中国文化英语翻译Word版

整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式Unit1中国丝绸中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期（前1600——前256）丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉（前206——公元25）时张蹇通西域，把中元与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征、东方文明的使者。ChineseSilkChinaisthehomeofsilk.Mulberryplanting,sericulture,silkreelingandthickeningareallgreatinventionsoftheancientChinese.AsearlyastheShangandZhouDynasties(1600-BC256BC),theChinesepeople’ssilk-weavingtechniqueshadreachedanextremelyhighlevel.DuringtheWesternHanDynasty(206BC-25AD),ZhangJian,anoutstandingdiplomat,traveledaroundcentralAsiaandconnectedChinawiththePersianGulfandtheMediterranean,openingupaneweraofSino-foreigntrade,exchangeandcommunication.Fromthenon,China’ssilkbecamewellknownforitsextraordinaryquality,exquisitedesignandcolor,andabundantculturalconnotations.Hitherto,ChinesesilkhasbeenacceptedasasymbolofChinesecultureandtheemissaryoforientalcivilization.Unit2中国园林中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。ChineseClassicalGardenTheChineseclassicalgardenisaprecioustreasureofourancientChinesearchitecture.Itisakindofenvironmentart,whichsystematicallycombinesartificialmountainsandrivers,plantsandbuildingswiththenaturallandscape.TheconstructionstandardofaChineseclassicalgardenis“artificialasitis,thegardenmustlookingeniousandnatural.”WhenyougosightseeinginaChineseclassicalgarden,youshouldbeabletoappreciateitsartisticconceptwhich“makesuseofthenaturallandscapetocreatetherealfunofmountainsandriversfoeviewers.”Oftheworld’sthreemajorgardensystems,theChineseclassicalgardenishailedasoneoftheoriginsoftheworld’sgardenduetoitslonghistoryandabundantconnotations.Unit3文房四宝笔墨纸砚是中国古时文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦（前221整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式——前206）时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔；汉代（前206——公元220）以人工制墨代替了天然墨；有了纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失使用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。“文房四宝”到宋朝（960——1279）以后特指湖笔（浙江湖州）、徽墨（安徽徽州）、宣纸（安徽宣州）、端砚（广东肇庆，古称端州）。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。TheFourTreasuresoftheStudyThewritingbrush,inkstick,inkstone,andpaperwererequisitetreasuresinthestudyofthescholarsofancientChina,andtheyareoftenreferredtoasthe“FourTreasuresoftheStudy.”ThewritingbrushandinkstickhavebeenusedbytheChinesetowriteandpaintsince5,000yearsago.IntheQinDynasty(221BC-206BC),peoplealreadyusedfeathersofdifferenthardnessandbambootrunkstomakebrushes.DuringtheHanDynasty(206BC-220AD),man-madeinkwasusedinsteadofnaturalink.AfterpaperwasinventedbytheChinese,bambooslips,woodentables,brocadeandsilk,whichoriginallyfunctionedaswritingsurfaces,graduallyfadedout.Theinkstonewasfirstdevelopedwiththeuseofwritingbrushesandink.AftertheSongDynasty(960AD-1279AD),the“FourTreasuresoftheStudy”particularlyreferredtohubi,thewritingbrushproducedinHuzhou,Zhejiangprovince;huimo,theinkstickproducedinHuizhou,Anhuiprovince;xuanpaper,akindofpaperproducedinXuanzhou,Anhuiprovinceandduanyan,theinkstonemadeinZhaoqing,Guangdongprovince(ZhaoqingwasearliercalledDuanzhou).Indeed,the“FourTreasuresoftheStudy”havewrittenthewholeChinesecivilization,asitis.Unit4对联对联又称楹联或对子，是依中文语言一字一音的特征撰写的一种民族文体。中国对联的哲学深渊及深层民族文化心理，乃是古代中国人把握和认识事物的阴阳二元观念。对联的特征是“对仗”：字数相等，词性相同，平仄相合，内容相关，节奏相应。对联习俗多样，有春联、婚联、寿联、挽联、茶联等。AntitheticalCoupletsTheantitheticalcouplet(alsocalledduilian)isalsoknownasyinglianorduilian.Anantitheticalcoupletiskindofnationalwritingstyle,whichiscomposedbytheskillfulmanipulationofthecharacteristicoftheChineselanguagethatonecharactercorrespondswithonesyllable.Thephilosophicaloriginandnationalculturalpsychologyoftheantitheticalcoupletarethenotionofyin-yangduality,accordingtowhichtheChineserecognizeandmasterthings.Thefeatureoftheantitheticalcoupletisan“antithesis”:equalcharacters,thesamepartofspeech,thelevelandobliquefittingwitheachother,thecontentsbeingrelated,andtherhythmscorresponding.Therearemanytypesofantitheticalcouplets,suchasSpringFestivalcouplets,marriagecouplets,birthdaycouplets,elegiaccouplets,andantitheticalabouttea,etc.整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式Unit5中国围棋中国古代四大艺术“琴棋书画”的“棋”特指围棋。围棋可谓中国的国棋。古称为弈，别称坐稳、手谈。围棋规则则简单而玄妙无穷。棋盘方圆不及二尺，有十九纹棋路，三百六十一枚棋子。表面上对弈双方是对黑白棋子的排布，实则是个人心智、胆识、耐力的比拼。围棋象征宇宙天地，包含了象数易理、兵法策略、治国安邦等无穷的哲理，充分体现了中国文化中的智慧与灵性。ChineseWeiqiThefourartformsinancientChinaareguqin,chess,penmanship,andpainting.AndchessparticularlyreferstoChineseWeiqi.WeiqicouldbecalledthenationalchessofChina.Inancienttimes,WeiqiwascalledYi,withthealternativenamesZuoyinandShoutan.TheregulationsofWeiqiarebothsimpleandcomplexatthesametime.AfullWeiqisethas361playingpiecesandisplayedonaboardwitha19by19grid.Thecircumferenceoftheboardislessthan2/3metre.PlayingWeiqimaylooklikeanarrangementoftwosides’blackandwhitepieces.However,itisactuallyacompetitionbetweentwoplayersanditteststheirwisdom,courage,andpatience.WeiqisymbolizedHeavenandEarth.Itcontainscountlessphilosophicaltheories,suchasthetheoriesembodiedintheimage-numerologyinTheBookOfChanges,theartofwar,andtheoriesonstateadministrationandnationalsecurity,whichembodiesthewisdomandthespiritofChineseculture.Unit6中国京剧京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”，是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。到了19世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。角色主要分为生（男性）、旦（女性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当ChineseBeijingOperaPraisedas“OrientalOpera,”BeijingOperaisagenuinenationalquintessenceofChina.Itoriginatedfrommanykindsofancientlocaloperas,especiallyhuibaninsouthernChina.Attheendofthe19thCentury,BeijingOperaevolvedandtookshape,becomingthegreatestkindofoperainChina.BeijingOperaportraysandnarratestheplotandcharactersthroughstylizedacting.ThemaintypeofrolesinBeijingOperaaresheng(male),dan(youngfemale),jing(paintedface,male),andchou(clown,maleorfemale).Unit7中国道教道教是中国土生土长的宗教。创始人是春秋（前770——前476）末期的哲学家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的《道德经》为主要经典。道家主张“重人贵生”，崇尚清静无为、修身养性。“道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名天地之始；有名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼”便是老子的至理名言。整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式ChineseTaoismTaoismfirstoriginatedinChina.ThefounderofTaoismisLaozi,aphilosopherandthinkerwholivedinthelateSpringandAutumnPeriod(770BC-476BC).TaoTeChing,whoseauthorshiphasbeenattributedtoLaozi,isconsideredtobethemainTaoismclassic.Taoismadvocatesthevalueofahumanbeing’slife,recommendsthediscardingofalldesiresandworriesfromone’smind,andencouragesthecultivationofmoralcharacterandthenourishmentofhumannature.ThefollowingisanexampleofLaozi’sgoldensayings:Thewaythatcanbetoldofisnotanunvaryingway;Thenamesthatcanbenamedarenotunvaryingnames.ItwasfromthenamelessthatHeavenandEarthsprang;Thenamedisbutthemotherthatrearsthetenthousandcreatures,eachafteritskind.Truly,onlyhethatridshimselfforeverofdesirecanseethesecretessences;Hethathasneverridhimselfofdesirecanseeonlytheoutcomes.Unit8中国成语成语是汉语中意义完整地表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中的“成”即是约定俗成。成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语主要从民间谚、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。ChineseIdiomsChineseidiomsrefertocomprehensiveandintegratedfixedphrasesandexpressions.Idiomsareestablishedandacceptedbyconstantusageandcommonpractice.Anidiomisalanguageunitthatislargerthanaword,buthasthesamegrammaticalfunctionasaword.MostChineseidiomsconsistoffourcharacters.Forexample,ziqiangbuxi(makeunremittingeffortstoimproveoneself),qingchuyulan(bluethanindigo),andhoujibofa(successcomeswithtimeandeffort).Idiomsareextractedfromfolkproverbs,ancientworksofliterature,poems,fables,allusions,andwell-knownsayings.IdiomsareapartoftheChineselanguagethatareconciseandhavegreatvitality.Fillintheblankswithproperwords1.refersto;approval;consistsof;discussion;accountsfor;main;putsforward;aseriesof;dealswith;gonethrough;ratherthan;increasing;expand;marketing;summedThisreportconcernsthedeliveryserveswewishto1______forourclients.整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式Ourmarketresearchcompanyhasalreadygiventheinformationtothe_2_____departmentontheirrecentresearch.The_3_____pointsofthisinformationwillbegivenin_4____shortreportsforthecommitteetoexamineintheirowntime.Themarketingdepartmenthasnowmadeaplanofactionfor_5_____ourdeliveryservice.TheManagingDirectorhasexaminedthiscarefullyandgivenithis6______.Essentiallyitpresentsthreesuggestionsfor7______andexplainsthereasonswhyweshouldconsideraslow_8_____arapidexpansion.Thisreport9______thosereasonsandisinthreepartsitgivesmoredetailsaboutthedifficultieswehavehadwithrecruitingstaff:1itgivesmoredetailsaboutthedifficultieswehavehadwithrecruitingstaff.2itexplainswhyourdeliveryservicehadproblemslastmonth.3it10______theproblemscausedbyrisinginflation.Key:1.expand;2.marketing;3.main;4.aseriesof;5.increasing;6.approval;7.descussion;8.ratherthan;9.summrizes;10.dealswith2Thesunisshinningandeverythinglooksbright.Standinthesun.Canyoufeeltheheatofthesun?Thesunthatgivestheheatisveryfaraway.Itishardtobelievebutthesunis1______onehundredandfiftymillionkilometers_2_____.Ifaplaneflewdayandnight_3_____stopping,itwouldtakenearly18yearsto___4___thesun.Thesundoesseemverybigtous,butit’sreallyveryhuge.Onemillionballs___5___ourearthcouldfitinsidethesun.Thesunlookssmallbecauseitissofaraway.Ourearthiscoolenoughto___6___becausethehotsunissofaraway.Ifthesunweremuchnearer,ourearthwouldbetoohottoliveon.Iftherewere__7____sun,theearthwouldbesocoldthat__8____couldliveonit.Aren’twe___9___bejustabouttherightdistance___10___thesun?around,no,getto,luckyto,runinto,liveon,from,gooff,something,about,likelyto,into,away,turninto,give,better,nothing,without,much,asbigasKey:1about2away3without4getto5asbigas6liveon7no8nothing9luckyto10from3hold;constitutes;only;tends;cherishes;puts;both;alert;explosively;with;flight;alter;onthefaceof;shrinking;trend;entire;completely;gold;board;impossible;another;town;empty;bought;anythingAlthoughtheUnitedStates______1thetraditionthatitisanationofsmalltownsandwideopenspaces,______2oneineveryeightAmericansnowlivesonafarm.Therecentpopulation______3hasbeenadoubleone,toward______4urbanizationandsuburban整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式ization.Merropolitanareashavegrown______5inthepastdecade,andnearlyhalfthisincreasehasbeeninthesuburbs.______6therapidgrowthofcitieshascomeequallyrapiddecentralization（分散，疏散）.The______7ofAmericansfromthecentralcitytothesuburbs______8oneofthegreatestmigrationsofmoderntimes;quietresidentialsectionsoutsidecitieshavebecomebiggatheringofstreets,split-levelhouses,andshoppingcenters.Thisspurtofsuburbanexpansion,however,doesnot______9thebasicfactthattheUnitedStateshasbecomeoneofthemosturbannations______10theearth.CensusBureaufiguresshowthattheruralpopulationhasbeen______11steadilysince1830.WhentheUnitedStatesbecameanationithadnolargecitiesatall;todaysomefiftycitieshavepopulationsofmorethan258,000.MammothcomplexesofcitiesaredevelopingintheareaoftheEastCoastandtheeastnorth-centralstates,onthePacificandGulfcoasts,andneartheshoresoftheGreatLakes.Somesociologistsnowregardthe____12__600-milestretchbetweenBostonandWashington,D.C.-anareaholdingafifthofthecountry’spopulation-asonevastcityor,astheycallit,megalopolis.Key:1Cherishes;2only;3trend;4both;5explosively;6With;7flight;8constitutes;9alter;10onthefaceof11shrinking;12entire4Sincewearesocialbeings,thequalityofourlivesdependsinlarge__1___onourinterpersonalrelationships.Onestrengthofthehumanconditionisourtendencytogiveandreceivesupportfromoneanotherunder___2___circumstances.Socialsupportconsistsoftheexchangeofresourcesamongpeoplebasedontheir___3___ties.Thoseofuswithstrongsupportsystemsappearbetterabletoc