高考英语二轮复习：语法-虚拟语气学案（无答案）

TheSubjunctiveMood一、语气及其种类1.语气（mood）语气是一种动词形式，表示讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。可分为下列三种：1）陈述语气（indicativemood）表示讲话人认为他所说的话是一个事实。Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion．2）祈使语气（imperativemood）表示讲话人对对方的请求或命令。Don'tbelateforclass．3）虚拟语气（subjunctivemood）是一种特殊的谓语动词形式，表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。虚拟语气的应用※虚拟语气在条件句中的应用1.与现在事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：IfIhadamapIwouldlendittoyou．IfIknewhernumberIcouldringherup．总结结构：______________________________________2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwould(might)havecaughtthetrain.Ifhehadtakenmyadvicehewouldhavebeenarichman．总结结构：______________________________________3.表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：Ifhecametomorrow,wecouldaskhim.Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theywouldnotgoout.总结结构：______________________________________注意：1.WereItwentynow,Iwouldjointhearmy.Hadwemadeagreateffort,wemighthavesucceeded.ShouldMr.Whitecall,whatwouldyousay?Wereitnotforyourhelp，hecouldnevergotocollege构成倒装的几种结构总结：______________________________________2.其他情况下的虚拟Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp，hecouldneverhavegonetocollege．Withoutelectricityhumanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.Theshipwouldhavesunkwithallonboardbutfortheeffortsofthecaptain.Ithoughtyouwouldremainthereforawhileaftertheconference.OtherwiseIwouldn’thaveboughtyouasingleticket.Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,or(else)Iwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthewassobusyatthattime.3.如果从句与主句的动作不是同时发生的，其谓语动词的形式分别据各自表示的时间加以调整。如：Ifithadn’trained,thegroundwouldn’tbewetnow.Ifthedoctorhadn’ttriedtheirbesttosaveyou,youwouldn’tbestandingherenow.※.wish+that从句表示现在的事实相反IwishIwereyou.表示对过去的事实相反IwishIhadbeenmorecarefulindoingtheexperiment.与将来事实相反Iwishhewouldtryagain.总结结构：_____________________________________________________类似用法________________________________________________________注意wish与hope的区别。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，而hope后的宾语从句要用陈述语气。IwishIcouldcometomorrow.IhopeIcancometomorrow.但如果不定式做宾语时，则意思上无区别。Ihopetoseeyou．（Iwishtoseeyou．）※wouldrather+从句与现在或将来事实相反Hewouldratherhischildrendidn’tmakesomuchnoise.与过去相反I’dratheryouhadn’tdonethat.总结结构：_____________________________________________________3.I’dliketohavegonetouniversity.(=IwishIhadgonetouniversity)真希望自己上过大学。would(should)like(love)tohavedone表示______________※.建议命令要求在含有________（一坚持）_______,_________(二命令)_______,_________,_________(三建议)_________,_________,_________,_________(四要求)等动词后的宾语从句及其后面的同位语从句（如：order,suggestion,advise）。That从句中的动词谓语要用（________）+动词原形。如：Iinsistthathe(should)getridofthebadhabit.Iagreetohissuggestionthattheproblem(should)besolvedatonce.※.表态句(Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange/odd/essential,vital,etc.)之后that从句中的动词谓于常用（should）+动词原形。如：Itisnecessarythatyou(should)bepresentatthemeeting.Itisapity/ashame/nowonder…之后也常用虚拟语气，从句动词谓语同上。不过，有时也可用陈述语气。如：Itisapitythatyoushouldhavemissedsuchachance.Itisapitythatwehadtodoit.Itisnowonderyouwerelate---youateyourbreakfastsoslowly.※时间句（Itistime…）Itistimethatwewent/shouldgotobed.Itis(high/about)time….后面的谓语动词通常用过去时，有时也可用_______或者________。※.在wouldyoumind+if从句中用过去时态。WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow.结构总结：_______________比较：DoyoumindifIsmoke?_________________________※情态动词中的虚拟语气本应该做某事而没做_________________________本能做某事而没做______________本可以做某事而没做_________________________本不应该做某事而做了_______________Would/shouldliketohavedonesth.___________________虚拟语气高考真题解析1.Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe__itwithoutyou。A.canmanage

B.couldhavemanaged

C.couldmanage

D.canhavemanaged2.—IwishI________themeeting。—Butyoudidn’t。A．attendedB．wouldattendC．haveattendedD．hadattended.3.—Whydidn’tyoucometoMike'sbirthdaypartyyesterday?—Well,I________,butIforgotit。A.shouldhave

B.must

C.should

D.musthave4.I____togoforawalk,butsomeonecalledandIcouldn’tgetway。A.wasplanning

B.hadplanned

C.planned

D.wouldplan5.Iwouldlike_______youtomybirthdayparty,butIwasbusyandforgottocallyou。A.toinvite

B.inviting

C.tohaveinvited

D.havinginvited6.—Didyouvisitthefamousculturalrelicslastmonth?—No,we_____visitedit,butwespenttoomuchtimeshopping。A.couldhave

B.musthave

C.canhave

D.oughttohave7.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I_____thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon8.Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathe

itdifferently.A.couldexpress

B.wouldexpressC.couldhaveexpressed

D.musthaveexpressed9.Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe______itwithoutyou.A.canmanage

B.couldhavemanaged

C.couldmanage

D.canhavemanaged10.Whatapity!Consideringhisabilityandexperience,he________better.A.needhavedoneB.musthavedoneC.canhavedoneD.mighthavedone11.Theteacher_______havethoughtJohnsonwasworthitorshewouldn'thavewastedtimeonhim,Isuppose.A.shouldB.canC.wouldD.must12.Itoldyourfriendhowtogettothehotel,butperhapsIhavedrivenherthere.A.could B.must C.night D.should13.______fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube14.He_____havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.A.shouldB.must C.wouldn’tD.can’t15.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe______agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored16.Ifonlyhe____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie17.You___tothemeetingyesterday.Whatwasthereasonforyourabsence?

A.hadcome

B.came

C.wouldhavecome

D.shouldhavecome

18.“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”

“No,butIreallywishI___.”

A.had

B.did

C.have

D.will

19.

It’shightimethatwe___toschool.

A.

wouldto

B.

went

C.

go

D.

willgo

20.

I’dratheryou___rightaway.

A.

leave

B.

left

C.

willleave

D.

toleave

1.delightvt.Heisdelightingthecustomerswithhiswisdomandhumour.Hedelightedintheconversation.delightn.ThekidswerescreamingwithdelightTothedelightofhisproudp