2020年高三英语第一次模拟考试试题

高三英语第一次模拟考试第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ADoyouknowthetoysbelow?Theywereonceamongthemostpopulartoys.1960—EtchASketchFrenchelectricianAndreCassagneshadtheideaofadrawingtoywithajoystick,aglassscreen,andaluminum(铝)powder.Usingthatidea,theOhioArtCo.launched(推出)theMagicScreenin1960,andyoucoulderasethepicturewithashakeofyourhands.Youcanstillfindthetoytoday.1964—SuperBallWhathappenswhenyouaccidentallycreateaplasticballthatjumps?Thetoycompany,Wham-OInc.,buysyourideaanditendsupsellingmillions.That'sexactlywhathappenedtoNormanStingley,achemicalengineerwhocameuponSuperBall.Atonetime,Wham-Ohadtoproduceover170,000ballsadaytokeepupwiththedemand.Unbelievably,theNationalFootballGamenamedtheSuperBowlgame(awell-knownAmericanfootballgame)afterthisjumpingball.1964—G.I.JoeIn1964,HasbrotoycompanycreatedG.I.Joe,alineofactionfiguresdesignedtorepresentthe4branchesoftheUSArmedForces—ActionSoldier(Army),ActionSailor(Navy),ActionPilot(AirForce),andtheActionMarine(MarineCorps).G.I.Joewasimaginedasanexcellentmilitaryunitdevotedtodefendingcitizens'freedomagainsttheevilpersons.Ithasattractedtheimaginationofboysaroundtheworld.1965—OperationAnunsteadyhandisyourdownfall(败落的原因)inthegameofOperation,whichwasinventedbyJohnSpinello,astudentattheUniversityofIllinois.Later,Spinellosoldhisrighttothetoytoawell-knowntoydesignerMarvinGlassforasumof$500.OperationiscurrentlymadebyHasbro,withestimatedsalesof$40million.Whichtoyhasarelationshipwiththesportsevent?EtchASketch.B.SuperBall.C.G.I.Joe.D.Operation.WhoprobablyaremostinterestedinG.I.Joe?Thosefondofarts.Thosefondofconstruction.Thosefondofbravesoldiers.Thosefondofkinddoctors.IfyouwanttoplaywithOperationsuccessfully,youshould.keepyourhandstablehavebetterteamworkgetNormanStingley'sguidancehaveajoystickandaglassscreenBAttentionmanagers:thenexttimeyouneedtoinspireyourteamcreatively,bemoreattentivetoyouremployees'feelingswhenyoudelivernegativefeedback（反绩）.Kim，whoworkedasasoftwareengineerforSamsungaftergraduationfromcollege,isfamiliarwithhavinghiscreativeworkpickedapart.“IpersonallyhatehearingnegativefeedbackasmostpeopledoandIwonderedifitreallyimprovedmyperformance,particularlywhenitcametocompletingcreativetasks.”Intwostudies,Kimfoundthatnegativefeedbackcanhelporpreventcreativity.Whatismostimportantiswherethecriticism（批评）comesfrom.Whencreativeprofessionalsorparticipantsreceivedcriticismfromabossorapeer,theytendedtobelesscreativeintheirlaterwork.Interestingly,ifapersonreceivednegativefeedbackfromanemployeeoflowerrank,theybecamemorecreative.Itmakessensethatemployeesmightfeelthreatenedbycriticismfromtheirmanagers.Supervisors（监督员；管理者）havealotofpowerindecidingpromotionsorpayraises.Sonegativefeedbackfromabossmi运itcausecareer（职业）anxiety.Italsostandstoreasonthatfeedbackfromaco-workermightalsobereceivedasthreatening.Weoftencompetewithourpeersforthesamepromotionsandchances.WhatKimfoundmostsurprisingwashowcriticismprovedtoimprovesupervisorsthroughlessonslearnedfromnegativefeedbackthatcamefromtheirfollowers（employeesthattheymanage）.“Butwetendtobelieveweshouldn'tcriticizetheboss，”saysKim.“Inreality，mostsupervisorsdon'tdetestnegativefeedbacksincetheywanttolearnfromit.Anotherreasonisthattheyareinanaturalpowerpositionandcandealwiththediscomfortofnegativefeedbackbetter.”Asforgivingsuggestionstoemployees，bossesshouldpointoutafollower'spoorperformanceorweakpointsintime.Buttheyshouldkeeptheirfeedbackspecifictotasks.Explainhowthepointthey'rediscussingrelatestoonlytheirtaskbehavior,nottoaspectsoftheperson.Meanwhile,feedbackreceiversneedtoworrylesswhenitcomestoreceivingcriticism.What'sthemotivationbehindKim'sstudy?Toworkonhisessaysforgraduation.Tohaveabetterknowledgeofcriticism.Tocallforunderstandingbetweenworkers.Toencourageacultureofcriticismintheworkplace.What'sthemainideaofParagraph4?Whattypicalpowersupervisorspossess.Whatfeedbackcancausecareeranxieties.Howworkerscanhaveagoodimpressiononbosses.Whycertaincriticismharmsaperson'sperformance.WhatamazedKimmostlyinthestudy?Somepeopleenjoynegativefeedback.Employeesarebravetocriticizetheboss.CFollowers'criticismmaybenefitmanagers.Manybossessometimesstruggleintheirwork.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“detest”inParagraph6mostprobablymean?Hate.B.Understand.C.Discuss.D.Provide.CRecentlyaccordingtoanewresearch，humanshavehadalinktostarches（含淀粉的食物）forupto120,000years—that'smorethan100,000yearslongerthanwe'vebeenabletoplanttheminthesoilduringthetimeoftheIceAge'sdrawingtoanend.TheresearchispartofanongoingstudyintothehistoryofMiddleStoneAgecommunities.AninternationalteamofscientistsidentifiedevidenceofprehistoricstarchconsumptionintheKlasiesRiverCave,inpresent-daySouthAfrica.Analyzingsmall,ashy,undisturbedhearths（壁炉）insidethecave,there-searchersfound“piecesofburnedstarches”rangingfromaround120,000to65,000yearsold.Itmadethemtheoldestknownexamplesofstarcheseatenbyhumans.Thefindingsdonotcomeasacompletesurprise—butratheraswelcomeconfirmationofoldertheoriesthatlackedtherelatedevidence.TheleadauthorCynthiaLarbeysaidthattherehadpreviouslyonlybeengenetic（基因的）biologicalevidencetosuggestthathumanshadbeeneatingstarchforthislong.Thisnewevidence,however,takesusdirectlytothedinnertable,andsupportsthepreviousassumptionthathumans，digestiongenesgraduallyevolvedinordertofitintoanincreaseddigestionofstarch.Co-authorSarahWurzsaid,“ThestarchremainsshowthattheseearlyhumanslivingintheKlasiesRiverCavecouldbattleagainsttheirtoughenvironmentandfindsuitablefoodsandperhapsmedicines.Andasmuchasweallstilldesirethetubers（块茎），thesecavecommunitiesweregrillingstarchessuchaspotatoesontheirfoot-longhearths.Theyknewhowtobalancetheirdietsaswellastheycould,withfatsfromlocalfishandotheranimals.”Asearlyasthe1990s,someresearchersstartedtostudythehearthsintheKlasiesRiverCave.ScientistHilaryDeaconfirstsuggestedthatthesehearthscontainedburnedplants.Atthetime,thepropermethodsofexaminingtheremainswerenotyetavailable.Wenowknowhumanbeingshavealwaysbeensearchingfortheirdesiredthings.Whendidhumansbegintofarmstarches?AftertheIceAge.AftertheMiddleStoneAge.About20,000yearsago.About100,000yearsago.Accordingtothescientists,remainsintheKlasiesRiverCaveshowthatSouthAfricaoncehadrichsoiltogrowcropshearthswerewidespreadinearlyhumanhistoryearlyhumanspossiblydroveawayanimalsbyfiresettlerstheremighthaveusedfiretocookstarchesWhatwasthepreviousassumptionofstarches?Starchdietpromotedfoodculture.Starchdietshapedhumans'evolution.Starcheshadavarietyoffunctions.Starchesofferedhumansrichnutrition.WhatcanwelearnabouttheearlyhumansdescribedbySarahWurz?Theyweresmartandtough.Theypreferredplantstomeat.Theyweregenerallyveryhealthy.Theygotalongwitheachother.DEveryoneknowsthattohelplessentheongoingclimatecrisis,weneedtoplantnewtrees.ApaperrecentlypublishedinSciencepredictsthatourEarthcouldsupportanadditional9,000,000sqkmofforest,potentiallyhosting500billiontreesthatareabletoabsorbmorethan200billiontonnesofCO2.Itwouldbeaserioushelp.TheEarth'slandis149,000,000sqkm.Accordingtoourstudy,whenwetakeoutglaciers（冰川）anddeserts,weareleftwith104,000,000sqkm.Whenwefurthertakeoutcities,freshwater,forests,etc.,wefinallyget51,000,000sqkmofarable（适于耕种的）landbadlyneededtofeed7.5billionhumanbeings.Veryfewpeopleareawareofthegreatcomplexityofthewholesystem.“Widespreaduseatthescaleofmillionsofsquarekilometersgloballyoftree-plantingandbioenergycrops（用于制造生物能源的农作物）planting,”readsanIPCCreport,ucouldhavepotentiallybadconsequencesforfoodsecurityandlanddegradation（退化）.”Inotherwords,morewidespreadmonoculture（单一栽培）andmorebioenergycropscoulddegradesoil.Bioenergynowhasa50percentshareoftheworld'srenewableenergyconsumption,accordingtoexpertFatihBirol'swords“:asmuchaswind,solarandallotherscombined”.It'sgoodnews，butnotentirely.Onereasonisthatrisingoceanlevelsanddesertsspreadingaretakingawaymorearableland.Sowearriveatatoughchoice.Shouldweuseoursparesoilforagriculture,reforestationorbioenergy?Firstly,whenplanningtouselotsofsparelandtogrowtrees,weshouldnoticethatlastyear,36,000sqkmofforestwascutdown.Sowouldn'titbebettertostartbystoppingcuttingdownforestsaltogether?Besides,animalfarmingtakesup77percentoftheworld'sarablelandandprovidesuswith18percentofthecalories.Shouldn'twegloballycutbackonmeatconsumption?Lastly,modembioenergy,whichismadefromnon-food-crops,isalreadyavailable.Shouldn'tweavoidfirst-generationbiofuels，whichareobtainedfromfoodcrops?WhatdoestheSciencepaperpredict?Peoplewillbemoreactiveinplantingtrees.Theclimatechangewilllesseninthefuture.LargequantitiesoftreescanhelphandleC02.Treeswillplayamuchbiggerroleinourdailylife.WhatarethefiguresinParagraph2mainlyintendedtoshow?Humansfaceafreshwatercrisis.TheEarthslandhasvariousfunctions.ForeststakeupasmallpartoftheEarth'sland.Thearablelandishardtofeedtheworld'spopulation.WhatcanbeinferredfromtheIPCCreport?Plantingtreesbenefitsbioenergycrops.Morelandcanbeusedforgrowingbioenergycrops.Theconditionofplentyoflandhasbeenimproved.Largescaleoftree-plantingmaybeadouble-edgedsword.What'sthelastparagraphmainlyabout?Howtoproperlyuseoursparesoil.Howtoproducemoretreesandbiofuels.Whytoprotectourenvironment.Whattoknowaboutourroleinnature.第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Socialpsychology'srootswerelaidinthelate1800sofEurope.Socialpsychologybecameadistinctdisciplineinthe1920s.16Hewascalledthe“father"ofthediscipline.17Socialpsychologystudiespeople'sattitudes,beliefs,andbehaviors.Italsoexaminesinterpersonalinteraction,analyzingthewayinwhichsomeoneinteractswithotherpeople.Italsoexaminesculturalinfluenceslikeadvertisements,books,films,television,andradio.Socialpsychologistsliketouseempirical（以实验为依据的）methodstoconductstudiesintheirfields.Thesemethodsofteninvolveexperimentswhichcanbringupcomplexethical（伦理的）problems.OneofthemostinfamoussocialpsychologyexperimentswastheStanfordPrisonExperiment.18Toavoidarepeatofsuchquestionableexperiments,socialpsychologistsrelyontheeffortsofethicscommitteestoensurethattheirworkisethicallyallowable.Thestudyofsocialpsychologyissignificant.Itcanexplainhowgroupsmakedecisions,whichsocialconditionscanleadtoimproperbehavior,etc.Andsocialpsychologistsareconstantlylearningmoreaboutthesciencebehindhumaninteractions.19Ifyouwanttolearnmoreaboutthisfieldofpsychology,youmaybeabletotakeanintroductorycourseatalocalcollegeinyourarea.20Onceyoustartstudyingthediscipline,trytobedevotedtoit!・Oryoumaygivelecturesonthisfield.Socialpsychologydealswithawiderangeofareas.Itwasshutdownatlastbecauseitgotoutofcontrol.OneofthemajorinfluencesinthefieldwasKurtLewin.Sosocialpsychologyisadisciplinethat'sbeneficialtohumans.Zimbardoisalsoaveryfamoussocialpsychologistintheworld.Youcanalsoconsultyourlibraryforsomepublishedtextsonthesubject.第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。BrandonSteinercreatedthebagel（百吉饼）businessattheageof12.21,thebusinesswasn'tgreat.Meanwhile,hedeliveredpaperseverymorning.WhathismothersaidgaveSteinergreat22.Whendeliveringpapersthen,hestarted23eachcustomerabagel.Withinamonthhewasmakinghisdeliveriesinasmallshoppingcart24250paperseachdayweretoomuchforhisbike.Later,theimprovementofhisbusiness25hisreplacingthesmallcartwithalargeone.Steinermade$5.50anhourbystarting26at4:30amanditwasaprettyhighincomeforakidinthe1970s.Thisexperienceisoneofhisinvaluablelife27,whichshowshisremarkablebusiness28.He29asanincrediblysuccessfulentrepreneurwhorevolutionizedthesportsmemorabilia（纟己念品）30,turningasmallfirmwith“$4,000,acomputerandaworker"intoSteinerSports,helpingothersmallrelatedcompaniesto31theirbusiness.SteinerSportshasspent25yearsbuildinga32withmorethan2,000athletes.SteinerSportsisalsothe33producerofcollectibles（收藏品）fromathleticstarslikeDerekJeterandPeytonManning.Steinerhas34countlessbaseballsandfootballhelmets,andsignedsportsshirts.Asonemightguess,therearealotofstories35toSteiner.HesoldhisSteinerSportstoOmnicomGroupforareported$25million.36_sellingit,Steinerstilloffersadvicetohelprunthecompanythatwas37.byhimself.Hehasalsowrittensomebooksonhis38.ThekidfromBrooklyn,whonowlivesinScarsdale,NY,39somuchwhengrowingfromanewspaperdeliveryboytoa(n)40entrepreneurandwriter.21.22.A.MoreoverA.ambitionB.HoweverB.adaptationC.ThereforeD.AnywayC.conclusionD.inspiration23.A.bringingB.findingC.buyingD.passing24.A.thoughB.ifC.sinceD.but25.A.contributedtoB.reliedonC.figuredoutD.wrestledwith26.A.studyingB.cookingC.exercisingD.working27.A.goalsB.lessonsC.dreamsD.activitiesA.interestB.determinationC.talentD.qualificationA.endedupB.resultedinC.brokeoutD.tookonA.cultureB.competitionC.educationD.industryA.mindB.practiseC.expandD.manageA.scholarshipB.ownershipC.membershipD.relationshipA.leadingB.privateC.efficientD.foreignA.receivedB.exportedC.marketedD.purchasedA.equalB.relativeC.trueD.similarA.OnbehalfofB.InconsequenceofC.OnaccountofD.InspiteofA.motivatedB.deservedC.establishedD.rememberedA.importanceB.experiencesC.perfectionD.differencesA.struggledB.requiredC.donatedD.sharedA.well-knownB.easy-goingC.broad-mindedD.kind-hearted第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Haven'tyoualwayswonderedwhythebeginningandtheendofthepresentschoolyeardon'tlineupwiththecalendaryear?Well,(41)answermightsurpriseyou:theschoolyearactually(42)(date)backtothetimewhenthefarmingscheduletookprecedenceover(优先于，比重要)everythingelse—evenschooling.Farmingcanonlybedoneinspring,summer,andfall.Familiesneededkids5help,sotheirschoolingtookplaceinthecoldermonths(43)nothingcouldbeplantedorharvested.Thuskidscouldhelpwithfarmdutiesduringbusyseasons.Large(44)(city)operateddifferently.Becausepeopletheredidn'trelyonfanning(45)(earn)aliving,kidscouldgotoschoolallyearroundandtakeafewshortvacationsthroughout.Wheneducationstartedtobecomemorevaluableinsociety,much(46)(strict)ruleshadtobemadesothattherewouldbemoreuniformity(一致，统一)intheschoolsystem.In1852,Massachusettsbecamethefirststatetoenactacompulsorypubliclaw,makingitcompulsory(47)bothruralareasandurbanareastoofferschooling.Parents(48)(fine)iftheydidn'tsendchildrentoschools.(49)(short)afterMassachusettsenactedthelaw,acompromise(50)(make)betweenurbanandruralschoolsystemslettheschoolyearstartinthefallsokidscouldhelpwithfanningduringthesummer.第三部分写作(共两节，f满分35+)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(人)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多佘的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。BarbaraisoneofmyfavoriteWalmartemployee.Takeoneglance,andyou'llfindshehasjoyburyingdeepinhersoul.IgottoknowBarbarathecoupleofweeksago.Shewasmycashier.AndIcouldn'thelpbuttoadmireherfancy,fall-themedheadband,thatshemadeusingautumnleavesandflowers.Aspeoplejoyfullycommentedherheadband,shesmiled.Thanksgivingwasoneofthebusytimesoftheyear,especiallyforcheckoutworkersinthesupermarket.Barbaracouldhavechosetojustputherheaddownandscangroceries.However,shedidn't.Shechosetogreeteachcustomerwarm.Shenotonlyentertainedherbutalsootherpeople.第二节书面表达（满分25分）假如你是李华，你想邀请你的好友Chris参加你堂哥的婚礼，让她体验中国的婚礼文化。请给Chris写封信，内容包括：发出邀请；简介婚礼（如时间、地点、流程）；婚礼礼仪（如服饰和用餐礼仪）。词数：100左右；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。1-5BCABD6-10CACDB11-15ACDDA16-20DBCEG21-25BDACA26-30DBCAD31-35CDACB36-40DCBAA41-50(Onepossibleversion)41.the43.when45.toearn47.for49.Shortly42.dates44.cities46.stricter48.wouldbefined50.made短文改错(Onepossibleversion)BarbaraisoneofmyfavoriteWalmartemployee.Takeoneglance,andyoUIIfindshehasemployeesjoyburyingdeepinhersoul.IgottoknowBarbarathecoupleofweeksago.Shewasmycashier.buriedAndIcouldn'thelpbuttoadmireherfancy,fal-themedheadband,thatshemadeusingautumn删除whichleavesandflowers.AspeoplejoyfullycommentedAherheadband,shesmiled.Thanksgivingonwasoneofthebusytimesoftheyear,especiallyforcheckoutworkersinthesupermarket.Barbarabusiestcouldhavechosetojustputherheaddownandscangroceries.However,shedidn't.Shechosetochosengreeteachcustomerwarm.Shenotonlyentertainedherbutalsootherpeople.warmlyherself书面表达(Onepossibleversion)DearChris,I'dlikeyoutoattendmycousin'swedding,whereyoucanhaveagoodexperienceofChineseweddingculture.TheweddingistobeheldinYingchunHotelonMay5.Inthemorning,we'llfirstgotopickupthebrideatherhome.Atabouttwelveo'clock,thetraditionalweddingceremonywillbeheldinthegroom'shome.Aftertheceremony,itwillbetheweddingfeast,duringwhichweshouldavoidbreakinganybowlorplatesincethebrokenbowlorplateisconsideredtolikelypredictanunhappymarriage.Asfortheclothes,we'dbetternotwearblackones.Ifyouwanttolearnmoreaboutthewedding,pleasecontactme.Yours,LiHua阅读理解第一节A导语：文章是一篇应用文。介绍了曾经很流行的几款玩具。B。细节理解题。根据1964—SuperBall部分中的theNFLnamedtheSuperBowlgame(a...game)afterthisjumpingball.可知，(美国)超级碗橄榄球赛以这个弹跳球来命名比赛。C。推理判断题。根据1964—G.l.Joe部分中的In1964,HasbrotoycompanycreatedGIJoe,...andtheActionMarine(MarineCorps).可知，喜爱勇敢的战士的人，可能对GIJoe最感兴趣。A。细节理解题。根据1965—Operation部分中的AnunsteadyhandisyourdownfallinthegameofOperation可知，要确保手保持稳定，才能成功地完成Operation这款游戏。B导语：本文是一篇议论文。作者以Kim有关批评与创造力的研究为论据，论述了我们应该怎样看待批评与创造力之间的关系，以及怎样反馈和接受批评。B。细节理解题。根据第二段的Kim,whoworkedasasoftwareengineer...“Ipersonallyhate...creativetasks.”可知，Kim开展研究是想更好地了解批评。Do主旨大意题。结合第三段的内容并通读第四段并可知，第四段的主旨是：为什么来自上级或同事的批评会抑制一个人的创造力。C。细节理解题。根据第五段的WhatKimfoundmostsurprising...(employeesthattheymanage).可知，令人惊讶的发现是：下级的批评对管理者有利。A。词义猜测题。根据第六段的Inreality,mostsupervisors...feedbackbetter可知，管理者实际上并没有那么讨厌下属的消极反馈。C导语：本文是一篇说明文。研究者在南非的一个洞穴里有关古人食用淀粉类植物的研究发现。C。数字计算题。根据第一段的...forupto120,000years—that'smorethan100,000hesoil可知，人类是在20,000年以前开始种植含淀粉类植物。D。细节理解题。根据第二段的...theresearchersfound“piecesofburnedstarches”...starcheseatenbyhumans.并结合全文内容可知，KlasiesRiverCave的遗迹显示：居住在此洞穴的人可能使用火来烹饪含淀粉类植物。B。细节理解题。根据第三段的thepreviousassumptionthathumans'digestiongenes...digestionofstarch可知之前提出的假设是：食用淀粉的饮食方式影响了人类身体方面的进化。A。推理判断题。根据第四段内容Co-authorSarahWurzsaid,“Thestarchremainsshowthattheseearlyhumans...otheranimals.”可推知，SarahWurz认为这些早期人类聪慧而又坚韧不拔。D导语：本文是一篇议论文。话题是如何使用地球上的土地。作者认为不能一味地把大片的可利用的土地用来植树造林和种植（用来制造生物能源的）作物。C。细节理解题。根据第一段的Apaperrecentlypublished...absorbmorethan200billiontonnesofCO2.可知，杂志上的报告预测：大量的树木可以帮助来解决二氧化碳的问题。Do写作意图题。根据第二段的Takeoutcities（1.5million）...badlyneededtofeed7.5billionhumanbeings•可知，这些数字是用来说明适于耕作的土地面积有限，很难养活现在世界上所有的人口。D。细节理解题。根据第三段的“Widespreaduse...oftree-planting...landdegradation,”readsanIPCCreport.可知，用大面积的土地来植树造林，一方面可能影响耕地面积，从而影响粮食安全，另一方面可能会引起土壤退化，故大