耳的解剖生理

OtologyAppliedAnatomy&Physiology第1页Theearconsistsofthreeparts:external、middle、internal外耳中耳内耳第2页temporalboneLocatedatthetwosidesofthecranialbone

PartofthelateralwallandbottomofcranialboneItconsistsapartof：middlecranialfossa,Posteriorcranialfossa.第3页Anatomyoftemporalbone

Consistsoffiveparts：squamousportion

、tympanicportion

、mastoidportion

、petrousportion

、styloidprocess

第4页1.externalear→containstwoparts:auricleandtheexternalauditorymeatus

auricle：HelixTriangularfossaAntihelixConchaTragusAntitragusLobule第5页Featuresoftheskin:

.painful.exudation.disfiguration.easytobefroozing第6页Auralpseudocyst

第7页Congenitalpreauricularfistula

第8页externalear

externalauditorymeatusLong2.5～3.5cm

Cartilagiousportion(outer1/3)

Bonyportion(inner2/3)“S”

pullingthepinnaupwards、backwardsandoutwards第9页2.middleear

Containsfourparts：

tympaniccavitythepharyngotympanictubethetympanicantrumthemastoidprocess

第10页middleear

1.tympaniccavity

ItisacavityfullofgasandlocatesbetweenthetympanicmembraneandtheexternalwalloftheinnerearThreepartsandsixwalls

第11页middleear

1.tympaniccavity

Threeparts:MesotympanumEpitympanumHypotympanum.第12页middleear1.tympaniccavity

SixwallsofthetympaniccavityThelateralwall:tympanicmembrane

、externalwalloftheatticThemedialwall：thelateralwalloftheinnerearTheanteriorwall：Theposteriorwall：Thesuperiorwall：Theinferiorwall：第13页middleear1.tympaniccavity

Thelateralwalltympanicmembrane9mmlong8mmalong

thinkness0.1mm

threelayers:outerskin,middlefibre,innermembrane

45°

第14页tympanicmembranestapes鼓索malleusincusFacialnerve咽鼓管鼓窦入口鼓窦乳突气房第15页middleear1.tympaniccavity

Themedialwall(thelateralwallofinnerear)VestibularwindowCochlearwindowProminenceoffacialcanalLateralsemicircularcanal第16页外半规管凸vestibularwindow3.2mm2鼓岬promontory蜗窗cochlearwindow2mm2面神经管垂直段

Themedialwall(thelateralwallofinnerear)面神经管凸

(水平段)cochleariformprocess第17页middleear1.tympaniccavity

Theposteriorwallupperpart-aditus,

theprominenceoflateralsemicircularcanal.Infero-mediapart-Pyramidaleminencebottompart-theperpendicularpartofthefacialnerve第18页

颈内动脉管

internalcarotidarterycanal

Theanteriorwall咽鼓管鼓口

ostiumtympanicumtubaeauditivae鼓膜张肌半管口semicanalisorificetensoristympani第19页颈内动脉管鼓窦盖鼓室盖Theinferiorwall:carotidcanal,jugularbulb

Thesuperiorwall:

tegmentympani第20页鼓索神经镫骨肌颈静脉球内耳middleear1.tympaniccavityTympaniccontents

Auditoryossicles：malleus、incus、stapesmuscles：ThetensortympanimuscleThestapediusmusclenerves：

第21页锤骨malleus镫骨stapes砧骨incus听骨链ossiculachain

middleear

1.tympaniccavity

第22页middleear

2.pharyngotympanictube

35㎜longBonypart(lateral1/3)：openCartilaginouspart(inner2/3)closeisthmus：CommunicationbetweenthetympaniccavityandthenasopharynxInchildren：shorter,wider,morehorizontal,straight。第23页middleear

2.pharyngotympanictube

第24页鼓窦鼓窦入口aditusofantrum乳突气房上鼓室鼓窦盖3.Tympanicantrum:第25页

气化型板障型硬化型Fourtypes:

PneumatictypeDiploetictypeSclerotictype4.Mastoidprocess:第26页Facialnerve乳突气房Tympanicmembrance锤骨柄Pneumatictypejugularbulb第27页3.Innerear(labyrinth)InthepetrouspartofthetemporalboneContainsimportantperceivingequipmentspfthehearingandposition

第28页Innerear(labyrinth)

AccordingtoanatomyandfunctionsemicircularcanalsvestibulecochleaAccordingtohistologyMembranouslabyrinthOsseouslabyrinth第29页Innerear(labyrinth)

Osseouslabyrinth第30页Innerear(labyrinth)

MembranouslabyrinthEndolymphsystemMembranousductsandmembranoussaces第31页Innerear(labyrinth)

VestibuleAntero-inferiorwall：ovoidopening–scalavestibuliofthecochleaPostero-superiorwall：fiveopenings-osseoussemicircularcanalsLateralwall：ovalwindow,portalabyrinthi。第32页Innerear(labyrinth)

semicircularcanalslateral（horizontal）anterior（vertical）posterior（vertical）第33页Innerear(labyrinth)

Cochlea：Shapedliketheshellofasnail5mminheightWinds2.5～2.75turnsroundthecentralmodiolus

第34页Innerear(labyrinth)

Cochlea

innerstructure(threecompartments）Scalavestibuli(perilymph)Scalatympani(perilymph)Scalamedia(endolymph)第35页Innerear(labyrinth)

Cochlea

themembranouscochlearduct(organofcorti)第36页OrganofCORTI第37页CochlearnerveVestibularnerve听觉皮层耳蜗核丘脑斜方体acousticnerveanditsconductiblepassage

第38页Physiologyoftheear

hearing、balanceairconduction、boneconduction第39页Physiologyoftheear

OutlineExternalear：collectthesoundwavesMiddleearDrumandossicularchain：increasethesoundintensitylevelEustachiantube：keepthebalancebetweentheinsideandtheoutsideofthemiddleearInnerear：cochlea：conductingsound、perceivingsoundvestibule：balance第40页collectthesoundwavesIncreasethesoundpressureby10-12dB

whentheresonantfrequencyofexternalmeatusisabout3800HzProtectthedeepstructureoftheearfromdamaging.Physiologyoftheear

Externalear第41页Drumandtheossicularchain：increasethesoundpressureEustachiantube:

keepthebalanceofpressurebetweentheinsideandtheoutsideofthemiddleear

drainage

sounddeadening

againstthereversedinfectionPhysiologyoftheear

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