专题28 应用文写作-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（测）（含答案解析）

应用文（测）满分：50得分阅读理解（每小题2分，共16）A（2021.山东潍坊.高三月考）Whileitmaybecommonplace,snubbing（冷落）one'sfriendscanhaveseriousimpactsonrelationships,andthereareavarietyoffactorsthatmaydriveindividualstoignoretheirfriendsinfavorofanelectronicscreen,accordingtoanewUniversityofGeorgiastudy.Thestudyrevealspositiveassociationsbetweendepressionandsocialanxietyandincreasingsnubbing:depressedpeoplearelikelytosnubtheirfriendsmorefrequently,andsociallyanxiouspeople,whopreferonlinesocialinteractions,mightalsoexhibitmoresnubbingbehavior.Thesepeoplearereallysensitivetotheirmessages.Witheachbuzzorsound,theyconsciouslyorunconsciouslylookattheirphones.Thedevice'svariousapplicationsarekeydriverscontributingtothisdynamic.Thefindingalsoshowsthatagreeableindividualshavealowerinstanceofsnubbinginthepresenceoftheirfriends.Peoplewhohaveagreeablenessasapersonalityfeaturetendtoshowcooperative,politeandfriendlybehaviorsintheirinterpersonalrelationshipsandsocialsettings.Thoughagreeablepeoplemayprioritizestrongfriendships,anexploratorystudyrevealstheyarealsomorelikelytoturntophonesinthepresenceofthreeormorepeople.Thatdynamicmayinfluencethespreadofsnubbinginthecontextofaworkenvironment."Itsironic（讽刺意味的）thatwhilesomanypeoplebelievethatsnubbingbehaviorisrude,theystilldoitJSunsaid.“Amajorityofpeoplesnubothers,andinagroup,itmayseemOK,becauseit'sjustme,thespeakerdoesn'tnoticeI'musingthephone.Thenumberofpeopleinagroupcanbeonereason.”Alternately,disablingorturningoveraphonecanindicateashowofrespectforasituationandfocusonaperson.That,too,isasignal—IamlisteningtowhatyouaresayingandIamfocusingonyou.Whatcancausesnubbingbehavior?Socialrequirements.Unhealthymentalcondition.Frequentsocialinteractions.Limitedcommunicationdevices.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheagreeablepeople?A.Theyareinsensitivetophonemessages.B,Theyaremorelikelytosnubtheirfriends.Theyattachimportancetofirmfriendships.Theygetaccustomedtogroupswithmorepeople.Whydosomepeoplecontinuesnubbingbehavioreveniftheyknowit'srude?Themajorityareusingphones.Theydon'tliketheenvironment.Thespeakerdoesn'tcareaboutit.Theythinktheywillgounnoticed.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?HowsnubbingbehaviorscanbeavoidedWhypeopleareaddictedtophonemessagesWhypeoplesnubtheirfriendswiththeirphonesHowphonesinfluencepeople'ssocialinteractions【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.C【解析•】这是一篇说明文。短文从不同精神状态的人的角度介绍了为什么人们因使用手机冷落了自己的朋友。.细节理解题。根据第二段“Thestudyrevealspositiveassociationsbetweendepressionandsocialanxietyandincreasingsnubbing”（这项研究揭示了抑郁和社交焦虑以及日益增加的冷落之间的积极联系）由此可知，不健康的精神状态导致了冷落行为。故选B项。.推理判断题。根据第三段"Thoughagreeablepeoplemayprioritizestrongfriendships^^（尽管和蔼可亲的人会优先考虑牢固的友谊）可知，和蔼可亲的人强调牢固的友谊。故选C项。.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"It'sironic（讽刺意味的）thatwhilesomanypeoplebelievethatsnubbingbehaviorisrude,theystilldoit,“Sunsaid.“Amajorityofpeoplesnubothers,andinagroup,itmayseemOK,becauseitfsjustme,thespeakerdoesn'tnoticeFmusingthephone."（具有讽刺意味的是，尽管很多人认为冷落行为是粗鲁的，但他们仍然这样做，“孙说。“，在一个群体中，大多数人都会冷落别人，这看起来没什么，因为只有我一个人，说话的人没有注意到我在用手机。）由此可知，为什么有些人明知道这很粗鲁，还要继续冷落别人是因为他们认为自己没有被注意到。故选D项。.主旨大意题。根据第——段“Whileitmaybecommonplace,snubbingone*sfriendscanhaveseriousimpactsonrelationships,andthereareavarietyoffactorsthatmaydriveindividualstoignoretheirfriendsinfavorofanelectronicscreen,accordingtoanewUniversityofGeorgiastudy.”（乔治亚州一所大学的最新研究表明，尽管冷落朋友可能很平常，但是冷落朋友会严重影响人际关系，而且有很多因素可能会导致人们忽视朋友，转而使用电子屏幕。）以及下文从不同精神状态的人的角度介绍了为什么人们因使用手机冷落了自己的朋友。可知，短文的最佳标题为“为什么人们因使用手机冷落了自己的朋友故选C项。B（2021.四川仁寿.高三期中）Microplasticsaretinybitsorthreadsofplastic,oftentoosmalltobeseen.Inrecentyears,microplasticshavebeenfoundalmosteverywhere,fromtheNorthpoletoAntarctica,fromthetopofMountQomolangmatothedeepestpointinthesea.InarecentstudyledbyagroupcalledOceanWise,researchersmadefourtripsacrosstheArcticOcean.Theytook71samplesfrombetween10and26feetbelowtheocean'ssurface,and26moresamplesfrommorethan0.6milesbelow.Theyfoundmicroplasticsinallbutone,withanaverageofabout40microplasticparticlesineverycubicmeter.Toidentifytheparticlestheyfound,thescientistsusedatoolbasedoninfrared（红夕卜的）light.Over92%ofthemicroplasticsfoundweresmallthreads,calledmicrofibers.About73%ofthesefibersweremadeofaplasticknownaspolyester（聚酯），whichexactlymatchedpolyesterusedinclothing.ThestudyalsofoundfarmoremicrofibersneartheAtlanticsideoftheArcticOceanthannearthePacificside.ThefibersontheAtlanticsidewerealsonewer.TheteambelievesthissuggeststhatthefiberscomefromEuropeandNorthAmerica.PeterRoss,wholedtheresearch,said,"Withthesepolyesterfibers,we'vecreatedacloudthroughouttheworld'soceans.”Mostsamplesweretakenfromanoceanlayerwherelotsofsealifefindsfood.Thescientistsbelievethismeansthatmanykindsofsealife,fromthesmallesttothelargest,arelikelytobeaffectedbythepollution.Sohowdothesemicrofibersgetintothesea?Theybreakoffwhenclothesarewashedandemptiedbywashingmachinesintoundergroundpipes.OnerecentstudysuggestedthatlaundryfromtheUSandCanadacarriesaround7,716,000poundsofplasticmicrofibersintotheseaeveryyear..Whichistrueaboutthestudyaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Allthesamplestakencontainedmicroplastics.B,Polyesteraccountedformostofthemicrofibers.TheheadoftheresearchgroupiscalledOceanWise.Mostsampleswerecollectedfromover0.6milesbelow.6.Whatcanweinferfi-omPeter'swords?A.Thesepolyesterfiberslooklikeclouds.B,Theworld'soceansarelinkedtogether.Thepollutionhasreachedaseriouslevel.Thefoodchainoftheseahasbeendamaged.Whichonemightbethesourceofthemicrofibers?A.Plastics.B.Oceanlayers.C.Washingmachines.D.Laundry.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.EffortsMadetoProtecttheArcticOceanReductionintheConsumptionofPlasticProductsMicroplasticsFoundAllThroughtheArcticOceanD.ReasonsBehindthePollutionoftheArcticOcean【答案】5.B6.C7.D8.C【解析】本文为说明文。本文主要讲述了微型塑料是微小的碎片状或线条状。近年来，从北极到南极洲，从地球最高处到最深处几乎都可以发现微型塑料的存在，这对环境和海洋生物存在极大地危害。.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Over92%ofthemicroplasticsfoundweresmallthreads,calledmicrofibers.About73%ofthesefibersweremadeofaplasticknownaspolyester（聚酯），可知，超过92%的微塑料是细小线条状，被称为微纤维。其中大约73%的微纤维是由一种被称为聚酯的塑料制成的。由此可知，聚酯是微塑料的主要来源。故选B项。.推理判断题。根据文章第三段Peter所说的话“PeterRoss,wholedtheresearch,said,“Withthesepolyesterfibers,we\ecreatedacloudthroughouttheworld'soceans.“可知，我们（人类）己经用这些聚酯纤维，为世界各地的海洋创造了一片云。再结合第四段第一句"Mostsamplesweretakenfromanoceanlayerwherelotsofsealifefindsfood.”可知，大多数的样本都取自于许多海洋生物觅食的海洋层。由此推知，从Peter的话我们可以推知，微型塑料污染已经十分严重。故选C项。.细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句"Sohowdothesemicrofibersgetintothesea?Theybreakoffwhenclothesarewashedandemptiedbywashingmachinesintoundergroundpipes.OnerecentstudysuggestedthatlaundryfromtheUSandCanadacarriesaround7,716,000poundsofplasticmicrofibersintotheseaeveryyear.（那么这些超细纤维是如何进入大海的呢？当衣服被洗衣机洗干净并倒入地下管道时，它们就会断裂。最近的一项研究表明，来自美国和加拿大的洗衣店每年将大约7716000磅的塑料超细纤维带入大海）”可知，当衣服被洗衣机清洗时微纤维就会脱落，从而被倒入地下管道时进入海洋。因此微纤维的来源也许是洗衣服。故选D项。.主旨大意题。根据第一段“microplasticshavebeenfoundalmosteverywhere（微塑料已经随处可见）”以及第二段“InarecentstudyledbyagroupcalledOceanWise,researchersmadefourtripsacrosstheArcticOcean.（在最近由一个名为OceanWise的组织领导的一项研究中，研究人员进行了四次北冰洋之旅）”和第三段“ThestudyalsofoundfarmoremicrofibersneartheAtlanticsideoftheArcticOceanthannearthePacificside.（这项研究还发现，北冰洋大西洋一侧的微塑料纤维远多于太平洋一侧）”以及后文内容可知，本文主要介绍了北冰洋微塑料的污染状况。C项“遍布北冰洋的微塑料”可以作为本文标题。故选C项。完形填空（2021•重庆市酉阳第一中学校模拟预测）（每小题1分，共15分）（2021.江苏连云港.高三期中）WhenIleftforcollege,I]myhometowngoodbye!Itoldeveryone,"Iwill2comebackhere!”IsecretlyfeltthatmovingbackhomemeantthatI'dfailed.ThatIbecame3.IlovedcitylifeinNYC.Iadoredthemuseums,nightlife,andendless4forfoodandfun.Iwalkedonthestreets5Iwaspartofthem.Livinginthecitydidprovidemewithmanyopportunities.ButasIgot6tomy30s,Istartedtohatelivinginthecity.Ihatedthetraffic.Ihatedgoingout,7crowdstogetatableorevengetadrink.Ibeganwantingabitmore8somethingthecitycouldnolongergiveme.Istartedtodreamaboutmovingbackhome.AndIdidit.Ileftmygoodjobandtheendless9.EverydayIwakeuptobirdssinging.Notrafficsounds,caralarms,orpeople10onthestreets.Theairhereiscleanandsmellsgood.Myfavoritethingtodoiswatchthesunsetfrommyporch.SinceFvebeenhomemylifehasbeen11,Irealizedthathomeisaplacethat12me.Aplacetodreamandimagine.Becausebefore,inthecity,IfeltlikeIhadtocompetewitheveryoneto13,Manytimes,forgettingwhatIwas'fighting9for,Iwas14incompetition.Ilosttouchwiththeotherpartsofmyself,never15realizingthatthequietcountrylifeprovidedthattome.1.A.huggedB.kissedC,pettedD.shook2.A.NEVERB.ALWAYSC.EVERD.ALMOST3.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing4.A.tastesB.choicesC,dreamsD.events5.A.nowthatB.inthatC.asifD.evenif6.A.tougherB.rougherC,higherD.closer7.A.askingB.demandingC.fightingD.beating8.A.excitementB.achievementC,boredomD.freedom

A.occasionsA.occasionsA.screamingA.suitableA.requiresA.getaheadA.setA.completely【答案】1.B2.A3.A.occasionsA.screamingA.suitableA.requiresA.occasionsA.screamingA.suitableA.requiresA.getaheadA.setA.completely【答案】1.B2.A3.B.opportunitiesB.singingB.comfortableB.tiresB.getonB.cloudedinstantlyD4.B5.C6.D7.C.conditionsC.coughingC.accessibleC.inspiresgetdownC.bathedC.immediatelyC8.D9.BIO.All.inventionsD.laughingD.availableD.admiresD.getoffD.locatedD.necessarilyB12.C13.A14.B15.A【分析】本文是夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者考入大学后离开家乡，本打算再也不回家乡而是留在繁华都市打拼，可是随着年龄的增长，发现安静的乡村生活才是最适合自己的。.考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我去上大学的时候，我吻别了我的家乡!A.hugged拥抱；B.kissed亲吻；Cpetted抚摸；D.shook摇晃。根据"WhenIleftforcollege”得知，作者离开家乡去上大学，和家乡亲吻告另限故选Bo.考查副词词义辨析。句意：我告诉每个人，“我永远不会回来了!”A.NEVER从不；B.ALWAYS总是；C.EVER曾经；D.ALMOST几乎。根据"IsecretlyfeltthatmovingbackhomemeantthatTdfailed”得知，作者不打算回来。故选A。.考查代词词义辨析。句意：当我变得一无所有。A.something某事；B.anything任何事；C.everything—切事；D.nothing没有事。根据“IsecretlyfeltthatmovingbackhomemeantthatIdfailed”得知，作者认为回来打拼意味着自己一事无成。故选D。.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢纽约的城市生活。我喜欢那里的博物馆、夜生活，还有无穷无尽的食物和娱乐选择。A.tastes品尝；B.choices选择；C.dreams梦想；D.events事件。根据"IlovedcitylifeinNYC.Iadoredthemuseums,nightlife,anden”得知，大都市充斥着各种选择。故选B。.考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我走在街上，好像我是他们的一部分。A.nowthat既然；B.inthat因为；C.asif好像；D.evenif即使。根据“Iadoredthemuseums,nightlife,andendlessforfoodandfun."得知，我喜爱大都市的繁华感觉自己是其中一份子。故选C。.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我快到30岁时，我开始讨厌住在城市。A.tougher更艰难；B.rougher更粗糙;C.higher更高;D.closer更近。根据“Istartedtohatelivinginthecity.”得知,作者接近30岁时,开始讨厌城市生活。故选D。.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我讨厌出去，为了要张桌子，甚至是喝一杯而挤来挤去。A.asking询问；.demanding要求；C.fighting打仗；D.beating打败。根据"crowdstogetatableorevengetadrink.”得知，在城市，人们为了站桌子或喝一杯而争，故选C。.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我开始想要更多的自由，这是城市再也不能给我的东西。A.excitement兴奋；B.achievement成就；C.boredom无聊；D.freedom自由。根据“Ihatedthetraffic.Ihatedgoingout,crowdstogetatableorevengetadrink.”得知，作者厌恶城市的拥堵想念家乡的自由。故选D。.考查名词词义辨析。句意：离开了我的好工作和无尽的机会。A.occasions场合；B.opportunities机会;C.conditions条件；D.inventions发明。根据"Livinginthecitydidprovidemewithmanyopportunities.知，在城市工作，有各种机会。故选B。10.考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有交通声音，没有汽车警报，没有人在街上尖叫。A.screaming尖叫；B.singing唱歌；C.coughing咳嗽;D.laughing大笑。根据“Notrafficsounds,caralarms,“得知，城市的喧闹中有人在街上尖叫。故选A。.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自从我回家以来，我的生活一直很舒适。A.suitable合适的；B.comfortable舒服的；C.accessible可达到的；D.available可利用的。根据“Aplacetodreamandimagine."得知，作者在家乡生活很舒服。故选B。.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我意识到家乡是一个激励我的地方。A.requires需要；B.tires厌烦；C.inspires激励；D.admires羡慕。根据"Aplacetodreamandimagine.”得知，作者感觉家乡激励了自己。故选C。.考查动词短语词义辨析\句意：因为以前，在城市里，我觉得我必须和每个人竞争才能领先。A.getahead前进，领先；B.geton上车；C.getdown写下；D.getoff下车。根据"IfeltlikeIhadtocompetewitheveryone”得知，和别人竞争，自己才能领先。故选A。.考查动词词义辨析。句意：很多时候，我忘记了我在“争取”什么，我在比赛中感到困惑。A.set设定；B.clouded使模糊；C.bathed沐浴；D.located位于。根据“forgettingwhatIwasf