全新大学英语综合教程3-U8课文翻译

HumanCloning:AScientist'sStoryIwasextremelyclosewithmymotherallmylife.Shewasabrillianteducator,writerandwonderfulwoman.Sadly,shedevelopedcomplicationsrelatedtodiabetes.Whenshelosthereyesightandmostofherabilitytowalk,itwasabsolutelyhorrifyingforme.Shepassedawayfromafallsevenoreightyearsago.Atherfuneral,IsworethatonedayI'ddosomethingaboutconditionslikehers.我一生与母亲无比亲密。她是一位卓越的教育家、作家，是一位了不起的女士。不幸的是，YearspassedandIreadabouttheworktheSouthKoreanshaddonewithstemcells.In2004and2005Hwangfraudulentlyreportedthathehadsucceededincreatinghumanembryonicstemcellsbycloning.20042005黄禹锡谎称他已通过克隆技术成功地培养出人类胚胎干细胞。Backthenitwasn'tknownitwasafraud,soitwasveryexcitingtothinkthatalonglistofdiseasescouldbetreated.当时人们并不知道那是造假，所以想到一长串疾病有望得到医治，人们兴奋不已。IfoundedthestemcellresearchcompanyStemagenwithanothergentlemanwhosefatherhaddiedofALS.Wewentoutfordrinksonenightandwestartedtalkingaboutourparents.Wewantedtodosomethingthatwouldbealegacyforthem.我与另一位先生共同创建了斯塔摩根干细胞研究公司（脊髓）身后留下的遗产。ForBetterOrWorse?是福是祸？ThemomentwedecidedtostartStemagen,Ireadalltherewastoreadaboutthevariouscloningeffortsinthepast.TheclonedsheepDollyin1997wasveryinteresting,butatthatstagepeoplewerenotfocusingonthestemcellaspectofcloning;theywerefocusingonthereproductivepossibilitiesofcloning.1997层面，而是其无性繁殖的可能性问题。Humanreproductivecloningisjustsimplywrongethicallyfromamedicalstandpointandascientificstandpoint,evenignoringanyreligiousissuesassociatedwithit.Thereasonisthatthemajorityofreproductiveclonesinotherspeciesareactuallyabnormal,withveryhighmiscarriagerates,veryhighstillbirthrates,fetalanomalies,deathsoonafterbirth,etcetera.Itwouldjustbeabsolutelywrongtotakeahumanbeingandputthemthroughwhatmaywellinvolvesignificantsufferingforreallynogoodend.Eventhoughpeoplecouldtakethetechniquesthatwe'vedevelopedandattempttodoit(orperhapsevenbesuccessfuldoingit),wehopethattheywouldnot.那样做。Ontheotherhand,therapeuticcloningdoesnotinvolveanytypeofrisktohumanlifeandactuallyprovidestremendouspotentialforthereliefofsufferinginrealhumanbeingswhoaregoingthroughsomeawfulthings.的人们提供缓解痛苦的极大的可能性。I'mapurescientistinsomeways,andIknowthatmanydifferentstudiesorfindingscouldbeusedforevil.Ourjobasscientistsistomakethemostofthistechnologyandmakeitavailabletothegreatestnumberofotherscientistswhocanhelpusdogoodthingswithit.There'sreallynoeffectivewayforanindividualscientisttostopsomeoneelsefromusingtheknowledgeforsomethingtheyshouldn't.在某种程度上，我是一个纯粹的科学家，可我知道种种研究或发现可能被用来做邪恶之事。在他们不该用的地方。Weneedtobehonestaboutthetechniquesthatweused.Theyneedtobeabletobereplicatedbyotherpeople,andso,weareprovidingaroadmap.Iwouldhopethatthelegislationthat'sinplaceandthegreatpublicdisapprovalthatwouldresultfromanyattempttocloneahumanwoulddissuadeanyonefromgoingdownthatpath.企图的人走那条路。Whatisittheysay?Thereisnotechnologythathasn'tbeenusedforsomeevilpurposeatsomepoint.QuitehonestlyIdothinkthatsomeonewillattempthumanreproductivecloning.Idothinkit'sinevitable,andit'svirtuallyimpossibletolegislatethataway.他们是怎么说的？他们说没有一项技术不曾在某个时候为了某种罪恶目的而被利用过通过立法加以阻止。ClaimtoFame出名Iamspokenofasthefirstmanto"clonehimself."Therearedifferenttypesofcloning.Atthecellularlevel,yes,it'strueIamthefirstmantoclonehimself.Wethoughtagreatdealabouthowtodealwiththeissueofwhosecellsweshoulduseandwhetherweshouldlettheworldandthescientificcommunityknowwhothefirstcellularclonewas.Intheendwedecidedthatwewantedtoputahumanfaceoncloning.最终，我们决定要让克隆体人性化。Ididn'tanticipateitwouldcreatethefirestormofcontroversythatit'screated,butI'mstillgladwewentdownthatpath.Wereceivedthousandsofe -mailsandphonecallsfrompeoplewhoneedhelp.从需要帮助的人们那里收到了成千上万的电子邮件和电话。Ithinkbycomingforwardandputtingafacetoitwemadeitveryreal,andnowpeoplearoundtheworldknowthatcloningishere.Ibelievethatverysoonitwillbeusedtherapeutically,soIthinkourpurposewasserved.克隆来了。我相信不久克隆技术将被用于治疗疾病，所以我认为我们的目的达到了。PureScience纯科学Whathappensisaninformedandconsentingwomandonatesaneggandweremovehergeneticmaterialfromtheegg.Thenweplaceasingleskincellinsidethategg.料，然后把单个皮肤细胞置入这个卵子。Whatwe'rereallyinterestediniscreatingdisease-specificandperson-specificstemcelllines.Theprocedureoftakingcellsfromapersontakesnomorethanaminuteortwo.Youcantakesomeskincellsfromthearm,forexample,andinonetotwominutes,youcangetthecellsthatyouneedtocarryoutthisprocess.我们真正感兴趣的是建立特定疾病及特定个体的干细胞系列过程所需的细胞。Thisprocessenablesustostudythecausesofspecificdiseases,suchasAlzheimer'sDisease,ALSorParkinson'sDisease,andthenresearchavarietyoftreatmentsforthesediseases.Ifthestemcelllinesarecreatedforanygivenindividualandarelatertransplantedbackintotheindividual,theywillnotberejectedbytheindividual.（脊髓个体而培育的，然后又被移植回那个个体，它们就不会遭排异。SweetSuccess甜蜜的成功IalwaysthoughtthatwhenourresearchwassuccessfulIwouldjustbepleasedthatwehadaccomplishedthiswhenothershadnot.Inreality,itistranscendent—whenyoulookthroughthemicroscope,youseewhatyoumayhavelookedlikealongtimeago,atleastinpart.WhenIlookeddownandsawthatclonedblastocyst,itbroughttearstomyeyes. Ihadthisformymother,andIrealized,hadsheonlybeenabletoliveafewyearslonger,maybewecouldhaveusedthistechnologytohelpher.Itwasemotionalto seethatpotential,whichsheneverhadachancetoexperience.当我低下头看到克隆出的胚泡时，不由得泪水盈眶。我是为母亲而做这一研究的There'sabigmisconceptionouttherethatwedecidedtodestroytheseembryosfor somereason. Therewassomuchskepticismaboutthisprocessbecauseofthescientificfraudfromthepastthatitwascriticalthattherebenodoubtthattheywereclones.我们出于某种原因决定毁掉这些克隆胚胎人们对于我们的研究过程抱有诸多怀疑，所以确保它们确系克隆胚胎是至关重要的。Intheprocessofanalysis,theembryosweredestroyedbynecessity.Inotherwords,togetthegeneticmaterialfrominsidethecellstoanalyzeit,youhavetodestroythecell.Wewouldhavelovedtohavebeenabletoavoiddestroyingthem.在分析的过程中，我们必须毁掉那些胚胎。换句话说，从细胞里提取遗传物质进行分析，你只得毁坏细胞。我们多么希望能够避免毁掉它们啊。Nowwe'reworkingfull-timeoncreatingstemcelllines,andpeoplearewatchingwithgreatinterest.目前我们正夜以继日地培育干细胞系列，人们也饶有兴趣地关注着这项工作的进展。ThePopeAndThePresident教皇和总统Thereareavarietyofopponentstoourwork.我们的工作遭到各方人士的反对。WewerecondemnedbytheVaticanandmentionedinanegativelightinPresidentBush'sStateoftheUnionaddress.Inasenseit'san