全国翻译资格考试catti历年二级笔译真题-笔译实务

全国翻译资格考试catti历年二级笔译真题--笔译实务全国翻译资格考试catti历年二级笔译真题--笔译实务全国翻译资格考试catti历年二级笔译真题--笔译实务资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月全国翻译资格考试catti历年二级笔译真题--笔译实务版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：英语二级笔译2003-2011年真题及部分参考答案2003年12月英语二级笔译实务试题 22004年5月英语二级笔译实务试题 92004年11月二级笔译实务试题 152005年5月二级笔译实务试题 202005年11月二级笔译实务试题 252006年5月二级笔译实务试题 322006年11月二级笔译实务试题 382007年5月二级笔译实务试题 432007年11月二级笔译实务考试真题 462008年5月二级笔译实务试题 502008年11月英语二级笔译实务考试试题 542009年5月英语二级笔译实务考试试题 592009年11月英语二级笔译实务考试试题 612010年5月英语二级笔译实务考试试题 632010年11月英语二级笔译实务考试试题 662011年5月英语二级笔译实务试题 712011年11月英语二级笔译实务试题 782003年12月英语二级笔译实务试题Section1:English–ChineseTranslation(英译汉)Thissectionconsistsoftwoparts,PartA—“CompulsoryTranslation”andPartB—“ChoiceofTwoTranslations”consistingoftwosections“TopicI”and“Topic2”.ForthepassageinPartAandyourchoiceofpassageinPartB,translatetheunderlinedportions,includingtitles,intoChinese.AboveyourtranslationofPartA,write“CompulsoryTranslation”andaboveyourtranslationfromPartB,write“TopicI”or“Topic2”(60points,100minutes)PartACompulsoryTranslation(必译题)（30points）NowheretoGoForthelatestonthepursuitoftheAmericanDreaminSiliconValley,allyouhavetodoistotalktosomeonelike“Nagaraj”(whodidn’twanttorevealhisrealname).He’sanIndianimmigrantwho,likemanyotherIndianengineers,cametoAmericarecentlyonanH-1Bvisa,whichallowsskilledworkerstobeemployedbyonecompanyforasmanyassixyears.Butonemorninglastmonth,NagarajandahalfdozenotherIndianworkerswithH-1BswerecalledintoaconferenceroomintheirSanFranciscotechnology-consultingfirmandtoldtheywerebeinglaidoff.Thereason:weakeningeconomicconditionsinSiliconValley,“Itwastheshockofmylifetime,”saysNagaraj.Thisisnotanormalbear-marketsobstory.Accordingtofederalregulation,Nagarajandhiscolleagueshavetwochoices.TheymusteitherreturntoIndia,orfindanotherjobinatightlabormarketandhopethattheImmigrationandNaturalizationServices(INS)allowthemtotransfertheirvisatothenewcompany.Andthelawdoesn’tallowthemtoearnapay-checkuntilallthepaperworkwindsitswaythroughtheINSbureaucracy.“HowamIgoingtosurvivewithoutanyjobandwithoutanyincome?”Nagarajwonders.Untilrecently,H-1BvisaswerechampionedbySiliconValleycompaniesasthesolutiontotheregion’sshortageofprogrammersandengineers.FirstissuedbytheINSin1992,theyattractskilledworkersfromothercountries,manyofwhombringfamilieswiththem,laydownrootsandapplyforthemorepermanentgreencards.ThroughFebruary2000,morethan81,000workerheldsuchvisas—butwiththedot-comcrash,manyhavebeengettinglaidoff.That’scausingmassconsternationinU.S.immigrantcommunities.TheINSconsidersaworker“outofstatus”whenhelosesajob,whichtechnicallymeansthathemustpackupandgohome.Butbecauseofthescopeofthisyear’slayoffs,theU.S.governmenthasrecentlybackpedaled,issuingaconfusingseriesofstatementsthatsuggestworkersmightbeabletostayiftheyqualifyforsomeexceptionsandcanfindanewcompanytosponsortheirvisa.Buteventhoseloopholesremainnebulous.TheresultisthousandsofimmigrantsnowfacedimmingcareerprospectsinAmerica,andthepossibilitiesthattheywillbesenthome.“Theyareinlimbo.Itisthegreatestformoftorture,”saysAmarVedaoftheSiliconValley-basedImmigrantsSupportNetwork.ThecrisislooksespeciallybadinlightofalltheheatedvisarhetoricbySiliconValleycompaniesinthepastfewyears.LastfalltheindustrywonabigvictorybygettingCongresstoapproveanincreaseintheannualnumberofH-1Bvisas.Now,withtechnologyfirmsretrenching,demandforsuchworkersisslowing.ValleyheavyweightslikeIntel,CiscoandHewlett-Packardhaveallannouncedthousandsoflayoffsthisyear,whichincludemanyH-1Bworkers.TheINSreportedlastmonththatonly16,000newH-1BworkerscametotheUnitedStatesinFebruary—downfrom32,000inFebruaryoflastyear.Lastmonth,acknowledgingthescopeoftheproblem,theINStoldH-1Bholders“nottopanic,”andthattherewouldbeagraceperiodforlaid-offworkersbeforetheyhadtoleavetheUnitedStates.INSspokeswomenEyleenSchmidtpromisesthatmorespecificguidancewillcomethismonth.“Weareawareofthecutbacks,”shesays.“We’retryingtobeasgenerousaswecanbewithintheconfinesoftheexistinglaw.”PartBChoiceofTwoTranslations(二选一题)（30points）Topic1(选题一)WhatIstheForceofGravity?Ifyouthrowaballup,itwillcomedownagain.Whatmakesitcomedown

TheballcomesdownbecauseitispulledorattractedtowardstheEarth.TheEarthexertsaforceofattractiononallobjects.ObjectsthatarenearertotheEarthareattractedtoitwithagreaterforcethanthosethatarefurtheraway.Thisforceofattractionisknownastheforceofgravity.ThegravitationalforceactingonanobjectattheEarth’ssurfaceiscalledtheweightoftheobject.Alltheheavenlybodiesinspacelikethemoon,theplanetsandthestarsalsoexertanattractiveforceonobjects.Thebiggerandheavierabodyis,thegreaterisitsforceofgravity.Thus,sincethemoonisasmallerbodythanEarth,theforceitexertsonanobjectatitssurfaceislessthanthatexertedbytheEarthonthesameobjectontheEarth’ssurface.Infact,themoon’sgravitationalforceisonlyone-sixththatoftheEarth.Thismeansthatanobjectweighing120kilogramsonEarthwillonlyweigh20kilogramsonthemoon.ThereforeonthemoonyoucouldliftweightswhicharesixtimesheavierthantheheaviestweightthatyoucanliftonEarth.TheEarth’sgravitationalforceorpullkeepsusandeverythingelseonEarthfromfloatingawaytospace.TogetoutintospaceandtraveltothemoonorotherplanetswehavetoovercometheEarth’sgravitationalpull.EntryintoSpaceHowcanweovercometheEarth’sgravitationalpull

Scientistshavebeenworkingonthisforalongtime.ItisonlyrecentlythattheyhavebeenabletobuildmachinespowerfulenoughtogetoutoftheEarth’sgravitationalpull.Suchmachinesarecalledspacerockets.TheirgreatspeedandpowerhelpthemtoescapefromtheEarth’sgravitationalpullandgointospace.RocketsThepowerfulspacerocketworksalongthesamelinesasasimplefireworkrocket.Thefireworkrockethasacylindricalbodyandaconicalhead.Thebodyispackedwithgunpowderwhichisthefuel.Itisamixtureofchemicalsthatwillburnrapidlytoformhotgases.Atthebaseorfootoftherocketthereisanopeningornozzle.Afusehangsoutlikeatailfromthenozzle.Alongstickattachedalongthebodyservestodirecttherocketbeforethefuseislighted.Whenthegunpowderburns,hotgasesrushoutofthenozzle.Thehotgasescontinuetorushoutaslongasthegunpowderburns.Whenthesegasesshootdownwardsthroughthenozzletherocketispushedupwards.Thisiscalledjetpropulsion.Thesimpleexperiment,showninthepicture,willhelpyoutounderstandjetpropulsion.Topic2（选题二）BasketballDiplomacyCHINA”STALLESTSOLDIERneverreallyexpectedtolivetheAmericanDream.ButWangZhizhi,a7-foot-1basketballstarfromthePeople’sLiberationArmy,ismakinghistoryasthefirstChineseplayerintheNBA.InhisfirstthreeweeksinAmericathe23-year-oldrookiehasalreadycashedhisfirstbigNBAcheck,presideover“WangZhizhiDay”inSanFranciscoandbecomeimmortalizedonhisveryowntradingcards.He’sevenplayedinfivegameswithhisnewteam,theDallasMavericks,scoring24pointsinjust38minutes.NowtheaffableLieutenantWangisjoiningtheMavericksontheirrideintotheNBAplayoffs—andheisintentonenjoyingeveryminute.OnerecenteveningWangslippedintothehottubbehindthehouseofMavericksassistantcoachDonnNelson.Heleanedback,stretchedoutandpointedataplanemovingacrossthestar-filledsky.InbrokenEnglish,hestartedsinginghisfavoritetune:“IbelieveIcanfly.IbelieveIcantouchthesky.”BackinChina,thenation’sotherbasketballphenom,YaoMing,canonlydreamoftakingflight.YaothoughthewasgoingtobethefirstChineseplayerintheNBA.The7-foot-5ShanghaisensationismorehighlytoutedthanWang:the20-year-oldcouldbetheNo.1overallpickintheJuneNBAdraft.ButastheMay13deadlinetoenterthedraftdrawsnear,Yaoisstillwaitingforahordeofbusinesspeopleandapparatchikstodecidehisfate.Lastweek,asWangscored13pointsintheDallasseasonfinale,YaowaswadingthroughastreamofbicyclesonadustyBeijingstreet.YaoandWangaremorethanjustfreaksofnatureinbasketballshorts.Thetwintowersarenationaltreasures,symbolsofChina’sgrowingstatureintheworld.They’realsoemblematicoftheNBA’soutsizedreamsforconqueringChina.TheNBA,strugglingathome,seessalvationinthelandof1.3billionpotentialhoopfans.China,determinedtowinthe2008OlympicsandjointheWorldTradeOrganization,iseagertomakeitsmarkontheworld—onitsownterms.Thetwo-yearstruggletogettheseyoungplayersintotheNBAhasbeenaculturalcollision—thisonefarremovedfromU.S.-Chinabickeringoverspyplanesandtradeliberalization.Ifitworksout,itcouldbe—inbasketballparlance—theultimategive-and-go.“ThisisjustlikePing-Pongdiplomacy,”saysXiaSong,asport-marketingexecutivewhorepresentsWang.“Onlywithamuchbiggerball.”Twoyearsagoitlookedmorelikeaballandchain.Wang’sArmybossesweremiffedwhentheMaverickshadthenervetodrafttheirstarbackin1999.NelsonremembersflyingtoBeijingwiththethenownerRossPerotJr.—sonoftheeccentricbillionaire—tohammeroutadealwiththestone-facedcommunistsofthePLA.“Youcouldhearthemthinking:‘WhatisthisNBAteamdoing,tryingtolayclaimtoourproperty?’”Nelsonrecalls.“WetriedtoexplainthatthiswasanhonorforWangandforChina.”Therewasnodeal.Wanggrewdespondentandlosthisedgeoncourt.ThisyearYaobecametheanointedone.HeeclipsedWanginscoringandrebounding,andevenstoleawayhiscovetedMVPawardintheChineseBasketballAssociationleague.ItlookedasifhisShanghaiteam—adynamicsemicapitalistclubinChina’smostopencity—wouldgetitsstartotheNBAfirst.ThencametheMarchmadness.WangbrokeoutofhisslumptoleadtheArmyteamtoitssixthconsecutiveCBAtitle—scoring40inthefinalgame.AdaylaterthePLAscoredsomepointsofitsownbyannouncingthatWangwasfreetogoWest.Whatinspiredthechangeofheart

NodoubttheMavericksworkedtobuildtrustwithChineseofficials(eveninvitingnational-teamcoachWangFeitospendthe1999-2000seasoninDallas).TherewasalsothesmallmatterofChinesepride.Thenationalteamstumbledtoa10th-placefinishatthe2000Olympics,afterplacingeighthin1996.Eventhemostintransigentcadrecouldseethattheteamwouldimproveonlyifitsentitsstarsoverseastolearnfromtheworld’sbestplayers.Section2:Chinese-EnglishTranslation（汉译英）Thissectionconsistsoftwoparts,PartA—“CompulsoryTranslation”andPartB—“ChoiceofTwoTranslations”consistingoftwosections“Topic1”and“Topic2”.ForthepassageinPartAandyourchoiceofpassageinPartB,translatetheunderlinedportions,includingtitles,intoEnglish.AboveyourtranslationofPartA,write“CompulsoryTranslation”andaboveyourtranslationfromPartB,write“Topic1”or“Topic2”(40points,80minutes)PartACompulsoryTranslation（必译题）（20points）中华民族历来尊重人的尊严和价值。还在遥远的古代，我们的先人就已提出“民为贵”的思想，认为“天生万物，唯人为贵”，一切社会的发展和进步，都取决于人的发展和进步，取决于人的尊严的维护和价值的发挥。中国共产党领导人民进行革命、建设和改革，就是要实现全中国人民广泛的自由、民主和人权。今天中国所焕发出来的巨大活力，是中国人民拥有广泛自由、民主的生动写照。中国在公元一世纪人口就已达到过六千万左右，众多人口的衣食住行，几千年来一直是中国历代政府所要解决的首要人权问题。今天的中国是一个有十二亿多人口的发展中大国，仍然必须首先保障最广大人民的生存权和发展权，不然一切其他权利都无从谈起。中国确保十二亿多人的生存权和发展权，这是对世界人权进步事业的重大贡献。PartBChoiceofTwoTranslation（二选一题）（20points）Topic1（选题一）艾滋病艾滋病是一种威胁生命的疾病，它侵袭人体内的自然免疫系统，破坏人体的自卫能力。艾滋病本身并不致命，但是，由于人体的免疫系统遭到破坏，病人几乎没有能力低于其他许多疾病的侵袭，例如，肺炎、癌症、致盲性疾病和精神错乱。艾滋病毒存在于人的体液中。这种病毒可以通过性生活或共用静脉注射器传播，也可以通过血制品传播，并且可以从患艾滋病的孕妇身上传播给她的妊娠婴儿。有关艾滋病传播的许多说法是错误的。与艾滋病患者一起工作或上学不会传染上艾滋病，触摸他们用过的饮水杯或其他东西也不会传染上艾滋病。专家们说：没有人因为与艾滋病患者一起生活、照料艾滋病患者或触摸艾滋病患者而染上艾滋病。Topic2（选题二）时间之谜如果你能够看懂时钟，你就可以知道一天的时间。但是谁也不知道，时间本身究竟是什么。时间是看不到、摸不着、听不见的，我们只能记录时间消逝的办法才知道时间的存在。虽然我们成功的测量了时间的分分秒秒，但时间仍然是宇宙间及其神秘的现象之一。思考时间的一个方法是设想一个没有时间的世界。那样，就不可能有运动了，因为时间和运动是不可分开的。一个没有时间的世界只有在没有变化的情况下才能存在。因为时间和变化是联系在一起的。当某件事发生变化时，你知道时间已经流逝。在现实世界里，变化是永无止境的，有一些变化，如月食，只发生在瞬间，而另一些变化则反复出现，比如日出和日落。人们一直注意那些反复出现的自然现象，在人们开始计算这些现象时，他们就开始测定时间了。参考译文Section1:汉译英（60分）PartA必译题（30分）[参考译文]无家可归这不是正常的有市场疲软而引发的悲剧故事。根据联邦政府的规定，纳加拉吉和他的同事有两个选择：要么立即回印度，要么在供过于求的劳动市场找到一份新工作，然后寄希望与移民规划局把他们的签证转到他们的新公司去。在法律上，他不能有收入，除非他办完移民局所有的手续之后。“没有工作，没有收入，我怎么生存呀？”纳加拉吉愁眉不展。不久前，H-1B签证还是硅谷各公司解决当地程序员和工程师短缺问题的香饽饽。H-1B签证始于1992年，移民局希望通过签发这种签证来吸引其他国家的熟练工人来美工作。他们中的许多人带着妻儿，落地生根，并申请有永久居住权的绿卡。截止到2000年2月，大约有8.1万名工人持有这种签证。但随着网络经济的崩溃，许多人遭到解雇。这导致了在美国移民社区的很大不安。当一个工人丢了饭碗，移民局就认为他“没有身份乐”，在理论上，你可以认为他必须卷起行李回家了。由于今年工人被解雇幅度太大，美国政府近来有所让步，宣布了一系列模糊不清的政策，暗示如果他们符合某些特例并能找到一个公司为他们担保签证的话，他们还可以留下来。这一政策的结果就是数以千计的移民在美国面临着暗淡的不确定的前景，甚至被突然遣送回家。“他们生活在地狱的边缘，这也许是最痛苦的。”坐落在硅谷的移民互助网络组织的阿玛·维达这样认为。在过去的几年里，硅谷的公司对这种H-1B的作用大肆吹捧，导致现在的情况更加糟糕。不久前，它们刚刚成功说服国会增加每年的H-1BQ签证的签发数量。但现在技术公司的紧缩使这一需求减慢。今年，硅谷的大公司如英特尔﹑思科和惠普都宣布裁员上千人，其中有许多H-1B签证持有者。移民局上个月声称今年2月份有大约16，000名H-1B工人来到美国，大大低于去年2月份的32，000人。上个月，了解到问题的严重性的美国移民局通知H-1B签证持有者“不要惊慌”，在他们被迫离开美国之前，会有一个宽限期。移民局的女发言人埃仑·史密斯表示：“我们对裁员很清楚，这个月将有更多的导向性的政策出台。我们将在现有法律允许的范围里采取更宽容的政策。”PartB二选一题（30分）选题一[参考译文]什么是重力？假如你把一个球往上抛，它还会掉下来。球为什么会掉下来呢？球掉下来是因为球被吸引或拉向地球。地球对所有物体都施加吸引力。离地球较近的物体所受的吸引力，比远离地球的物体所受的吸引力大。这种吸引力通常叫做重力。作用于地球表面上物体的引力，叫做物体的重量。空间所有的天体，如月球﹑行星和星星，对物体也都有吸引力。物体越大﹑越重，其引力也就越大。既然月球比地球小，因此，月球对月球表面上一物体施加的力，将比地球对地球表面上同一物体施加的力要小。实际上，月球的引力只有地球引力的六分之一。这就是说，地球上一个重120公斤的物体，在月球上会只重20公斤。因此，在月球上你能举起的重量，将是你在地球上所能举起的最大重量的六倍。地球的引力或拉力，使我们和地球上别的任何东西都不致漂浮到空间中。要飞向空间并到月球或其他行星去旅游，就必须克服地球的引力。进入空间怎么才能克服地球的引力呢？科学家们为此进行了长期的研究。直到最近，他们才能够制造出足以克服地球引力的强有力的机器。这种机器就称为宇宙火箭。宇宙火箭的巨大速度和强大的动力，帮助它挣脱地球的引力而进入空间。火箭强大的宇宙火箭的工作原理和简单的烟火火箭是一样的。烟火火箭有一圆柱形壳体和一锥形头部。壳体内充填黑色火药作为燃料。它是一种化学品的混合物，能迅速燃烧形成炽热的气体。火箭的底部有一个通道，即喷口。从喷口伸出一根尾巴似的引信。沿壳体装着一根长棍，用以在引信点着以前确定火箭发射的方向。当黑色火药燃烧时，炽热的气体，即燃气从喷口急速排出。只要黑色火药还在燃烧，燃气就不断急速排出。当这些燃气通过喷口往下喷出时，火箭就被向上推进。这就叫做喷气推进。图中所示的简单实验，可以帮助你了解喷气推进。选题二[参考答案]篮球外交姚和王不仅仅是篮球队员中的奇人。这两座塔是国家的财富，是中国在世界上地位提高的象征。他们也是NBA梦想征服中国的象征。NBA，还在国内争斗的时候，就看到了在13亿潜在篮球迷的国土上的前景。中国——志在夺取2008年奥运会主办权和加入世界贸易组织——正急于在世界上留下标记，当然是按照自己的条件。两年来，让这些年轻球员加盟NBA的斗争已经演变成一场文化冲突——这种冲突被美中之间关于侦察飞机和贸易自由化的争吵大大淡化了。如果成功的话，它可能是——用一句篮球术语来说——最终的二人配合。“这就像乒乓外交，”夏松，一个代表王的体育市场经理人说，“只不过球个大些。”两年前，这件事情更像是锁链。当小牛队早在1999年要挑选他们的明星时，王所在部队的头头们非常恼火。尼尔森仍记得与当时（小牛队）的拥有人罗斯·小皮劳特——那个行为古怪的亿万富翁的儿子——一块飞往北京，同面孔古板的人民解放军干部敲定一项交易的情景。“你能听见他们所想的：‘这个NBA球队在干什么，想对我们的财产提出要求吗？’”尼尔森回忆道。“我们试图解释这对王和中国都是一件光荣的事。”交易没达成。王变得十分沮丧，失去了场上锋芒。这年，姚成为选定球员。他在得分和挣抢蓝板球方面超过了王，甚至在中国篮球协会联赛中夺走了他垂涎已久的MVP（最有价值球员）奖。表面看来，似乎他所在的上海队——一个中国最开放城市中充满活力的半资本主义俱乐部——将首先把它的球星送进NBA。后来，3月巅峰来临。王打破消沉，率领八一队连续第六次摘取联赛桂冠——他在决赛中独得40分。一天以后，人民解放军宣布王可以自由地去西方，又为自己赢了不少分。是什么因素导致了这种变化？毫无疑问，与小牛队致力于与中国官员建立信任的努力密不可分（甚至邀请国家队教练王飞在达拉斯度过1999-2000赛季）。当然还有一些小小的中国人的自尊心因素。国家队在2000年奥运会结束时踉踉跄跄地挤到第10位，而在1996年列第8位。即使是最顽固的干部也会明白，只有把自己的球星派到海外向世界最优秀的球员学习，才能提高球队的水平。

Section2:汉译英（40分）PartA必译题（20分）[参考译文]TheChinesenationhasalwaysvaluedhumandignityandvalue.Evenintheancientdays,ourancestorscameupwiththeideaofpeoplebeingmostimportant,believingthat“manisthemostvaluableamongallthethingsthatheavenfosters.”Progressanddevelopmentofasocietyhingeonhumanprogressanddevelopmentanddependonhowwellhumandignityismaintainedandhowmuchhumanvalueisrealized.TheCommunistPartyofChinahasledtheChinesepeopleincarryingoutrevolution,developmentandreformpreciselyforthepurposeofensuringtheentireChinesepeoplebroadfreedoms,democracyandhumanrights.TheimmensevitalitydisplayedbyChinatodayisavividreflectionofthebroadfreedomsanddemocraticrightsenjoyedbytheChinesepeople.China’spopulationreachedaround60millionasearlyasinthefirstcentury.Forseveralthousandyears,tomeetthepeople’sneedforfood,clothes,housingandtransporthasallalongbeentheprimaryhumanrightschallengeforsuccessivegovernmentsinChinesehistory.Intoday’sChina,whichisalargedevelopingcountrywithapopulationofover1.2billion,toppriorityshouldstillbegiventoensuringthegreatestpossiblemajorityofitspeopletherightstosubsistenceanddevelopment.Otherwise,therewouldbenootherrightstospeakof.Tohavebeenabletoensureourpeopletheserightsisinitselfamajorcontributiontotheprogressoftheworldhumanrightscause.PartB二选一题（20分）选题一[参考译文]AIDSAIDSisalife-threateningsicknessthatarracksthebody’snaturaldefensesystemagainstdisease.Itcandestroythebody’sabilitytoprotectitself.AIDSitselfdoesnotkill.Butbecausethebody’sdefensesystemisdamaged,thepatienthaslittleabilitytofightoffmanyotherdiseases,suchaspneumonia,cancer,blindnessandmentaldisorders.TheAIDSvirusiscarriedinaperson’sbodyfluids.Theviruscanbepassedsexuallyorbysharinginstrumentsusedtotakeintravenousdrugs.ItalsocanbepassedinbloodproductsorfromapregnantwomanwithAIDStoherdevelopingbaby.ManystoriesaboutthespreadofAIDSarefalse.YoucannotgetAIDSbyworkingorattendingschoolwithsomeonewhohasthedisease.Youcannotgetitbytouchingdrinkingglassesorotherobjectsusedbysuchpersons.ExpertssaynoonehasgottenAIDSbylivingwith,caringforortouchinganAIDSpatient.选题二[参考译文]MYSTERYOFTIMEIfyoucanreadaclock,youcanknowthetimeofday.Butnooneknowswhattimeitselfis.Wecannotseeit.Wecannottouchit.Wecannothearit.Weknowitonlybythewaywemarkitspassing.Foralloursuccessinmeasuringthetiniestpartsoftime,timeremainsoneofthegreatmysteriesoftheuniverse.Onewayofthinkingabouttimeistoimagineaworldwithouttime.Thentherecouldbenomovement,becausetimeandmovementcannotbeseparated.Aworldwithouttimecouldexistonlyaslongastherewerenochanges.Fortimeandchangearelinked.Whensomethingchanges,youknowtimehaspassed.Intherealworld,changesneverstop.Somechangeshappenonlyonceinawhile,likeaneclipseofthemoon.Othershappenrepeatedly,liketherisingandsettingofthesun.Peoplehavealwaysnotednaturaleventsthatrepeatthemselves.Whenpeoplebegantocountsuchevents,theybegantomeasuretime.

2004年5月英语二级笔译实务试题Section1:English-ChineseTranslation（英译汉）（60point）Thissectionconsistsoftwoparts:PartA“CompulsoryTranslation”andPartB“OptionalTranslations”whichcomprises“Topic1”and“Topic2”.TranslatethepassageinPartAandyourchoicefrompassageinPartBintoChinese.Write“CompulsoryTranslation”aboveyourtranslationofPartAandwrite“Topic1”or“Topic2”aboveyourtranslationofthepassagefromPartB.Thetimeforthissectionis100minutes.PartACompulsoryTranslation（必译题）（30points）

ThefirstoutlineofTheAscentofManwaswritteninJuly1969andthelastfootoffilmwasshotinDecember1972.Anundertakingaslargeasthis,thoughwonderfullyexhilarating,isnotenteredlightly.Itdemandsanunflaggingintellectualandphysicalvigour,atotalimmersion,whichIhadtobesurethatIcouldsustainwithpleasure;forinstance,IhadtoputoffresearchesthatIhadalreadybegun;andIoughttoexplai-nwhatmovedmetodoso.

Therehasbeenadeepchangeinthetemperofscienceinthelast20years:thefocusofattentionhasshiftedfromthephysicaltothelifesciences.Asaresult,scienceisdrawnmoreandmoretothestudyofin-dividuality.Buttheinterestedspectatorishardlyawareyethowfar-reachingtheeffectisinchangingtheimageofmanthatsciencemoulds.Asamathematiciantrainedinphysics,Itoowouldhavebeenunaware,hadnotaseriesofluckychancestakenmeintothelifesciencesinmiddleage.Ioweadebtforthegoodfortunethatcarriedmeintotwoseminalfieldsofscienceinonelifetime;andthoughIdonotknowtowhomthedebtisdue,IconceivedTheAscentofManingratitudetorepayit.

TheinvitationtomefromtheBritishBroadcastingCorporationwastopresentthedevelopmentofscienceinaseriesoftelevisionprogrammestomatchthoseofLordClarkonCivilisation.Televisionisanadmirablemedium-forexpositioninseveralways:powerfulandimmediatetotheeye,abletotakethespectatorbodilyintotheplacesandprocessesthataredescribed,andconversationalenoughtomakehimconsciousthatwhathewitnessesarenoteventsbuttheactionsofpeople.Thelastofthesemeritsistomymindthemostcogent,anditweighedmostwithmeinagreeingtocastapersonalbiographyofideasintheformoftelevisionessays.Thepointisthatknowledgeingeneralandscienceinparticulardoesnotconsistofabstractbutofman-madeideas,allthewayfromitsbeginningstoitsmodernandidiosyncraticmodels.Thereforetheunderlyingconceptsthatunlocknaturemustbeshowntoariseearlyandinthesimplestculturesofmanfromhisbasicandspecificfaculties.Andthedevelopmentofsciencewhichjoinstheminmoreandmorecomplexconjunctionsmustbeseentobeequallyhuman:discoveriesaremadebymen,notmerelybyminds,sothattheyarealiveandchargedwithindividuality.Iftelevisionisnotusedtomakethesethoughtsconcrete,itiswasted.PartBOptionalTranslations（二选一题）（30points）Topic1（选题一）

It’snotthatweareafraidofseeinghimstumble,ofscribblingamustacheoverhiscareer.Sure,thenicepartofuswantsMiketoknowweappreciatehim,thathestillreigns,atleastinourmemory.Thetruth,though,isthatwedon’twanthimtocomebackbecauseevenforMichaelJordan,thiswouldbeanactofhubrissomonumentalastomakehistrademarkconfidencetwistintoconceit.Wedon’twanthimbackonthecourtbecausenoonelikesashow-off.Thestumbling

Thatwillbefun.

Butwearenicepeople,weAmericans,with225yearsofoptimismatourbacks.DaysagowhenM.J.saidhehadmadeadecisionaboutreturningtotheNBAinSeptember,wegotexcited.Hehadsaidthedaybefore,“Ilookforwardtoplaying,andhopefullyIcangettothatpointwhereIcanmakethatdecision.It’sO.K.,tohavesomedoubt,andit’sO.K.tohavesomenervousness.”ATime/CNNpolllastweekhasAmericans,2to1,sayingtheywouldlikehimonthecourtASAP.Andonly21percentthoughtthatifhecamebackandjustcompletelybombed,itwoulddamagehislegend.Infactonly28percentthinkathletesshouldretireattheirpeak.

SourcesclosetohimtellTimethatwhenJordanfirsttalkedaboutacomebackwiththeWashingtonWizards,theteamJordanco-ownsandwouldplayfor,someofhistrustedadvisersprivatelytriedtodiscouragehim.“Buttheysayiftheytrytostophim,itwillonlyfirmuphisresolve,”saysanNBAsource.

TheproblemwithJordan’sreturnisnotonlythathecan’tpossiblyliveuptothestorybookendinghegaveupin1998—earninghissixthringwithalast-secondchampionship-winningshot.Theproblemisthatthemotivesforcomingback—needingtheattention,needingtoplayevenwhenhis38-year-oldbodydoesnot—violatetheverymythofJordan,themythofabsolutecontrol.BabeRuth,the20thcentury’sfirststar,wasagustoffatbravadoanddrunkentalent,whileJordanendedthecenturybyprovingtheeleganceofresolve;Babe’spointingtothebleachersreplacedbythecharmofabackpedalingshouldershrug.Jordansymbolizedsuccessbynotsullyinghisbrandwithhispolitics,hisopinionorsuperstarpersonality.TobeaJordanfanwastobeafanofclassinessandconfidence.

TocomebackwhenheknowsthatplayingforWizardswon’tgethimanywherenearthesecondroundoftheplay-offs,whenheknowsthathewon’tbetheleaguescoringleader,that’salossofcontrol.

Jordandoesnotcarewhatwethink.Friendssaythathetakesarticlesthattellhimnottocomebackandtacksthemallonhisrefrigeratorasinspiration.SowhybotherwritingsomethingtellinghimnottocomebackHeisstillMichaelJordan.Topic2（选题二）

EvenafterIwastoogrown-uptoplaythatgameandtoogrown-uptotellmymotherthatIlovedher,IstillbelievedIwasthebestdaughter.Didn’tIrunallthewayuptotheterracetocheckonthedryingmangopickleswheneversheasked

AsIenteredmyteens,itseemedthatIwasbecominganevenbetter,morelovingdaughter.Didn’tIdropwhateverIwasdoingeachafternoontogotothecornergrocerytopickupanyspicesmymotherhadrunoutof

Mymother,ontheotherhand,seemedmoreandmoreunlovingtome.Somedaysshepositivelyresembledawitchasshethreatenedtopackmeofftomyseconduncle’shomeinprovincialBarddhaman—afateworsethandeathtoacoolCalcuttagirllikeme—ifmygradesdidn’timprove.Otherdaysshewouldsitmedownandtellmeabout“GirlsWhoBroughtShametoTheirFamilies”.Therewereapparently,amillionwaysinwhichonecoulddothis,andmymotherwasdeterminedthatIshouldbecautionedagainsteveryoneofthem.Onprinciple,shedisapprovedofeverythingIwantedtodo,fromgoingtostudyinAmericatopermingmyhair,andherfavoritephrasewas“overmydeadbody.”ItwasclearthatIlovedherfarmorethanshelovedme—thati