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SplanchnologyDepartmentofAnatomydownSplanchnologyDepartmentofAna1Chapter4TheGeneralDescriptionDifinition:meansthestudyofviscera(alimentarysystem,respiratorysystem,urinarysystemandgenitalsystem)Association:
morphologylocationfunctionorigin
UpdownChapter4TheGeneralDescr2Ⅰ.ThegeneralstructureofvisceraⅠ)Thetubularorganmucosasubmucosamuscularcoatsserosa/adventitiaUpdownⅠ.Thegeneralstructureofv3Ⅱ)Theparenchymatousorganhilum/portaUpdownⅡ)TheparenchymatousorganUp4Ⅱ.ThereferencelineandabdominalregionsⅠ)
ThecommanusedreferencelinesofthethoraxAnteriormedianlineSternallineMidclavicularline
Parasternalline
UpdownⅡ.Thereferencelineandab5AnterioraxillarylinePosterioraxillarylineMidaxillarylineScapularlineParavertebrallinePosteriormedianlineUpdownAnterioraxillarylineUpdo6Ⅱ)Abdominalregions
QuadrantsNine-areamethodUpdownⅡ)AbdominalregionsUpdow7
Chapter5
TheAlimentarySystem
UpdownChapter5
TheAl8CompositionDigestivetube
MouthPharynxEsophagusStomach
SmallintestineLargeintestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
IleumSuperiordigestivetube
InferiordigestivetubeUpdownCompositionDigestivetubeMou9Digestiveglands
MajorsalivaryglandsLiverPancreas
Function:
ingestion,digestion,absorption,egestingUpdownDigestiveglandsMajorsalivar10Section1TheOralCavity
ConsistsoftwopartsOralvestibule:betweencheeksandlipandteethOralcavityproper:withinarchofteethUpdownSection1TheOralCavity11BoundariesAnteriorandlateral:gumandteethPosterior:isthmusoffaucesRoof:palateFloor:tongue,musclesandmucousmembraneOralvestibuleleads,bythespacebehindthemolarteeth,intotheoralcavityproperUpdownBoundariesUpdown12Ⅰ.OrallipsⅡ.CheekPapillaofparotidductUpdownⅠ.OrallipsⅡ.CheekUp13Ⅲ.Palate
TwopartsHardpalate:
anterior2/3,formedbythemaxillaandpalatineboneSoftpalate:
posterior1/3VelumpalatinumUvulaPalatoglossalarchPalatopharyngealarch
UpdownⅢ.PalateTwopartsUpdow14Isthmusoffauces
formedbyposteriorborderofvelumpalatinum,bothsideofpalatoglossalarches,androotoftongue.downUpIsthmusoffaucesformedbyp15Ⅳ.TeethⅠ)ClassificationandarrangementGeneralDeciduousfeaturesTwosets:
PermanentClassification:
IncisorsCaninePremolarsMolarsUpdownⅣ.TeethⅠ)Classificationand16Deciduousteeth:are20innumberTenteethineachmandibularandmaxillaryarchCentralincisor,lateralincisor,canine,firstmolarandsecondmolarineachquadrantUpperjawⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤtotal20Lowerjawin.in.can.mol.mol.Eruption:starsatabout6monthofageandcontinuestobeginningof3rdyearShedding:occursbetween6thand12thyearswithreplacementbypermanentteethUpdownDeciduousteeth:are20innum17UpdownUpdown18Permanentteeth(adult):
are32innumber
SixteenineachmandibularandmaxillaryarchTwoincisors,onecanine,twopremolars,andthreemolarsineachquadrant
Upperjaw12345678total32Lowerjaw
Firstpermanentmolar－appearsatabout6yearsThirdmolars(wisdomteeth)－manyeruptatanytimeafter12yearsofageornotatall(impaction).
UpdownPermanentteeth(adult):are319UpdownUpdown20Ⅱ)GeneraldescriptionEachtoothconsistsof3parts:CrownNeckRoot
Dentalcavity－containsconnectivetissue,bloodvesselsandnerves,andiscontinuouswiththeperiodontaltissuethroughtherootcanalandapicalforamen.UpdownⅡ)GeneraldescriptionUpd21Ⅲ)Calcifiedtissues
Dentine－isayellowishwhitetissue,thatformsthebulkoftooth.Enamel
－isahead,brittlewhitetissuethatcoversthecrownofthetoothCement
－isanunusualformofbonethatcoverstherootofthetoothⅣ)PeriodontaltissuePeriodontalmembraneAlveolarboneGum
UpdownⅢ)CalcifiedtissuesUp22Ⅴ.Tongue－muscularorganⅠ)MorphologyTwoparts:
dividedtwopartsbyv-shapedterminalsulcusBodyoftongue－ant2/3，apexoftongue－freeroundedtipRootoftongue－post1/3
Attheapexofterminalsulcusisasmallmedianpit,theforamencecumoftongueUpdownⅤ.Tongue－muscularorganⅠ)23Ⅱ)Lingualmucousmembrane
Papillaeoftongue
Filiformpapillae
fungiformpapillaefoliatepapillae
containtastebudsvallatepapillae
Lingualtonsil
－massesofsubmucosallymphoidtissueontherootoftongueUpdownⅡ)Lingualmucousmembrane24Inferiorsurfaceoftongue
Frenulumoftongue
－amidlinefoldofmucousmembraneconnectingtonguetofloorofmouthSublingualcaruncle
－smallelevationSublingualfold
UpdownInferiorsurfaceoftongueU25Ⅲ)Musclesoftongue
IntrinsicmusclesoftongueExtrinsicmusclesoftongue
Genioglossus
ArisesfrommentalspineofmandibleandinsertsintoeithersideofmidlineoftongueAction:actingtogetherdrawtongueforwardanddownward;actingalongmakingapexoftonguetooppositesideInvolvedindeterminingshapeandpositionoftongueUpdownⅢ)MusclesoftongueUp26Ⅵ.MajorsalivaryglandsⅠ)Parotidgland
SuperficialpartDeeppartParotidduct:
arisesfrontanteriorborderofgland,runsoverthemasseterafinger’sbreadthbelowthezygomaticarchtopiercethebuccinatorandopensintothemouthcavity,oppositetheuppersecondmolartoothUpdownⅥ.MajorsalivaryglandsⅠ)27Ⅱ)Submandibulargland
Position:
liesinsubmandibulartriangleDuctopensontosublingualcaruncle
UpdownⅡ)SubmandibularglandUp28Ⅲ)Sublingualgland
position:
situatedbeneaththemucousmembraneofthefloorofmouthDucts
Majorsublingualduct－opensontothesublingualcaruncleMinorsublingualducts－openontothesublingualfoldUpdownⅢ)SublingualglandUpdo29SectiontwoThePharynxⅠ.
LocationandGeneralfeaturesA–fibromusculartube,partofdigestiveandrespiratorysystemsExtendsfrombaseofskulltotheinferiorborderofcricoidcartilage
(lowerborderofC6level)Ⅱ.
Division
ThreesegmentsUpdownSectiontwoThePharynxⅠ.30Ⅰ)Nasopharynx－posteriortonasalcavitiesExtendsfromthebaseofskulltolevelofsoftpalateFeaturesPharyngealopeningofauditorytubeTubaltorusPharyngealrecess
TubaltonsilPharyngealtonsil
Ⅱ)Oropharynx
－posteriortooralcavityLiesbelowsoftpalate,extendstoupperborderofepiglottisUpdownⅠ)Nasopharynx－posteriorto31Oropharynx
FeaturesMedianglossoepiglotticfoldEpiglotticvalleculaPalatinetonsil
－lieswithintonsillarfossaLymphaticring－consistsofpharyngealtonsil,tubaltonsil,Palatinetonsil,
andlingualtonsil,formingacircularbandoflymphoidtissueatoropharyngealisthmusUpdownOropharynxUpdown32Ⅲ)Laryngopharynx
－posteriortolarynxExtendsfromupperborderofepiglottistotheleveloflowerborderofC6Piriformrecess－adeepdepressiononeachsideofapertureoflarynxUpdownⅢ)Laryngopharynx－posterior33Section3TheEsophagus
Ⅰ.Generalfeatures
－
amusculartuberabout25cmlong,connectingthepharynxatlevelofC6vertebra,passesthroughthediaphragmatlevelofT10vertebraandafter1~2cmentersthestomachDivision:
CervicalpartThoracicpartAbdominalpartUpdownSection3TheEsophagus34Ⅱ.Threeconstrictions
Atitsbeginning,15cmfromincisors,liesatlevelofC6,isthenarrowestpartoftheesophagusWhereitiscrossedbyleftmainbronchus,25cmfromincisors,liesatlevelofintervertebraldiscbetweenT4andT5.Whereitpassesthroughtheesophagealhiatusofdiaphragm,40cmfromincisors,atlevelofT10UpEndⅡ.ThreeconstrictionsUp35SplanchnologyDepartmentofAnatomydownSplanchnologyDepartmentofAna36Chapter4TheGeneralDescriptionDifinition:meansthestudyofviscera(alimentarysystem,respiratorysystem,urinarysystemandgenitalsystem)Association:
morphologylocationfunctionorigin
UpdownChapter4TheGeneralDescr37Ⅰ.ThegeneralstructureofvisceraⅠ)Thetubularorganmucosasubmucosamuscularcoatsserosa/adventitiaUpdownⅠ.Thegeneralstructureofv38Ⅱ)Theparenchymatousorganhilum/portaUpdownⅡ)TheparenchymatousorganUp39Ⅱ.ThereferencelineandabdominalregionsⅠ)
ThecommanusedreferencelinesofthethoraxAnteriormedianlineSternallineMidclavicularline
Parasternalline
UpdownⅡ.Thereferencelineandab40AnterioraxillarylinePosterioraxillarylineMidaxillarylineScapularlineParavertebrallinePosteriormedianlineUpdownAnterioraxillarylineUpdo41Ⅱ)Abdominalregions
QuadrantsNine-areamethodUpdownⅡ)AbdominalregionsUpdow42
Chapter5
TheAlimentarySystem
UpdownChapter5
TheAl43CompositionDigestivetube
MouthPharynxEsophagusStomach
SmallintestineLargeintestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
IleumSuperiordigestivetube
InferiordigestivetubeUpdownCompositionDigestivetubeMou44Digestiveglands
MajorsalivaryglandsLiverPancreas
Function:
ingestion,digestion,absorption,egestingUpdownDigestiveglandsMajorsalivar45Section1TheOralCavity
ConsistsoftwopartsOralvestibule:betweencheeksandlipandteethOralcavityproper:withinarchofteethUpdownSection1TheOralCavity46BoundariesAnteriorandlateral:gumandteethPosterior:isthmusoffaucesRoof:palateFloor:tongue,musclesandmucousmembraneOralvestibuleleads,bythespacebehindthemolarteeth,intotheoralcavityproperUpdownBoundariesUpdown47Ⅰ.OrallipsⅡ.CheekPapillaofparotidductUpdownⅠ.OrallipsⅡ.CheekUp48Ⅲ.Palate
TwopartsHardpalate:
anterior2/3,formedbythemaxillaandpalatineboneSoftpalate:
posterior1/3VelumpalatinumUvulaPalatoglossalarchPalatopharyngealarch
UpdownⅢ.PalateTwopartsUpdow49Isthmusoffauces
formedbyposteriorborderofvelumpalatinum,bothsideofpalatoglossalarches,androotoftongue.downUpIsthmusoffaucesformedbyp50Ⅳ.TeethⅠ)ClassificationandarrangementGeneralDeciduousfeaturesTwosets:
PermanentClassification:
IncisorsCaninePremolarsMolarsUpdownⅣ.TeethⅠ)Classificationand51Deciduousteeth:are20innumberTenteethineachmandibularandmaxillaryarchCentralincisor,lateralincisor,canine,firstmolarandsecondmolarineachquadrantUpperjawⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤtotal20Lowerjawin.in.can.mol.mol.Eruption:starsatabout6monthofageandcontinuestobeginningof3rdyearShedding:occursbetween6thand12thyearswithreplacementbypermanentteethUpdownDeciduousteeth:are20innum52UpdownUpdown53Permanentteeth(adult):
are32innumber
SixteenineachmandibularandmaxillaryarchTwoincisors,onecanine,twopremolars,andthreemolarsineachquadrant
Upperjaw12345678total32Lowerjaw
Firstpermanentmolar－appearsatabout6yearsThirdmolars(wisdomteeth)－manyeruptatanytimeafter12yearsofageornotatall(impaction).
UpdownPermanentteeth(adult):are354UpdownUpdown55Ⅱ)GeneraldescriptionEachtoothconsistsof3parts:CrownNeckRoot
Dentalcavity－containsconnectivetissue,bloodvesselsandnerves,andiscontinuouswiththeperiodontaltissuethroughtherootcanalandapicalforamen.UpdownⅡ)GeneraldescriptionUpd56Ⅲ)Calcifiedtissues
Dentine－isayellowishwhitetissue,thatformsthebulkoftooth.Enamel
－isahead,brittlewhitetissuethatcoversthecrownofthetoothCement
－isanunusualformofbonethatcoverstherootofthetoothⅣ)PeriodontaltissuePeriodontalmembraneAlveolarboneGum
UpdownⅢ)CalcifiedtissuesUp57Ⅴ.Tongue－muscularorganⅠ)MorphologyTwoparts:
dividedtwopartsbyv-shapedterminalsulcusBodyoftongue－ant2/3，apexoftongue－freeroundedtipRootoftongue－post1/3
Attheapexofterminalsulcusisasmallmedianpit,theforamencecumoftongueUpdownⅤ.Tongue－muscularorganⅠ)58Ⅱ)Lingualmucousmembrane
Papillaeoftongue
Filiformpapillae
fungiformpapillaefoliatepapillae
containtastebudsvallatepapillae
Lingualtonsil
－massesofsubmucosallymphoidtissueontherootoftongueUpdownⅡ)Lingualmucousmembrane59Inferiorsurfaceoftongue
Frenulumoftongue
－amidlinefoldofmucousmembraneconnectingtonguetofloorofmouthSublingualcaruncle
－smallelevationSublingualfold
UpdownInferiorsurfaceoftongueU60Ⅲ)Musclesoftongue
IntrinsicmusclesoftongueExtrinsicmusclesoftongue
Genioglossus
ArisesfrommentalspineofmandibleandinsertsintoeithersideofmidlineoftongueAction:actingtogetherdrawtongueforwardanddownward;actingalongmakingapexoftonguetooppositesideInvolvedindeterminingshapeandpositionoftongueUpdownⅢ)MusclesoftongueUp61Ⅵ.MajorsalivaryglandsⅠ)Parotidgland
SuperficialpartDeeppartParotidduct:
arisesfrontanteriorborderofgland,runsoverthemasseterafinger’sbreadthbelowthezygomaticarchtopiercethebuccinatorandopensintothemouthcavity,oppositetheuppersecondmolartoothUpdownⅥ.MajorsalivaryglandsⅠ)62Ⅱ)Submandibulargland
Position:
liesinsubmandibulartriangleDuctopensontosublingualcaruncle
UpdownⅡ)SubmandibularglandUp63Ⅲ)Sublingualgland
position:
situatedbeneaththemucousmembraneofthefloorofmouthDucts
Majorsublingualduct－opensontothesublingualcaruncleMinorsublingualducts－openontothesublingualfoldUpdownⅢ)SublingualglandUpdo64SectiontwoThePharynxⅠ.
LocationandGeneralfeaturesA–fibromusculartube,partofdigestiveandrespiratorysystemsExtendsfrombaseofskulltotheinferiorborderofcricoidcartilage
(lowerborderofC6level)Ⅱ.
Division
ThreesegmentsUpdownSectiontwo
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