2020高考英语选修八Unit 3Inventors and inventions跟踪练

2020高考英语选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions跟踪练I.阅读理解A（2018・江苏B）Inthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted（享有）aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsomme.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup，Roze'schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout，whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.Today，scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat：dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta（意大利面食）whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark－coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone，customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.Lightingmatters，too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness，theycouldn'ttellhowmuchthey'dhad：thosegivenextra－largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse，butwerenone_the_wisereveryoneelse，butwerenone_the_wiser一theydidn'tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.Timeismoney，butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast－foodplaces，finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround：putonsomeMozart（莫扌L特）.Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect：dinerswhogotthescentoflavender（薰衣草）stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.Meanwhile，thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—“bad”tables，crowding，highprices—don'tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor，say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad'tables，”giventhatthey'reprofitable.Asforcrowds，aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant'sreputation，suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet'spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。它主要通过引入现代餐馆的鼻祖马蒂兰•罗兹制订的标准以及学者对于餐馆的研究来介绍现代餐馆在经营中影响食客消费的几个要素：视觉要素（餐具、灯光）、听觉要素（音乐）、嗅觉要素（气味）、其他要素（桌位、拥挤程度和价格）。素材旨在通过现代餐馆的经营理念，让考生了解西方现代餐馆的经营之道。1．Theunderlinedphrase“nonethewiser”inparagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere.A．notawareofeatingmorethanusualB．notwillingtosharefoodwithothersC．notconsciousofthefoodqualityD．notfondofthefoodprovided【答案】A词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“...thosegivenextra－largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse，butwerenonethewiser—theydidn'tfeelfuller...”可知，那些被给以大份饭菜的食客比其他人吃得多，但他们没觉得更饱，这说明在黑暗的就餐环境下，食客并不清楚自己多吃了多少，所以此处的nonethewiser是“不清楚，不知道”之意。故选A项。2．Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?A．Playingclassicalmusic.B．Introducinglemonscent.C．Makingthelightbrighter.D．Usingplatesoflargersize.【答案】A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.”可知，当演奏古典音乐而不是流行音乐的时候，食客们会花更多的钱。spentmore就是对题干中makemoreprofit的语意转化。故选A项。3．Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A．Tipstoattractmorecustomers.B．Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.C．Waystoimproverestaurants'reputation.D．Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.【答案】D主旨大意题。根据最后一段首句中的thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—“bad”tables,crowding,highprices—don'tnecessarily可知,你可能认为会打消你消费的念头的东西——位置“不好”的桌位、拥挤和价格高——未必如此（指在某些人看来,这些不利因素未必不会带来利润的增加）。由此可知,作者认为这些对于餐馆的常见的观点是一种误解，故选D项。（2019•郑州模拟）BestInventionsSunPowerPeoplewhobuysolarpanels（嵌板）fortheirhomehopetohelptheenvironmentandsavesomemoney.Buttheyendupwithlargemetalboxesontheirroof.Tesla，acarcompany，solvedtheproblem.ThesolutionistheSolarRoof.Itisaseriesoftiles（瓦）madetolookliketraditionalroofingmaterialwhileusingthepowerofthesun.TesladevelopeditwithSolarCity，alongtimeproviderofsolarpanels.Itisnowavailabletothepublic.TalkingTechEchogivesuserstheabilitytotalktotheirtech.Apple'sSiriandMicrosoft'sCortanadothattoo.Butinmanyways，Amazon'sversion，Alexa，whichisbuiltintoEcho，ismorepowerful.Alexahasgrownsinceitwasputonthemarketin2014，andtoday，youcanuseittoturnonthelights，orderapizza，andmore.Echocosts$180.Amazonrecentlydevelopedajuniorversion，the$50EchoDot.SpinandRollGoodyearisreinventingthewheel.ItintroduceditsEagle360sphericaltire（球形轮胎）inMarch,2016.Thetiresallowcarstomoveinmanydirections，includingsideways，andatanglestohandleslipperysurfaces.Thekeyismagneticlevitation（磁悬浮）.Tiresarefixedtocars,butEagle360sfloatbeneaththem.They'remeantforself－drivingcarsoftomorrow.CycleSafetyJeffWoolfhadaseriousbikecrash.Ifhehadn'tbeenwearinghishelmet，hewouldhavebeenbadlyhurt.Hewonderedwhysomanyridersdidn'twearhelmets.Thatturnsoutitwasmostlybecausehelmetswerebigandhardtocarryaround.Woolf，anengineer，cameupwithMorpher.Thehelmetismadefrominterwovenplastics（交错编织的塑料）.Itisstrong,butit'salsoflexibleenoughtofoldalmosttotallyflat.Thatmakesiteasytocarry.Morpherispricedat$119.【文章大意】此文为应用文，文章主要介绍了四项新发明。4．WhatcanweknowabouttheSolarRoof?A．Itisdesignedforcars.B．Itiscurrentlyonthemarket.C．Itiscostlybutenergy－saving.D．Itconsistsoflargemetalboxes.【答案】B细节理解题。根据第一段Itisnowavailabletothepublic.可知solarroof已经上市，被公众使用，所以B正确。5．WhatcanusersdowiththeirAlexa?A．Chatwiththeirfriends.B．Controltheirtechthroughvoice.C．Reducenoiseintheirhome.D．Savemoneyontheirpurchases.【答案】细节理解题。根据文章第二段andtoday，youcanuseittoturnonthelights,orderapizza,andmore.可知我们可以利用Alexa来开灯，点外卖等，即利用声音操控高科技。6．WhatdoweknowabouttheEagle360?A．Itisfastenedtocars.B．Itisaself－drivingsystem.C．Itisenvironmentally－friendly.D．Itisintendedforautonomouscars.【答案】D细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句话They'remeantforself—drivingcarsoftomorrow.可知这种轮胎是为无人驾驶汽车准备的，所以D正确。7．WhatisgoodaboutMorpher?A．Itpreventsbikecrashes.B．Itisconvenientlyfoldable.C．Itcanbeboughtworldwide.D．Itischeaperthantraditionalhelmets.【答案】B细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Itisstrong，butit'salsoflexibleenoughtofoldalmosttotallyflat.Thatmakesiteasytocarry.可知Morpher,可弯曲，容易折叠，容易携带，所以B正确。II.阅读七选五（2016・课标卷III）Everyoneknowsthatfishisgoodforhealth.__1__Butitseemsthatmanypeopledon'tcookfishathome.Americanseatonlyaboutfifteenpoundsoffishperpersonperyear，butweeattwiceasmuchfishinrestaurantsasathome.Buying,storing,andcookingfishisn'tdifficult.__2__Thistextisabouthowtobuyandcookfishinaneasyway.__3_Freshfishshouldsmellsweet:youshouldfeelthatyou'restandingattheocean'sedge.Anyfishyorstrongsmellmeansthefishisn'tfresh.__4__Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome,you'dbetterstorethefishintherefrigeratorifyoudon'tcookitimmediately，butfreshfishshouldbestoredinyourfridgeforonlyadayortwo.Frozenfishisn'tastastyasthefreshone.Therearemanycommonmethodsusedtocookfish.__5_First,cleanitandseasonitwithyourchoiceofspices(调料).Putthewholefishonaplateandsteamitinasteampotfor8to10minutesifitweighsaboutonepound.(Alargeronewilltakemoretime.)Then，it'sreadytoserve.A．Donotbuyit.B．Theeasiestistosteamit.C．Thisishowyoucandoit.D．Itjustrequiresalittleknowledge.E．Thefishwillgobadwithinhours.F．Whenbuyingfish，youshouldfirstsmellit.G．Thefatsinfisharethoughttohelppreventheartdisease.【语篇解读】本文为说明文，介绍了买鱼和烹饪鱼的小窍门。1．【答案】G细节句。上句提到吃鱼对人的健康有益，本句是对上句的解释说明，G项符合语境，意为“人们认为鱼的脂肪有助于预防心脏病。”2．【答案】D细节句。上句指出；购买、储存和烹饪鱼并不是难事。本句承接上句，D项符合语境，意为“它只需要一点儿知识”。3．【答案】F主旨句。下文指出了新鲜的鱼和不新鲜的鱼都有什么气味，由此可判断F项为主题句，意为“买鱼时应该先闻闻味道”。4．【答案】A细节句。上句指出有腥味或者味儿很大的不新鲜，本句承接上句，指出不要购买这样的鱼，故A项正确。5．【答案】B过渡句。上文指出做鱼的方法有很多种，根据下文出现的steam可知此处讲述了清蒸的方法，故B项正确，意为“最简单的方法就是清蒸”。III.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（人），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改