剑桥考官范文(通用十一篇)

剑桥考官范文(通用十一篇)5剑桥考官范文(篇一)ResearchusingtwinsTobiomedicalresearchersallovertheworld,twinsofferapreciousopportunitytountangletheinfluenceofgenesandtheenvironmentofnatureandnurture.Becauseidenticaltwinscomefromasinglefertilizedeggthatsplitsintotwo,theysharevirtuallythesamegeneticcode.Anydifferencesbetweenthem—onetwinhavinglookingskin,forexample—mustbeduetoenvironmentalfactorssuchaslesstimespentinthesun.Alternatively,bycomparingtheexperiencesofidenticaltwinswiththoseoffraternaltwins,whocomefromseparateeggsandshareonaveragehalftheirDNA,researcherscanquantifytheextenttowhichourgenesaffectourlives.Ifidenticaltwinsaremoresimilartoeachotherwithrespecttoanailmentthanfraternaltwinsare,thenvulnerabilitytothediseasemustberootedatleastinpartinheredity.Thesetwolinesofresearch—studyingthedifferencesbetweenidenticaltwinstopinpointtheinfluenceofenvironment,andcomparingidenticaltwinswithfraternalonestomeasuretheroleofinheritance—havebeencrucialtounderstandingtheinterplayofnatureandnurtureindeterminingourpersonalities,behavior,andvulnerabilitytodisease.Theideaofusingtwinstomeasuretheinfluenceofhereditydatesbackto1875,whentheEnglishscientistFrancisGaltonfirstsuggestedtheapproach(andcoinedthephrase‘natureandnurture’).Buttwinstudiestookasurprisingtwistinthe1980s,withthearrivalofstudiesintoidenticaltwinswhohadbeenseparatedatbirthandreunitedasadults.Overtwodecades137setsoftwinseventuallyvisitedThomasBouchard’slabinwhatbecameknownastheMinnesotaStudyofTwinsRearedApart.Numeroustestswerecarriedoutonthetwins,andtheywereeachaskedmorethan15,000questions.Bouchardandhiscolleaguesusedthismountainofdatatoidentifyhowfartwinswereaffectedbytheirgeneticmakeup.Thekeytoapproachwasastatisticalconceptcalledheritability.Inbroadterms,theheritabilityofatraitmeasurestheextenttowhichdifferencesamongmembersofapopulationcanbeexplainedbydifferencesintheirgenetics.AndwhereverBouchardandotherscientistslooked,itseemed,theyfoundtheinvisiblehandofgeneticinfluencehelpingtoshapeourlives.Lately,however,twinstudieshavehelpedleadscientiststoaradicalnewconclusion:thatnatureandnurturearenottheonlyelementalforcesatwork.Accordingtoarecentfieldcalledepigenetics,thereisathirdfactoralsoinplay,onethatinsomecasesservesasabridgebetweentheenvironmentandourgenes,andinothersoperatesonitsowntoshapewhoweare.Epigeneticprocessesarechemicalreactionstiedtoneithernaturenornurturebutrepresentingwhatresearchershavecalleda‘thirdcomponent’.Thesereactionsinfluencehowourgeneticcodeisexpressed:howeachgeneisstrengthenedorweakened,eventurnedonoroff,tobuildourbones,brainsandalltheotherpartsofourbodies.IfyouthinkofourDNAasanimmensepianokeyboardandourgenesasthekeys—eachkeysymbolizingasegmentofDNAresponsibleforaparticularnote,ortrait,andallthekeyscombiningtomakeuswhoweare—thenepigeneticprocessesdeterminewhenandhoweachkeycanbestruck,changingthetunebeingplayed.Onewaythestudyofepigeneticsisrevolutionizingourofbiologyisbyrevealingamechanismbywhichtheenvironmentdirectlyimpactsongenes.Studiesofanimals,forexample,haveshownthatwhenaratexperiencesstressduringpregnancy,itcancauseepigeneticchangesinafetusthatleadtobehavioralproblemsastherodentgrowsup.Otherepigeneticprocessesappeartooccurrandomly,whileothersarenormal,suchasthosethatguidecellsastheybecomeheart,brain,orlivercells,forexample.GeneticistDanielleReedhasworkedwithmanytwinsovertheyearsandthoughtdeeplyaboutwhattwinstudieshavetaughtus.‘It’sveryclearwhenyoulookattwinsthatmuchofwhattheyshareishardwired,’shesays.‘Manythingsaboutthemareabsolutelythesameandunalterable.Butit’salsoclear,whenyougettoknowthem,thatotherthingsaboutthemaredifferent.Epigeneticsistheoriginofalotofthosedifferences,inmyview.’ReedcreditsThomasBouchard’sworkfortoday’ssurgeintwinstudies.‘Hewasthetrailblazer,’shesays.‘Weforgetthat50yearsagothingslikeheartdiseasewerethoughttobecausedentirelybylifestyle.Schizophreniawasthoughttobeduetopoormothering.Twinstudieshaveallowedustobemorereflectiveaboutwhatpeopleareactuallybornwithandwhat’scausedbyexperience.’Havingsaidthat,Reedadds,thelatestworkinepigeneticspromisestotakeourunderstandingevenfurther.‘WhatIliketosayisthatnaturewritessomethingsinpencilandsomethingsinpen,’shesays.Thingswritteninpenyoucan’tchange.That’sDNA.Butthingswritteninpencilyoucan.That’sepigenetics.Nowthatwe’reactuallyabletolookattheDNAandseewherethepencilwritingsare,it’ssortofawholenewworld.’剑桥考官范文(篇二)Thechartsbelowshowtheresultsofasurveyofadulteducation.Thefirstchartshowsthereasonswhyadultsdecidetostudy.Thepiechartshowshowpeoplethinkthecostsofadulteducationshouldbeareportforauniversitylecturer,describingtheinformationshownatleast150Words.ModelAnswer:Thesummaryofasurveyonadulteducationispresentedinthe2charts.Thebarchartsummarizesthefactorsthatcausedadultstocontinuetheireducation,whilethepiechartshowsthepublicopinionregardingthefundingofadulteducation.Accordingtothebarchart,40%oftherespondentsmentioned“interestinthesubject”asthereasontheydecidedtogobacktoschool.Thisfactorwasfollowedcloselybytheaimtogainqualificationat38%.Ontheotherhand,only9%ofthesurveyparticipantssaidthattheywenttoschoolinordertomeetmorepeople.Thisistheleastpopularreasonamongthe7given.Amongallthepeoplesurveyedregardingthefunding,40%ofthemthatthisadulteducationshouldbetheresponsibilityoftheindividual.Although35%ofthemthoughtthattheemployersshouldlendthehelpinghand,only25%agreedthatthetaxpayersshouldsharetheburden.Insummary,thesurveyshowedamixedopinionregardingthereasonsandthefundingforadultseducation.剑桥考官范文(篇三)Thefirstdiagramshowsthattherearefourmainstagesinthelifeofthesilkworm.Firstofall,eggsareproducedbythemothandittakestendaysforeacheggtobecomeasilkwormlarvathatfeedsonmulberryleaves.ThisarticleisfromLaokaoyawebsite.Thisstagelastsforuptosixweeksuntilthelarvaproducesacocoonofsilkthreadarounditself.Afteraperiodofaboutthreeweeks,theadultmothseventuallyemergefromthesecocoonsandthelifecyclebeginsagain.Thecocoonsaretherawmaterialusedfortheproductionofsilkcloth.Onceselected,theyareboiledinwaterandthethreadscanbeseparatedintheunwindingstage.Eachthreadisbetween300and900meterslong,whichmeanstheycanbetwistedtogether,dyedandthenusedtoproduceclothintheweavingstage.Overall,thediagramsshowthatthecocoonstageofthesilkwormcanbeusedtoproducesilkcloththroughaverysimpleprocess.剑桥考官范文(篇四)Topic:Yourecentlystartedworkinanewcompany.Writealettertoyourfriend.Inyourletter:ExplainwhyyouchangedjobsDescribeyournewjobTellhim/heryourothernews剑桥雅思小作文范文DearJenny,Ihopethisfindsyouandyourfamilywell,andIamsorryIhavenotbeenintouchrecently.Iamwritingnowtoletyouknowaboutmynewjob.YourememberthatIwasworkingforthatconstructioncompanyafewmilesoutsidethecity?Well,Ijustgotsofedupwithit-Iwasworkingreallylonghoursand,tobehonest,thepaywasnotgreat.SobasicallyIappliedforajobatanewinternationalcompanythatwaslookingforadminstaffforanewbranchinthecitycentre.Iwasabitnervousintheinterview,butintheendIgotajobasoneofthesenioradministrators.Iamsohappy!Thepayisbetter,theworkingconditionsaregreatandIdonothavetodrivetoworkanymore.Anyway,Ihavetostopnowbecausemysisterisstayingwithmeandhasbroughtmybabynephewtomeetme.Shesendsyoulotsofloveandisaskingwhenwecanallmeetup.Soon,Ihope.Withlove,Tina剑桥考官范文(篇五)YoudonotneedtowriteanyaddressesBeginyourletterasfollowsDear…………DearSam,LastweekIreceivedyourletteraskingmewhetheryoushouldseekoutemploymentopportunitiesorenrollinafull-timecollegeprogram.Inmyopinion,tryingtofindajobisabetterchoiceforyou.Myconcernsaboutyourfinancialsituationaccountformyconvictionthatyouwillenjoyworkingmorethanattendingcollege.Withoutadequatefinancialresources,youwillnotbeabletocovertuitionfees,nottomentionthecostsoffoodandon-campusaccommodations.Additionally,workingwillallowyoutomakeyourcarpayment.IfIremembercorrectly,youboughtanexpensiveSUVtwomonthsago,andyouwillloseitifyoudonothavesufficientincometomakethemonthlypayment.IthinkyoushouldsendyourresumeandcoverlettertoPBLInc.,acompanyIknowislookingforconstructionestimators.Ibelieveyouwillhaveastrongcompetitiveedgesinceyouhaveworkedasapart-timelaboreronconstructionsitesinthepast.Thecompanyalsoprovidesnewemployeeswithacomprehensivetrainingcourseoncetheyarehired.Ifyouneedanyfurtherassistance,pleasegivemearingandletknow.BestPeter剑桥考官范文(篇六)Youshouldspendabout40minutesonthistask.Universitygraduatesreceivehighersalariesthanthosewhohavealowereducation.Therefore,somepeoplesaysuchstudentsshouldpayforalltheirtuitionfees.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Youshouldwriteatleast250wordsYoushoulduseyourownideasofknowledgeandexperienceandsupportyourargumentswithexamplesandrelevantevidence.Somepeopleassertthatgovernmentshouldberesponsibleforthefulltuitionofcollegestudentsbecausetheyarethecreamofsocietyandcontributemuchtothesociety.Thisargumentistruetosomedegree.Nevertheless,therearemorereasonswhyuniversitystudentsshouldsupportthemselvesforthefulltuitionoftheirtertiaryeducation.Firstofall,itcanensurethequalityofcollegeeducation.Comparedwiththeelementaryandsecondaryeducation,thecollegeeducationisoperatinginaquitedifferentsystem,whichcoversagreatvarietyofresearchingfieldsandinvolvesnumerousdistinguishedprofessorsandprojects.Inotherwords,itneedsagreatsumofmoney.Ifthiscomplicatedsystemissupportedbythenationwithoutmuchincomefromthebeneficiaries(thecollegestudents),itwillexertveryheavypressureonthecountry’seconomy.Ifthegovernmentisunabletoinvestenoughmoneyonuniversityeducationbecauseofthelimitedbudget,thequalityofeducationwillbeundermined.Inthesecondplace,itisaquitefairpractice.Mostofthecountriesintheworldaresupportingtheelementaryandsecondaryeducation,whichisreasonablesincethecitizensshouldbeencouragedtoreceivebasiceducationandwhichisadvantageousforthedevelopmentofthenation.However,itisunnecessarythatallthecitizensgotocolleges.Somehighschoolleaversgiveuptheirfurtherstudybecausetheyhavetheirownlifeaim.Thatistosay,goingtouniversityisatotallypersonalchoice.Thereforeitisunreasonablethatthepeoplewhomakesuchchoicepayforit.Fromtheaboveviews,Iholdtheopinionthatcollegestudentsshouldpayforthefulltuition,whichcanbothguaranteethequalityofhighereducationandbeareasonablepractice.(291words)剑桥考官范文(篇七)是的，所有剑桥后面的考官范文都是雅思写作最好的作文范本范文如下：happinessisverydifficulttodefine,becauseitmeanssomanydifferentthingstodifferentsomepeoplelinkhappinesstowealthandmaterialsuccess,othersthinkitliesinemotionsandlovingpersonalothersthinkthatspiritualpaths,ratherthaneitherthematerialworldorrelationshipswithpeople,aretheonlywaytotruepeopleinterprethappinessforthemselvesinsomanydifferenways,itisdifficulttogiveanydefinitionthatisturefortherearedifferentkindsofhappinessfordifferentindividualsthenthefirststepinachievingitwouldbetohaveadegreeofpersonneedstoknowwhoheorsheisbeforebeingabletoknowwhatitisthatmakeshimorhercourse,factorssuchaslovingrelationships,goodhealth,theskilltoearnalivingandapeacefulenvironmentallcontributetoourhappinessthisdoesnotmeanthatpeoplewithouttheseconditionscannotbethinkanabilitytokeepclearperspectivesinlifeisamoreessentialfactorinachievingthatimeananabilitytohaveaclearsenseofwhatisimportantinourlives(thewelfareofourfamilies,thequalityofourrelationships,makingotherpeoplehappy,etc.)andwhatisnot(aproblematwork,gettingannoyedabouttrivialthings,etc.).入的哦，希望对你有所帮助剑桥考官范文(篇八)Topic:Yourneigbourshaverecentlywrittentoyoutocomplainaboutthenoisefromyourhouse/flat.Writealettertoyourfriend.Inyourletter:ExplainthereasonsforthenoiseApologiseDescribewhatactionyouwilltake剑桥雅思小作文范文DearJames,Iwasveryshockedtogetyourlettersayingthatthenoisefrommyflathasbeenspoilingyoureveningsandcausingyousomedistress.Iamreally,reallysorryaboutthat.Ihadnoideathatyouwouldbeabletohearsomuch,soIhopeyouwillacceptmyapologies.Asyoumayhaveguessed,IamtryingtorefitmykitchenintheeveningswhenIgethomefromwork.UnfortunatelyitisalltakinglongerthanexpectedandIhavebeenhavingproblemswithgettingthingstofitproperly.Thishasmeantalotofbangingandhammering.Asthekitchenisstillnotfinished,Ihavedecidedtocallinaprofessionalbuilderwhowillfinishtheworkinthenextdayortwo.Hewillworkonlyduringdaytimehours,soyouwon’tbedisturbedintheeveningsagain,Ipromise.Sorrytohavecausedtheseproblems.Bill.剑桥考官范文(篇九)Task：Somepeoplesaythatplayingcomputergamesisbadforchildrenineveryaspect.Otherssaythatplayingcomputergamescanhavepositiveeffectsonthewaychildrendevelop.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.Sampleanswer：Inrecentyears,theprevalenceofcomputergameshasexertedasignificanteffectonchildren'slife.Astowhethertheyaffectchildrennegatively,thereisanendlessdebate.Despitethefactthatplayingcomputergamesisaneffectivewaytorelievetheproblemsassociatedwithstudyandhealthcannotbeneglected.Clearly,playingcomputergamesisregardedasamainfactortopooracademicperformance.Withtheentertainingnature,gameswilleasilydistractchildrenfromtheirstudiouspursuits.Withthepassageoftime,childrenwillprobablyfallbehindtheirpeersinacademicdevelopment.Inaddition,whenchildrenspendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames,theyarelesslikelytoparticipateinphysicalactivities,whichisonereasonwhymanychildrensufferfromobesity.Asaresult,theseoverweightchildren’sconfidencemaybeunderminedandtheirhealthmaybenegativelyinfluencedaswell.Despitethesedisadvantages,theadvantagescanstillnotbeFirstofall,thelatestresearchshowsthatgame-playinghelpschildrentohonetheircommunicationandinterpersonalskills.Inmanycases,playersworktogetherinteamstoachievegoals,competingagainstotherplayers.Therefore,theirsocialskillsandteamworkspiritareputtothetest.Also,computergamescanhavepositiveandtherapeuticeffectsonplayers.Gamesprovideanopportunityforchildrentodecompressandtuneoutofstrainsandstressesofeverydaylife.Givingtheirmindtimetorestisforemotionalandmentalwell-being.Inconclusion,itisnotadvisableforchildrentoplaycomputergames,forthereasonsthatitnotonlyhasanegativeimpactontheirstudy,butalsomakesthemloseconfidence,althoughgamesprovideaformofrelaxation.剑桥考官范文(篇十)Thebarchartshowsthepercentageofservicesarrivingontimefrom1999to2003.Fromthechart,onepatternshowsthattheactualpercentageexceededtargetpercentageonlyin2003,andthehighestactualpercentageoccurred1999andlowestoccurred2000.In5yearsthetendencyoftargetpercentagewasdecreasingwhiletheactualpercentagefluctuated.Accordingtothefirstchart,theyear2000hadaboutdifferencebetweenactualandtargetwhichisthehighestdisparity,andtheyear2003hadthelowestgapofabouttheactualovertarget.Fromthesec