关于物理的常用词汇

关于物理的常用词汇据360教育集团介绍：absoluteacceleration绝对加速度absoluteerror绝对误差absolutemotion绝对运动absolutetemperature绝对温度absolutevelocity绝对速度absolutezero绝对零度absorption吸收absorptivity吸收率acceleratedmotion加速运动accelerationofgravity重力加速度acceleration加速度accidentalerror偶然误差acoustics声学actingforce作用力adjustment调节aether以太airpump抽气机airtable气垫桌airtrack气垫导轨alternatingcurrentcircuit交流电路alternatingcurrentgenerator交流发电机alternatingcurrent交流电altimeter测高仪ammeter安培计amperemeter电流计ampere安培Ampere‘sexperiment安培实验Ampere’sforce安培力Ampere‘slaw安培定律amperemeter安培计amplitude振幅angleofrotation自转角，转动角angularacceleration角加速度angulardisplacement角位移angularvelocity角速度anion负离子anisotropy各向异性annihilation湮没anode阳极antenna天线appliedphysics应用物理学Archimedesprinciple阿基米德原理area面积argumentation论证argument辐角astigmatoscope散光镜atomicnucleus原子核atomicphysics原子物理学atomicspectrum原子光谱atomicstructure原子结构atom原子Atwood’smachine阿特伍德机averagepower平均功率averagevelocity平均速度Avogadroconstant阿伏加德罗常数Avogadrolaw阿伏加德罗定律balance天平ballisticgalvanometer冲击电流计bandspectrum带状谱barometer气压计basicquantity基本量basicunits基本单位batterycharger电池充电器battery,accumulator蓄电池battery电池组beam光束betatron电子感应加速器Bohratommodel玻尔原子模型boilingpoint沸点boiling沸腾bounce反弹boundcharge束缚电荷boundelectron束缚电子branchcircuit支路breakdown击穿brightness亮度buoyancyforce浮力calorifics热学camera照相机capacitance电容capacitor电容器capillarity毛细现象cathoderay阴极射线cathode-raytube阴极射线管cathode阴极cation正离子cell电池Celsiusscale摄氏温标centreofgravity重心centreofmass质心centrifugalforce离心力centripetalacceleration向心加速度centripetalforce向心力chainreaction链式反应chaos混沌characteristicspectrum特征光谱chargedbody带电体chargedparticle带电粒子charge充电circularholediffraction圆孔衍射circularmotion圆周运动classicalmechanics经典力学classicalphysics经典物理学cloudchamber云室coefficientofmaximumstaticfriction最大静摩摩系数coefficientofrestitution恢复系数coefficientofslidingfriction滑动摩擦系数coefficient系数coherentlight相干光源coil线圈collision碰撞componentforce分力componentvelocity分速度compositionofforces力的合成compositionofvelocities速度的合成compression压缩concavelens凹透镜concavemirror凹面镜concurrentforce共点力condensation凝结condenser电容器conductingmedium导电介质conductor导体conservativeforcefield保守力场conservativeforce保守力constantforce恒力constant常量continuousspectrum连续谱convergentlens会聚透镜convexlens凸透镜convexmirror凸面镜coordinatesystem坐标系coplanarforce共面力Corolisforce科里奥利力corpuscularproperty粒子性corpusculartheory微粒说Coulombforce库仑力coulomb库仑Coulomb‘slaw库仑定律counter计数器creation产生creepage漏电crest波峰criticalangle临界角criticalresistance临界电阻criticaltemperature临界温度crystal晶体currentdensity电流密度currentelement电流元currentsource电流源currentstrength电流强度curvilinearmotion曲线运动cyclotron回旋加速器dampedvibration阻尼振动damping阻尼Daniellcell丹聂耳电池dataprocessing数据处理data数据decay衰变definitionofampere安培的定义defocusing散集density密度derivedquantity导出量derivedunit导出单位dielectric电介质diffractionpattern衍射图样diffraction衍射diffusereflection漫反射digitaltimer数字计时器dimensionalexponent量纲指数dimension量纲diode二级管diopter屈光度directcurrent,DC直流directimpact正碰directmeasurement直接测量discharge放电disorder无序dispersion色散displacement位移divergentlens发散透镜Dopplereffect多普勒效应doubleslitdiffraction双缝衍射drivingforce驱动力drycell干电池echo回声eddycurrent涡流effectivevalue有效值elasticbody弹性体elasticforce弹［性］力elasticity弹性electriccharge电荷electriccircuit电路electriccorona电晕electricenergy电能electricfield电场electricfieldintensity电场强度electricfieldline电场线electricflux电通量electricleakage漏电electricneutrality电中性electricpotential电位，电势electricpotentialdifference电位差，电势差electricpotentialenergy电位能electricpower电功率electricquantity电量electrification起电electrificationbyfriction摩擦起电electrifiedbody带电体electrode电极electrolysis电解electrolyte电解质electromagneticdamping电磁阻尼electromagneticinduction电磁感应electromagneticradiation电磁辐射electromagneticwave电磁波electromagneticwavespectrum电磁波谱electromagnetisminductionphenomenon电磁感应现象electromagnet电磁体electrometer静电计electromotiveforce电动势electron电子electronbeam电子束electroncloud电子云electronmicroscope电子显微镜electronvolt电子伏特electroscope验电器electrostaticequilibrium静电平衡electrostaticinduction静电感应electrostaticscreening静电屏蔽elementarycharge基本电荷，元电荷energy能量energylevel能级equilibrium平衡equilibriumcondition平衡条件equilibriumofforces力的平衡equilibriumposition平衡位置equilibriumstate平衡态equivalentsourcetheorem等效电源定理erectimage正像error误差ether以太evaporation蒸发excitation激发excitationstate激发态experiment实验experimentalphysics实验物理学externalforce外力eyepiece目镜farsight远视Faradaycylinder法拉第圆筒Faradaylawofelectromagneticinduction法拉第电磁感应定律Faraday’slawofelectromagneticinduct法拉第电磁感应定律farad法拉(电容的单位)filminterference薄膜干涉finalvelocity末速度firstcosmicvelocity第一宇宙速度fission裂变fixed-axisrotation定轴转动flotationbalance浮力秤fluid流体focallength焦距focusing调焦，聚焦focus焦点force力forcedvibration受迫振动fractal分形freecharge自由电荷freeelectron自由电子freeperiod自由周期freezingpoint凝固点frequency频率frictionforce摩擦力fusion聚变galvanometer电流计gas气体generalphysics普通物理学generator发电机goodconductor良导体gravitation引力gravity重力gravitationalpotentialenergy重力势能gravityfield重力场groundearth接地groundstate基态groundwire地线hadron强子halflifeperiod半衰期heat热heattransfer传热henry亨利hertz赫兹(频率的单位)Hookelaw胡克定律humidity湿度hydrogen氢原子hypothesis假设icepoint冰点idealgas理想气体image像imagedistance像距imageheight像高imaging成像imperfectinelasticcollision非完全弹性碰撞impulse冲量incidentangle入射角incidentray入射线indirectmeasurement间接测量inducedelectriccurrent感应电流inducedelectricfield感应电场inductioncurrent感应电流inductionelectromotiveforce感应电动势inductionmotor感应电动机inertia惯性inertialforce惯性力inertialsystem惯性系infraredray红外线infrasonicwave次声波initialphase初位相initialvelocity初速度input输入instantaneouspower瞬时功率instantaneousvelocity瞬时速度instrument仪器insulatedconductor绝缘导体insulatingmedium绝缘介质insulator绝缘体intensityofsound声强interference干涉interferencefringe干涉条纹interferencepattern干涉图样interferometer干涉仪internalenergy内能internalforce内力internalresistance内阻intonation声调invertedimage倒像invisiblelight不可见光ionbeam离子束ionization电离irreversibleprocess不可逆过程isobaricprocess等压过程isobar等压线isochoricprocess等体积过程isothermal等温线isothermalprocess等温过程isotope同位素isotropy各向同性joule焦耳（功的单位）Jouleheat焦耳热Joulelaw焦耳定律Joule‘law焦耳定律Keplerlaw开普勒定律kinematics运动学kineticenergy动能Laplace’sequation拉普拉斯方程laser激光，激光器law定律lawofconservationofangularmomentum角动量守恒定律lawofconservationofenergy能量守恒定律lawofconservationofmass质量守恒定律lawofconservationofmechanicalenergy机械能守恒定律lawofconservationofmomentum动量守恒定律lawofelectricchargeconservation电荷守恒定律LeSystèmeInternationald`Unitès国际单位制(SI)lead导线length长度lens透镜lensformula透镜公式Lenz‘slaw楞次定律lepton轻子Lightray光线lightsource光源lightwave光波lightningrod避雷针light光linespectrum线状谱linesofcurrent电流线linesofforceofelectricfield电力线liquefaction液化liquefactionpoint液化点liquid液体longitudinalwave纵波loop回路Lorentzforce洛仑兹力luminousintensity发光强度magneticfield磁场magneticfieldintensity磁场强度magneticfieldline磁场线magneticinductionflux磁感应通量magneticinduction磁感应强度magneticinductionline磁感应线magneticmaterial磁性材料magneticneedle磁针magneticpole磁极magnetics磁学magnetism磁学magnetization磁化magnet磁体magnification放大率magnifier放大镜，放大器manometer流体压强计mass质量massdefect质量亏损mass-energyequation质能方程matter物质matterwave物质波Maxwell’sequations麦克斯韦方程组meanspeed平均速率meanvelocity平均速度measurement测量mechanicalenergy机械能mechanicalmotion机械运动mechanicalvibration机械振动mechanics力学medium介质meltingfusion熔化meltingpoint熔点metrerule米尺microdetector灵敏电流计micrometercaliper螺旋测微器microscope显微镜microscopicparticle微观粒子mirrorreflection镜面反射mirror镜mixedunitsystem混合单位制modernphysics现代物理学molarvolume摩尔体积molecularspectrum分子光谱molecularstructure分子结构momentofforce力矩momentumofelectromagneticfield电磁场的动量momentum动量motor电动机multimeter多用［电］表musicalquality音色Npole北极naturalfrequency固有频率naturallight自然光negativecharge负电荷negativecrystal负晶体negativeion负离子negativeplate负极板network网络neutralization中和neutron中子newton牛顿（力的单位）Newtonfirstlaw牛顿第一定律Newtonsecondlaw牛顿第二定律Newtonthirdlaw牛顿第三定律nonequilibriumstate非平衡态northpole北极nucleusforce核力nucleusofcondensation凝结核object物objectdistance物距objectheight物高objective物镜observation观察Oersted‘sexperiment奥斯特实验ohm欧姆Ohmlaw欧姆定律ohmmeter欧姆计Ohm’slaw欧姆定律opencircuit开路opticalbench光具座opticalcentreoflens透镜光心opticalfiber光导纤维opticalglass光学玻璃opticalinstrument光学仪器opticallever光杠杆opticalpathdifference光程差opticalpath光程(路)opticallydensermedium光密介质opticallythinnermedium光疏介质optics光学orbit轨道order有序oscillograph示波器output输出overweight超重parallelconnectionofcondensers电容器的并联parallelogramrule平行四边形定律parallel-resonancecircuit并联谐振电路parameter参量particle质点，粒子Pascallaw帕斯卡定律path路程peak峰值pendulum摆penumbra半影perfectconductor理想导体perfectelasticcollision完全弹性碰撞perfectinelasticcollision完全非弹性碰撞periodicity周期性period周期periscope潜望镜permanentmagnet永磁体permittivityofvacuum真空介电常数permittivity电容率phase位相phenomenon现象photocurrent光电流photoelectriccell光电管photoelectriceffect光电效应photoelectron光电子photography照相术photon光子physicalbalance物理天平physicalquantity物理量physics物理学piezometer压强计pitch音调Planckconstant普朗克常量plasma等离子体pointcharge点电荷polarization偏振polarizedlight偏振光polycrystal多晶体poorconductor不良导体positivecharge正电荷positivecrystal正晶体positiveion正离子positiveplate正极板positron正电子potentialenergy势能potentiometer电位差计power功率pressure压强，压力primarycoil原线圈principleofconstancyoflightvelocity光速不变原理prism棱镜projectile抛体projectilemotion抛体运动projector投影仪proton质子pulley滑轮pulleyblock滑轮组quantityofheat热量quantization量子化quantum量子quantummechanics量子力学quantumnumber量子数radar雷达radioactivesource放射源radiusofgyration回旋半径randommotion无规则运动range量程ratedvoltage额定电压reactingforce反作用力realimage实像realobject实物reasoning推理recoil反冲rectilinearmotion直线运动referenceframe参考系，坐标系referencesystem参考系reflectedangle反射角reflectedray反射线reflectioncoefficient反射系数reflectionlaw反射定律reflectivity反射率refractedangle折射角refractedray折射线refractionlaw折射定律refractioncoefficient折射系数refractiveindex折射率relativeacceleration相对加速度relativeerror相对误差relativemotion相对运动relativevelocity相对速度relativity相对论resistance电阻resistancebox电阻箱resistivity电阻率resistor电阻［器］resolutionofforce力的分解resolutionofvelocity速度的分解resonance共振，共鸣resonantfrequency共振频率resultantforce合力resultantvelocity合速度reversibilityofopticalpath光路可逆性reversibleprocess可逆过程rheostat变阻器right-handscrewrule右手螺旋定则rocker火箭rotatingmagneticfield旋转磁场rotation自转，转动Rutherfordscattering卢瑟福散射Rutherford［α-particlescattering］experiment卢瑟福［α散射］实验Spole南极saturation饱和scalar标量scalarfield标量场scanner扫描器secondcosmicvelocity第二宇宙速度selectiveabsorption选择吸收self-inducedelectromotiveforce自感电动势self-inductance自感self-inductionphenomenon自感系数semiconductor半导体semi-transparentfilm半透膜sensitivegalvanometer灵敏电流计sensitivity灵敏度sensitometer感光计sensor传感器seriesconnectionofcondensers电容器的串联series-resonancecircuit串联谐振电路shortcircuit短路shortsight近视shuntresistor分流电阻significantfigure有效数字simpleharmonicmotion(SHM)简谐运动simpleharmonicwave简谐波simplependulum单摆singlecrystal（monocrystal）单晶体singleslitdiffraction单缝衍射sinusoidalalternatingcurrent简谐交流电sinusoidalcurrent正弦式电流slidingfriction滑动摩擦slit狭缝solarcell太阳能电池solenoid螺线管solidification凝固solidifyingpoint凝固点solid固体solution溶液solvation溶解sonar声纳soundsource声源soundvelocity声速soundwave声波sound声［音］source电源southpole南极space空间sparkdischarge火花放电specialrelativity狭义相对论specificheatcapacity比热容spectacles眼镜spectralanalysis光谱分析spectralline［光］谱线spectrograph摄谱仪spectrography摄谱学spectroscopy光谱学spectrum光谱speed速率sphericalmirror球面镜spontaneousradiation自发辐射springbalance弹簧秤stability稳定性stabilizedcurrentsupply稳流电源stabilizedvoltagesupply稳压电源standardatmosphericpressure标准大气压standardcell标准电池standingwave驻波staticfriction静摩擦stationarystate定态steadycurrent恒定电流steadycurrentsource恒流源steadyvoltagesource恒压源steampoint汽点stiffness劲度［系数］stimulatedradiation受激辐射stopwatch停表sublimation升华superconductivity超导［电］性superconductor超导体superpositionprincipleofelectricfield电场强度叠加原理superpositiontheorem叠加定律supersaturation过度饱和supersonicspeed超声速supersonicwave超声波supplytransformer电源变压器surfaceresistance表面电阻switch开关systemofconcurrentforces共点力系systemofparticles质点系systemofunits单位制systematicerror系统误差telescope望远镜temperature温度tension张力thelawofgravity万有引力定律theorem原理theoremofkineticenergy动能定理theoremofmomentum动量定理theoreticalphysics理论物理学theory理论thermalcapacity热容［量］thermalequilibrium热平衡thermalmotion热运动thermal