightenment,whowasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland?〔C〕A.JohnBunyanB.DanielDefoeC.AlexanderPopeD.JonathanSwift<AnEssayonCriticism>lti^论Artisticfeatures:<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉I.Usingheroiccouplets"<TheRapeoftheLock>^Qt遇劫记<MoralEssays>i!MB论<EssayonMan队论<TheDunciad>1S人记SamuelJohnson塞缪尔？勺翰逊1709~1784©Dictionary=<ADictionaryofEnglishLanguage〉英语大词典JonathanSwift乔纳森撕威夫特1667~1745〔十八世纪杰出的政论家和挖苦小说家amastersatirist〕<Gulliver'sTraves列佛游记〔fictionalwork〕Fourparts:Lilliput小人国Brobdingnag大人国FlyingIsland飞岛Houyhnhnm马岛<AModestProposal〉^个小小的建议<TheBattleofBooks〉书战③<ATaleofaTub>木桶的故事④<TheDrapper'sLetters个麻布商的书信DanielDefoe丹尼尔循福1660~1731〔小说家,新闻记者,小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人.〕<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular〔方言的〕,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.①<RobinsonCrusoe澹宾逊漂流记1.ItpraisethefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.2.Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,tempered〔磨练〕bynumeroustrials〔考U佥〕inhiseventfullife.3.Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonecbnalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.<MollFlanders><ColonelJacque><Captainsingleton>HenryFielding亨禾琲尔丁1707〜1754〔英国小说家,戏剧家,被誉为英国小说之父〞Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel〞.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose〞〔散文体史诗〕,andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.novels:<TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling湃婴汤姆现斯<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<TheHistoryoftheAdventuresofJosephAndrews约瑟夫孜德鲁<TheLifeofMrJonathanWild,theGreat>大诗人江奈生?威尔德<Amelia>爱米利亚plays:<TheHistoricalRegisterfor1736>一七三六年历史记事<DonQuixoteinEngland>堂吉柯德在英国OliverGoldsmith奥利弗？I#尔德斯密斯1730~1774poems:<TheTraveller^游人<TheDesertedVillage浇村novel:<TheVicarofWakefield>威克菲尔德牧师传RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德？布林斯利碰莱登1751~1816<TheRivals〉情敌<TheSchoolforScandal>!:谣学校W川iamBlake威廉佛莱克1757~1827<SongsofInnocence次真之歌Ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren,seye.<SongsofExperience〉?验之歌<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉Awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.Include:<TheChimneySweeper><London><TheTyger>LambisasymbolofpeaceandpurityTygerisasymbolofdread〔恐,惧〕andoiolence<TheMarriageofHeavenandHell灰堂与地狱的婚姻RobertBurns罗伯特雹斯1759〜1796ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate1t8century.PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗①<JohnAnderson,MyJoWtf翰孜德生,我的爱人②<ARed,RedRose“朵红红的玫瑰③<AuldLongSyne举昔时光<AMansaManforA'>That那一套<MyHeart'sirineHighlands>^的心在那高原上<BruceAtBannockburn〉<TheTreeOfLiberty>VTheRomanticPeriodTheromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthand<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉Coleridges<LyricalBallads>,andendin1832withSirWalterScottsdeath.Romanticism#emphasizethespecialqualitieofeachindividualsmind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace.TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romantic).TheLakePoet§湖畔诗人,wholivedinthelakedistrict.WilliamWordsworth;SamuelTaylorColeridge;RobertSoutheyWilliamWordsworth威廉律兹华斯1770〜1850(与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为湖畔派〞诗人.TheLakePoet9<LyricalBalladsX^^歌谣集(withSamuelTaylorColeridge)<IWonderedLonelyAsACloud>Theme:1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgivehimstrengthandknowledgefullofpeace.Itisblisstorecolledthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude..Comment:Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils〔水仙〕andpoetsphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey④TheSolitaryReaper孤独的割麦女SamuelTaylorColeridge塞缪尔傣勒科尔彳t治1772〜1834TheLakePoets<TheRimeoftheAncientMariner>^^子颂②<Christabel,柯里斯塔贝尔③<KublaKhan>忽必烈汗Artisticfeatures:mysticism,demonismwithstrongimagination,astrangeterritory④<FrostatNight>半夜冰霜<Dejection,anOdeM^B颂<LyricalBallads,抒情歌谣集〔withW川iamWordsworth〕GeorgeGordonByron乔治我登第伦1788〜1824〔拜伦式英雄Byronicheroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫,却充满了对抗精神.内心充满了孤独与苦闷,却又蔑视群小.恰尔德哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个拜伦式英雄Byronichero〞isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?»»»»againsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.①<DonJuan>W礴<ChildeHarold'sPilgrimOgep德？P合罗德尔游记<Cain>该隐②<WhenWeTwoParted>!初我们俩分另U<SheWalksInBeauty>PersyByssheShelley波西？比希省莱1792~1822①PoeticDrama:<PrometheusUnbound解放了的普罗米修斯Theme:thedramacelebratesmasvictoryovertyrannyandoppression②<QueenMab>麦布女王<RevoltofIslam>伊斯兰的反叛<TheCenci激契一家<ADefenceofPoetry>诗辩<TheNecessityofAtheism次神论的必要性③Lyrics:<OdetotheWestWind酒风颂Theme:Theauthorexpresshiseagernesstoenjoytheboundlessfreedomfromthereality.Comparethewestwindtodestroyeroftheoldwhodrivesthelastsignsoflifefromthetrees,andpreserverofthenewwhoscattertheseadsshichsillcometolifeinthespring.Thisisapoemaboutrenewal,aboutthewindblowinglifebackintodeadthings,implyingnot<<<<<<精品资料?»»»»<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉justanarcoflife(whichwouldendatdeath)butacycle,whichonlystartsagainwhensomethingdies.Comment:PercyByssheShelley's"OdetotheWestWind"iswritteniniambicpentameter.Itcontainsfivesonnetlengthstanzas,eachwithaclosingcouplet.Therhymingschemeformisababcbcdcdedee.Thetoneispoignant.Manywillagreethatthispoemisaninvocationforanunseenforcetotakecontrolandrevivelife.Artisticfeatures:UsingrerzarimaU行诗ababcbcdcdedefe…)<ToaSkylark>致云雀JohnKeats约翰帝慈1795~1821(美即是真,真即是美〞是他的著名诗句.)Fourgreatodes:<OdeonaGrecianUrn希腊古瓮颂<OdetoaNightingale*莺颂<OdetoPsyche>b灵颂<OdeOnMelancholy>忧有B颂<ToAutumn>秋颂Theme:ThethemeofJohnKeats'poem,"ToAutumn",isthatchangeisbothnaturalandbeautiful.Thepoempraisesthegloriesofthefallseasonbyusingalmosteverytypeofimagerytobothcharmandappealtothereader.<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉Comment:Thespeakerinthepoemacknowledgesthattimepassesby,butalsoassertsthatthischangeusuallyyieldssomethingnewandbetterthanwhatcamebefore.Eachofthepoem'sthreestanzasrepresentstheevolvingoftwodifferenttypesofchange.Onetypeofchangeshowninthepoemisthechangeofperiodsinaday.JaneAusten简嗯斯丁1775~1817Shecomparedherworkstoafineengravinguponaliterarypieceofivoryonlyinchessquire.①<SenseandSensibility>!智与感情<PrideandPrejudic>傲慢与偏见(chapterI)【ElizabethBennet&Darcy]intheendfalseprideishumbledandprejudicedissolved[Collins&CharlotteLucas]seetherealityofmarriageasanecessarystepifawomanistoavoidthewretchednessofagingspinsterhood【Lydia&Wickham]shownthedangersoffeckless(软弱的,没精神的)relationshipsunsupportedbymoney.[Mr.&Mrs.Bennet,Mr.Collins,LadyCatherinedeBurgh]comiccharacters<MansfieldPark>SL斯菲尔德庄园<Emma>ft^<NorthangerAbbey>®桑觉寺<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〈Persuasion助导WalterScott沃尔特？斯科特1771〜1832〔历史小说之父"〕Fatherofhistorynovels①<RobRoy>罗伯？罗伊②<Ivanhoe>艾凡赫VITheVictorianPeriod1832-1900Commonsenseandmorapropreity,againbecamethepredominantpreoccupation.Criticalrealistswereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeopleandeverydayevents.CharlesDickens查尔斯湫更斯1812~1870〔批判现实主义小说家〕criticalrealistwriter①<ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub匹克威克外传②<Oliver丁亚15b奥利弗瑞维斯特〔雾都孤儿〕<TheOldCuriosityShop>老古玩店<AChristmasCarol>圣诞颂歌<DombeyandSon>S贝父子⑥<DavidCopperfield〉大卫科波菲尔⑦<BleakHoused凉山庄<HardTimes^BD®时世<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<ATaleofTwoC用es>双城记(London&Paris)<GreatExpectations泣大前程<OurMutualFriend>Wn^(^l是英国19世纪小说繁荣时期最杰出的代表作家,影响普及欧美以及世界各国.他那富有社会批判意义的现实主义小说不仅使英国文坛焕然一新,而且对世界文学的开展也产生了深远的影响.WilliamMakepeaceThackeray威廉瘦克匹斯瘠克雷1811~1863①<VanityFair>oraNovelwithoutaHero名禾1」场(thenameisanexcerptfrom<ThePilgrimsProgress>byJohnBunyan)②<TheBookOfSnobs>CharlotteBronte夏洛蒂渤朗特1816~1855①<JaneEyre希篌JaneEyre,aplainlittleorphan,wassenttoLowood,acharityschool.Thereshesufferalotand8yearslatersheleftschoolandbecameabovernessatThornfieldHall.Thereshefallsinlovewiththemaster,Mr.Rochester.Itisnotedforitssharpcriticismoftheexistingsociety,e.g.charityinstitutionsuchasLowoodSchoolItisasuccessfulintroductiontothefirstgoverness家庭女教师〕heoineintheEnglishnovel,whomrepresentsthosemiddle-classworkingwomenstrugglingforrecognitionoftheirbasicrightsandequalityasa<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉humanbeing.②<Shirley>雪莉③<Professor呦师EmilyBronte艾米莉渤朗特1818〜1854<WutheringHeights>吼叫山庄Astoryabouttwofamilieandanintrudingstranger.[TheEarnshawFamilyiMr.Earnshaw,hiswife,thesonHindley,thedaughterCatherine,Heathcliff[TheLintonFamily]Mr.Linton,hiswife,sonEdgar,daughterIsabella<OldStoic>GeorgeEliot乔治我略特1819〜1880①<TheMillontheFloss>弗洛斯河上的磨坊②<AdamBede>IE当？比德③<Silas乂2巾$r>织工马南④<Middlemarch>米德尔马契AlfredTennyson阿尔弗莱德？T尼生1809〜1892〔维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人〕PoetLaureate〔桂冠诗人〕<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<InMemoriam>悼念Tomemorializehisfriend<Break,Break,Break>③<IdyllsoftheKing>国王叙事诗RobertBrowning罗伯特？白朗宁1812~1889①<MyLastDutchess>我已故的公爵夫人②<HomeThoughtsFromAbroad>海外乡思.theringandthebook指环与书.pippapasses皮帕走过了ElizabethBarrettBrowing:①<SonnetfromthePortuguese葡萄牙十四行诗RobertLouisStevenson①<TreasureIsland验专艮岛ThomasHardy托马斯？合代1840~1928(小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家.Wessexnovels;novelsofcharacterandenvironmenJNovels<TessOfTheD'Urbervilte^伯家的苔丝<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉Theme:experienceisastointensity,andnotastoduration<JudeTheObscured名的裘德<UnderTheGreenwoodTree绿荫下<FarFromTheMaddingCrowd>远离尘嚣<TheMayorOfCasterbridge>^斯特桥市长<TheReturnoftheNative>还乡⑵PoemsWessexPoemsAndOtherVersesPoemsOfThePastAndPresentTheDynasts歹！J国VII1900~1950The20thCenturyPlaywrightsOscarWildeGeorgeBernardShawOscarWilde奥斯卡在尔德1856~1900(TheAestheticMovement:ArtforArt'sSakR4Comedies:<TheImportanceOfBeingEarnest漱真的重要<LadyWindermere'sFan德米尔夫人的扇子<AWomanOfNoImportance,一个无足轻重的女人<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<AnIdealHusband>理想的丈夫Novel:<ThePictureOfDorianGray>多禾安潞雷的画像FairyStories:<TheHappyPrinceAndOtherTales玦乐王子故事集GeorgeBernardShaw乔治？〔白纳磷1856~1950〔英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家〕criticalrealisticdramatistPlaysPlaysUnpleasant<MrsWarren'SProfess^伦夫人的职业〈Widowers'Houses>鳏夫的房产PlaysPleasant<ArmsAnd乂2门>武器与人<TheManOfDestiny>左右命运的人Plays<ManAndSupermanX与超人<Pygmalion>匹格玛利翁<TheAppleCart>苹果车<SaintJoan>!l女贞德<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉Novelists(Realists)1.JosephConcrad①<LordJim>吉姆爷②<HeartOfDarkness溺暗的心.WhythebookstitleisHeartofDarkness?ThestoryhappenedinCongo,theheartofAfrica,andthecolorofpeoplesskininthereisblack.Mostimportantpointaboutthetitleistotheevilinhumans'heart..Whatisthesymbolismofblackandwhite[Black/dark-]death,evil,ignorance,mystery,savagery,uncivilizedMiddleAges,whenscienceandknowledgewassuppressed,astheDarkAges.AccordingtoChristianity,inthebeginningoftimeallwasdarkandGodcreatedlight.AccordingtoHeartofDarkness,beforetheRomanscame,Englandwasdark.Inthesameway,Africawasconsideredtobeinthe“darksta[White/light]life,goodness,enlightenment,civilized,religion.Yet,inConcrad,theusualpatternisreverseanddarknessmeanstruth(Thetruthwithin,thereforedarkandobscure.),whitenessmeansfalsehood.ThiscontrasttellsapoliticaltruthaboutcolonialismintheCongo.ThecontrastalsosuggestsapsychologicaltruthaboutMarlowandtheEuropeansmind.<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉Whitealsosuggestsanynumberofunpleasantmoraltruths.Thetradeinivoryiswhiteanddirty.Kurtzthewhitemanistotallycorrupt3.CommentThebookimpliesthatcivilizationsarecreatedbythelawsandcodesthatencouragementoachievehigherstandards.Thelawactsasabuffertopreventmenfromrevertingbacktotheirdarkertendencies.Civilization,however,mustbelearned.Londonitself,inthebookasymbolofenlightenment,wasonce"oneofthedarkerplacesoftheearth"beforetheRomansforcedcivilizationupontheBritons.Butcivilizedsocietydoesnotgetridofprimevalsavagetendencieswhichlurkinthebackground.ThissavageryisseeninKurtz.MarlowmeetsKurtzandhefindsamanthathastotallythrownofftherestraintofcivilizationandhasde-evolvedintoaprimitivestate.4.Character【Kurtz]representswhateverymanwillbecomeiflefttohisownintrinsicdesireswithoutaprotective,civilizedenvironment.【Marlow]representsthecivilizedsoulthathasnotbeendrawnbackintosavagerybyadark,alienatingjungle.5.NarrativeStructureInHeartofDarkness,wehaveanoutsidenarratortellingusastoryhehasheardfromMarlow.ThestoryMarlowtellscentersaround<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉<<<<<<精品资料?〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉Kurtz.However,mostofwhatMarlowknowsaboutKurtz,hehaslearnedfromothers.TheyhavegoodreasonfornotbeingtruthfultoMarlow.ThereforeMarlowhastopiecetogethermuchofKurtz'sstory.WilliamSomersetMaugham<OfHumanBondage队性的枷锁EdwardMorganFoster(E.M.Foster)<APassageToIndia印度之行<HawardsEnd>B^兹另座Modernists⑴3NovelistsJamesJoyceDavidHerbertLawrenceVirgirniaWoolfDavidHerbertLawrence戴维？®伯特璜伦斯1885〜1930<SonsAndLovers?L子与情人(autobiographical)【Mrs.Morel],daughterofamiddle-classfamily,i