高考英语复习知识点-虚拟语气学案

虚拟语气【知识清单】一、条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如：Iftimepermits,we’llgofishingtogether.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如：Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemetthatfamousprofessor.如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）。二、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其主句与从句中谓语动词的形式列表如下：假设类型从句主句例句与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实可能相反练习：1、IwouldaskGeorgetolendusthemoneyifI_____him.A.hadknownB.haveknownC.knewD.know2、IfBob____withus,hewouldhavehadagoodtime.A.wouldcomeB.wouldhavecomeC.hadcomeD.came3、__________,Ishouldaskthemsomequestions.A.IftheyshouldcometousB.IftheycometousC.IftheywerecometousD.Iftheyhadcometous4、__________youwerebusy,Iwouldn'thavebotheredyouwithmyquestions.A.IfIrealizedB.IfIhadrealizedC.DidIhaverealizedthatD.AsIrealized三、虚拟语气的其他用法1、wish的用法动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反主语+wish(that)+主语+动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反助动词过去式+动词原形—与将来事实相反IwishIwereapopsinger.(=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger..)IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching.(=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)Iwishthey’dletusgetsomesleep.注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1）Wehopetheywillcome.(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.)（2）Wewishtheycouldcome.(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.)2、It’s(high)timethat…+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：It’stime(that)youhadahaircut.It’shightime(that)wetooksomeactions练习：1.Ican'tspeakJapanese,butIdowishI.A.canB.couldC.hadD.speak2.“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholidays?”“Idon'tknow,butit'sabouttimeonsomething.”A.I'mdecidingB.I'lldecideC.IdecidedD.I'ddecided3.Iwishyouinterrupt（打断）whenI'mtalkingonthephone.A.willnotB.wouldnotC.donotD.didnot四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法1.省掉if的条件从句结构：Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.=____________________________________________________表格：从句结构省略结构If+主语+had+过去分词Had+主语+过去分词If+主语+wereto+动词原形Were+主语+to+动词原形If+主语+should+动词原形Should+主语+动词原形2.有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.

练习：1.today,wouldwebeabletogettherebyTuesday?A.WereweleavingB.IfweleaveC.WouldweleaveD.Werewetoleave2._______Iknownit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.A.HaveB.IfC.HadD.Having【课后练习】1.IfIyou,Iwouldgobyplane.Flyingismuchfaster.A.beB.wasC.wereD.am2.IdonotthinkthosepeoplearereallyEnglish.Iftheywere,theyspeakwithFrenchaccents.A.don'tB.willnotC.mustn'tD.wouldn't3.Iftheyhadknownhim,tohim?A.wouldtheyhavetalkedB.wouldtheytalkC.hadtheytalkedD.theywouldtalk4.IfIlivedinthecity,Itravelincrowdedbuses,butItoseelotsof

films.A.shallhaveto/shallbeableB.shallhaveto/amableC.wouldhaveto/wereableD.wouldhaveto/wouldbeable5.Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert,ifItime.A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehad6.Ididn'tgotothefootballmatch,butIdowishIthere.A.wentB.was