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2021年河南省新乡市高考英语三模试卷一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题,共30.0分)AEachweekVisitIndypublishessomeeventsfortheupcomingweekend.Herearesomeofthem.FanPoweredWorldTourHarlemGlobetrotters,theworld-famousbasketballstarscelebratetheirfansonthistourwithmoreinteractiveexperiencesthaneverbefore.YouhavetwoopportunitiestocatchtheshowastheGlobetrottersfacetheWashingtonGeneralsonbothFridayandMondayatBankersLifeFieldhouse.Ticketsare$26andup.BasketballDayofIndianaIndiana'sloveofbasketballisfamous,andSaturday'scelebrationwillpleasefansfromhighschooltocollege.BankersLifeFieldhousehostshighschoolgirlsandboysplayingduringtheafternoon.YouwillwatchthegamebetweenPacersandtheDallasMaverickstherethatevening.Ticketsstartat$22.MLKDayCelebrationHonorthememoryofDr,Kingaslocalartistspresentpoetry,music,anddancethatshowthethemeoflove.Dr.Kingfeltitwasimportanttocommunicatewitheachotherinordertobreakdownbarriers.VisitorstotheSunday'sfreeprograminNewfieldsareadvisedtodothatviasocialactivitiesandbyparticipatinginadonationdrive.JingleRailsGetyourpleasureonRoute66foronefinalweekendthisseason.SeeMt.Rushmore,OldFaithfulandtheGrandCanyon,aswellaslocaltreasureslikeMonumentCircle,HilbertCircleTheatre,andtheIndianaStateFair.Ticketsstartat$33.Wherecanyouwatchbasketballgames? A.OnMt.Rushmore. B.InNewfields.C.AtBankersLifeFieldhouse. D.IntheGrandCanyon.Whicheventisfreeofcharge? A.MLKDayCelebration. B.BasketballDayofIndiana.C.FanPoweredWorldTour. D.JingleRails.WhatcanyoudoafterparticipatinginJingleRails? A.Haveatalkwithstars. B.Visitplacesofinterest.C.Volunteerforacharity. D.LivewithLocalpeople.BWhenIwasyoung,Ihadawrongunderstandingofbeinggreat.IbelievedIwasspecialanddifferentandshouldberichandfamousbecauseofmytalent.Iwasgoingtolivemydreamratherthanbeinga"normal"person.Butastimepassed,realitysetinandmyperspectivechanged.Iamateacher,marriedtoasalesmanwithababyandamortgage(按揭贷款).Couldmylifebemorenormal?Yet,Iamokaywiththis.WereItohaveaconversationwithmytwenty-year-oldself,shewouldn'tunderstandwhyI'mnotgoingtoNYCtogetanaudition(试演).Infouryearsmycoworkershaveneverheardmesing.IfI'dboughtahouse,itshouldhavebeeninaninterestingneighborhoodwithcoffeehousesateverycorner.ShewouldlaughatthecornerhouseintheneighborhoodInowcallhome.ButIknowthingsshedidn'tknow.Lifeissomuchmorecomplicated,wonderfulandterrible.Iknowwhatitmeanstoworkforlove,notjustsittingbackandlettingithappenthewayitcanwhenyou'reyoung.Iknowaboutbringinglifeintotheworld,andthecomplexityofemotions.Mylifeissimple.Itissmall,andmayseeminterchangeablewithsomanyotherlivesthere.Imaynevermakeanimpactoutsidemyhouse.ButI'velearneditisimportanttoberelative.Tomylittlegirl,Iamirreplaceable.Whenshecries,shecallsfor"Mama".Whenshereachesout,it'sformealone.So,isitasmalllife?It'sperfectlyfinetome.Infact,Ithinkit'swhatI'vewantedallalong.Whatwastheauthorlikewhenshewasyoung? A.Shewasbrave. B.Shewashonest.C.Shewasproud. D.Shewascautious.Whydoestheauthorimaginetalkingtohertwenty-year-oldself? Torevealthekeytohersuccess.Toshowshehasbecomemature.Toproveherdreamhascometrue.Tointroduceherpresentunhappiness.Whatistheauthor'spresentfocus? Caringforherfamily.Openingherhearttotheworld.Livingwithherdaughterspecially.Learningthecomplexityofemotions.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthetext? Wecanbetheonewefeelsatisfiedwith.Wecanachieveourdreamsifweworkhard.Weshouldkeepincontactwithourfamilies.Wewillcomebacktoanormallifesomeday.CInrecentyears,Ethiopiahasbecomearegionalleaderinsolidwastemanagement.Lastyear,thecountrytransformedthelandfill(垃圾填埋场)inAddisAbabaintoanewwaste-to-energyplant,thefirstsuchprojectonthecontinent.Theplantincineratesupto1400tonnesofwasteeveryday,about80percentofthecity'srubbish,supplyingthecapitalwith25percentofitshouseholdelectricityneeds.However,despitetheseimportantsteps,challengesremaininEthiopia.AlthoughthecountryhaspermittedtheBasel,StockholmandRotterdamconventions,lawsandpoliciesforenvironmentallysoundmanagementofhazardous(有害的)wastesarestillnoteffectiveinpreventinglitteringwasteillegally.TohelpEthiopiameetthesechallenges,theChemicalsandWasteManagementProgramissupportingthecountrywithathree-yearprojecttoenhanceitscapacityforsoundmanagementofhazardouswastes.Intheinitialstages,aprojectmanagementunitwillbeformed,madeupofmanyrepresentativesfromgovernmentdepartmentsandprivateorganizations.ThisunitwillberesponsibleforreviewingandassessingEthiopia'scurrentlegalsystem,which,despitenumerousadvancesinrecentyears,doesnotspecificallytargettherecyclingofhazardouswaste.Oncelegalgapsareidentified,theprojectwillseektoupdateexistingpoliciesandstrategies.ManypeopleinEthiopiaarenotawareofthepossibleeffectofenvironmentaldamageandtheneedtoreportsuchcrimestothepolice.Toresolvethispressingissue,Ethiopiawillbeconductingaseriesofcapacity-buildingactivities,includingcreatingawareness-raisingprograms,trainingtrainersandprovidingequipment.Ethiopiawillalsoworktoestablishanationalmechanismforchemicalsandwaste第3页,共21页managementbyengaginggovernmentdepartmentsandcivilsocietygroups.Authoritieswillalsomakebudgetaryprovisions(预算拨款)innational,regionalandinstitutionalplanningtoensurefundingfortheseactivitiesissustainableevenaftertheproject'scompletion.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword"incinerates"inparagraph1? A.produces B.gathers C.burns D.absorbsWhat'sthemainproblemofEthiopiainwastemanagement? Thefundsarenotsufficient.Theshortageofworkersissevere.Thepollutionlevelistoohigh.Therelevantlawsarenotsound.WhatwillEthiopiadotohelpthenativesprotecttheenvironment? Raisetheirenvironmentalawareness.Callonthemtostartsomeprograms.Rewardthemwithbudgetaryprovisions.RestricttheirenvironmentalmovementWhatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout? Ethiopiaisfacingseriousenvironmentalproblems.Ethiopiaisputtingeffortsintowastemanagement.Ethiopiahasachievedsuccessinwastemanagement.Ethiopiahasreducedenvironmentalpollutionlevels.DHereonEarthwheremostofuslive,wespendaboutathirdofeverydaylyingdownsleepingandtwo-thirdsstandingorsittinginanuprightposition.That'snotreallyhowitgoesinspacewhenpeopleareweightlessandthezerogravityenvironmentcausesmoreliquidtoshifttothehead.Facesgetswollen,legslosevolumeandappeartobesmaller.ManyastronautshavecomplainedofeyeandbackproblemsaftercomingbackdowntoEarthanditsgravity.Andnowscientistssaytheyhavediscoveredsomenewriskswithlong-termspaceflight.AstudypublishedrecentlyinJAMANetworkOpen,amedicaljournal,examined11healthyastronautswhohadbeenontheInternationalSpaceStationforsixmonths.Eightofthemhadunusualcharacteristicsobservedintheirblood.Forinstance,sixoftheastronautshadreverse(反向的)bloodflowfromtheirheads.Theleadauthorofthestudysayshedoesn'tknowifthat'sactuallyharmful.Thebloodisstillleavingtheheadfromotherpathways,soflowingbackwardsthroughajugularvein颈静脉)maynotbedangerous.Buthesaysitdoesshowachangeinhowbloodmovesthroughthebodywhileinspace.Anotherissuethestudyfoundwasbloodclots(凝块).Oneastronauthadone.Anothershowedsignsofapartialbloodclot.Thatispotentiallyharmfulastheclotscanblocktheflowofbloodtothelungs.Theastronautwhohadonewastreatedfortherestofthespaceflightandmadeithomesafely.Whatdoesallthismean?Well,oneresearchersaystheseissueshaveprobablybeenoccurringsincehumansfirstwentintospaceandthattheywouldlikelyresolvethemselveswhenastronautscamebackdowntoEarth.Knowingaboutthemnowgivesdoctorssomethingelsetomonitorwhenpeopleleaveouratmosphere.Whatcausesthephysicalproblemsforastronauts? A.Sleepingforalongtime. B.Stayinginthespaceship.C.Theshiftintheirbodies. D.Thezerogravityenvironment.Howmanyissuesdidthestudynewlyfind? A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.Whatcanweknowaboutthebloodclot? Itisathreattopeople'shealth.Itwasfirstfoundbyastronauts.Itisanewkindofdisease.Itisacommonproblem.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext? DoctorshaveanewtaskforastronautsZerogravitystopsastronautsflyinginspaceNewrisksarefoundinlong-termspaceflightIt'sdangerousforastronautstoflyintospace二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题,共10.0分)Personalprofilesareanexcellentwaytoexpressinformationintoasimpleformat.Herearesomebasicstepsthatyou'llwanttofollow.Sharepositivethings,butnotexcessive(过度的).Everyonehasproblems,butnoonewantstoreadabunchofnegativesoul-searching.Don'tcomplain,orendlesslydescribeyourhealthproblems,relationshipdramas,kidproblems,etc.(1) Takeprideinwhoyouareandwhatyouareallabout.Itisn'thelpfultocriticizeyourself.Itmakespeopleuncomfortableandit'sannoyingtofeelthatyouhavetobuildupanotherperson'svalueconstantly.(2) Noonecangetclosetoyou.Thegirlwhosayssheisfatandshyrelentlessly(无情地)willturnpeopleaway.(3) Therearegroupswhobelievethattheirjobsaretoconverttheworldtotheirwaysofthinking.Althoughitmayseemurgent,thepersonalprofileisnotthevenuetoboast.Itwillnotpromoteyourmessageinahealthyway.Don'tadvertiseorsell.(4) Thepersonalprofileisaboutyouandshouldnotbeusedtomakemoney.Thesitesyouusemayputadson,butthatishowtheygeneratefundstokeepthesitesfree.Thisisyourownlittlemessagetotheworld.Ifyouuseotherpeople'stipstomakeaprofile,everyonecan.enjoythebenefits.Writeinoutlineformat.Don'tsayitinalongsentence.It'simportanttoseekhelpbeforewriting.Don'tuseyourprofileasaplacetoshowoff.Self-criticismisreallyaformofcontroloverothers.Ifyouneedcustomers,useaknownbusinessnetwork.Peoplewhodothishavewarningsignsontheirprofiles.16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G三、完形填空(本大题共20小题,共30.0分)Once,arichmandrovehisexpensivecarwithfullspeed.Listeningtothemu(sic1) ,hedidn'tpayattentiontothetrafficsign.Suddenlyabadcaraccidenthappenedtohim.Hewas(2) withbloodallover.Withthehelpofpassers-by,hewasadmittedtotheb(est3) ofthetown.Whenheopenedhiseyes,hecouldn'tmovehisbodyevenaninch.Thedoctorcametohisbedandasked"Howareyoufeeling,sir?"Heshookhisheadwithmuch(4) .Thedoctorsoftlycomfortedhimthathewouldcertainl(y5) butitwouldtaketimebecauseofhis(6) andseveralotherdiseases.Fewdayslater,hecould(7) tospeak.Whenthedoctorvisitedhimagain,hebecametoo(8) andsaid,"Doctor,pleasedosomethingsothatIcan(be9) thehospital.Iwould(10) asmuchmoneyasyouwant.""Sir,Iamtryingmybestbut(11) therecoveringprocessis(12) ,"thedoctorcontinued,"Whiledriving,youaresupposedto(13) thetrafficregulations.Thatyouarewealthydoesn't(14) youcouldspendthemoneyasyoupleased.Yourunhealthyeatinghabitshavebroughtyousome(15) ,whichputyouintotrouble."Whentheman(16) hispastdeeds,heregrettedforhisownacts.He(17) thatmoneycoulddonothingbutsupplysometemporary(18) .Wealthisnothingbeforehealth!Hefeltashamedofhis(19) !"Thankyouforyourguidance,doctor!Please(20) myignorance!"21.A.regularlyB.attentivelyC.confidentlyD.obviously22.A.delightedB.unconcernedC.unconsciousD.thrilled23.A.restaurantB.companyC.organizationD.hospital24.A.difficultyB.satisfactionC.courageD.relief25.A.succeedB.surviveC.recoverD.harvest26.A.attitudesB.injuriesC.modelsD.disabilities27.A.prepareB.happenC.continueD.manage28.A.powerfulB.discouragedC.embarrassedD.impatient29.A.releasedfromB.accustomedtoC.satisfiedwithD.addictedto30.A.borrowB.collectC.spendD.earn31.A.eventuallyB.unfortunatelyC.undoubtedlyD.unnecessarily32.A.slowB.practicalC.differentD.normal33.A.explainB.considerC.observeD.repeat34.A.demandB.meanC.guaranteeD.prove35.A.diseasesB.surprisesC.disadvantagesD.fears36.A.comparedB.sharedC.discussedD.recalled37.A.wonderedB.expectedC.realizedD.pretended38.A.curiosityB.pleasureC.freedomD.stress39.A.appearanceB.dishonestyC.anxietyD.pride40.A.forgiveB.reconsiderC.criticizeD.punish四、语法填空(本大题共1小题,共15.0分)Themodern-dayhomesofakindofcave-livingspiderstracethelong-gonesouthernlimitsofglaciersatthetopofthelas(t1) (majority)iceage,about22,000yearsago.Somespeciesliv(e2) cold,humidcavesinthePyrenees,theAlpsandtheBalkanPeninsula,forminganarrowbandacrossEurope.Researchers(3) (compare)thisrangewithgeologists'modelsofglaciercoverduringthelasticeageandfoundthebandalmos(t4) (exact)matchedthemaximumsouthernedgesoftheglaciers,withonlyslightvariations.Anexpertsaysthecreaturesnotonlywouldlikelynothavesurvivedificehadcoveredtheircave(s,5) theyalsoprobablycouldnothavesurvivedthewarmertemperaturesfartherfromtheglaciers'edge,"Therewas(6) balancebetweencoolconditionsandacavethatwasn'ttotally(7) (cover),"henotes,"Whatyouseenow(8) (be)justtheshadowofalargerancestraldistribution."Thesespeciesareindicatorsofgeographicchangesincetheydon'tmovemuchoveralifetimeoroverageneration(.9) (map)thedistributionofcavespeciescouldacta(s10) (addition)evidenceforresearchersinvestigatingpastclimateconditions.五、短文改错(本大题共1小题,共10.0分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(八,并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。Itwasaverybusyafternoon.Thestorewasfillwithmanypeople.Iselectafewthingsasquicklyaspossiblebutthenwenttothecheckout.ThereIfoundmanypeoplewaitingtheirorderstobecheckedout.Iwasworried,thinkinghewouldbelatetopickupmytwochild.Justthen,anoldman,whichstoodinfrontofme,said,"Youdon'thavemanythings.Whynotjustgoinginfrontofme?""Thanks,butyoudon'thavemanyneither,"Isaid.Hejustsmiledandsteppedawaytomaketheroomforme.Iwassothankful.六、书面表达(本大题共1小题,共25.0分)43.假定你是李华,你的美国网友Mike来信说当地冬天,经常有暴风雪。为保证学生安全,学校会在暴风雪天气停课。他向你咨询"停课在家是否应该上网课",请用英语写一封回信,内容包括:.你的看法;.你的理由。注意:.词数100左右;.信的开头和结尾已为你写好。答案和解析1.【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】A【小题3】B【解析】(1)C.细节理解题。根据BasketballDayofIndiana部分"Indiana'sloveofbasketballisfamous,andSaturday'scelebrationwillpleasefansfromhighschooltocollege.BankersLifeFieldhousehostshighschoolgirlsandboysplayingduringtheafternoon.YouwillwatchthegamebetweenPacersandtheDallasMaverickstherethatevening.印第安纳州对篮球的热爱是众所周知的,周六的庆祝活动将取悦从高中到大学的球迷。《银行家生活》杂志举办了高中女生和男生下午的游戏。你将在那里观看步行者队和达拉斯小牛队当晚的比赛。"可知你在BankersLifeFieldhouse看篮球比赛。故选C.(2)A.细节理解题。根据MLKDayCelebration部分"VisitorstotheSunday'sfreeprograminNewfieldsareadvisedtodothatviasocialactivitiesandbyparticipatinginadonationdrive.星期天在纽菲尔德的免费活动的参观者被建议通过社会活动和参与捐赠活动来做到这一点。"可知MLKDayCelebration是免费的。故选A.(3)B.推理判断题。根据JingleRails部分"GetyourpleasureonRoute66foronefinalweekendthisseason.SeeMt.Rushmore,OldFaithfulandtheGrandCanyon,aswellaslocaltreasureslikeMonumentCircle,HilbertCircleTheatre,andtheIndianaStateFair.参观拉什莫尔山、老忠实者和大峡谷,以及纪念碑圈、希尔伯特圈剧院和印第安纳州博览会等当地珍宝。”在参加JingleRails之后能够参观名胜。故选B.本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了印第安纳州每周为即将到来的周末发布一些活动的详细信息。1.直接信息题:直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息,选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2.间接信息题:间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息,但在语言表达上与原文有差异,做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3.综合信息题:综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话,可能是原文的几句话,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析,而不能断章取义。4.【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】B【小题3】A【小题4】D【解析(1)C.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句和第三句"1believedIwasspecialanddifferentandshouldberichandfamousbecauseofmytalent.Iwasgoingtolivemydreamratherthanbeinga"normal"person.(我相信我是与众不同的,得益于我的才华,我会富有和出名,我要实现我的梦想,而不是成为一个"普通"人。)"可知,作者小时候相信自己是有天赋的,不会成为普通人,由此可以推断,作者年轻的时候是十分骄傲的。A.Shewasbrave她很勇敢;B.Shewashonest她很诚实;C.Shewasproud.她很骄傲;D.Shewascautious她很谨慎。故选C.(2)B.推理判断题。根据文章第四段"ButIknowthingsshedidn'tknow.Lifeissomuchmorecomplicated,wonderfulandterrible.Iknowwhatitmeanstoworkforlove,notjustsittingbackandlettingithappenthewayitcanwhenyou'reyoung.Iknowaboutbringinglifeintotheworld,andcomplexityofemotions.(但我知道她不知道的事情。生活是如此的复杂,美妙和可怕。我知道为爱而工作意味着什么,而不仅仅是坐视不理,任由它以你年轻时的方式发生。我知道如何将生命带入这个世界,以及情感的复杂性。)"可知,作者知道了很多年轻的时候不知道的事情,而且生活十分复杂,由此可以推断出,作者变得更加成熟了,且和二十岁的自己说话是想要展示自己已经更加成熟了,故选B.(3)A.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段"Tomylittlegirl,Iamirreplaceable.Whenshecries,shecallsfor"Mama".Whenshereachesout,it'sformealone.So,isitasmallli?feIt'sperfectlyfinetome.Infact,Ithinkit'swhatI'vewantedallalong对于我的小女儿,我是无可替代的。当她哭的时候,她会叫妈妈。当她出去的时候,孤独的就是我。所以,这是一种很小的生活吗?对我来说很好。事实上,我想这是我一直想要的。)"可知,作者一直想要的是简单的生活,因此作者现在想要照顾好她的家庭,故选A.(4)D.写作意图题。根据文章第一段"Butastimepassed,realitysetinandmyperspectivechanged(但是随着时间的流逝,现实到来,我的观点也发生了改变。)”和文章最后一段"T。mylittlegirl,Iamirreplaceable.Whenshecries,shecallsfor"Mama".Whenshereachesout,it'sformealone.So,isitasmalllife?It'sperfectlyfinetome.Infact,Ithinkit'swhatI'vewantedallalong.(对于我的小女儿,我是无可替代的。当她哭的时候,她会叫妈妈。当她出去的时候,孤独的就是我。所以,这是一种很小的生活吗?对我来说很好。事实上,我想这是我一直想要的。)"可知,作者长大后接受了自己的普通,也想告诉我们总有一天我们也会接受自己的普通。A.Wecanbetheonewefeelsatisfiedwith我们可以成为自己满意的人;B.Wecanachieveourdreamsifweworkhard如果我们努力,就可以实现自己的梦想;C.Weshouldkeepincontactwithourfamilies我们要和家人保持联系;D.Wewillcomebacktoanormallifesomeday我们总有天会回归到普通的生活。故选D.本文主要讲述了作者小时候相信自己是特别的,将来会因为天分而有名有钱,可是当作者长大后,发现自己只是普通人,且接受了自己的普通。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。8.【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】D【小题3】A【小题4】B【解析】(1)C.词义猜测题。根据第一段划线词后文upto1,400tonnesofwasteeveryday,about80percentofthecity'srubbish,supplyingthecapitalwith25percentofitshouseholdelectricityneeds.每天多达1400吨的垃圾,约占城市垃圾的80%,为首都提供了25%的家庭用电需求。可知Theplantincinerates植物焚烧,A.produces生产;B.gathers聚集;C.burns焚烧;D.absorbs吸收。故选C.(2)D.细节理解题。根据第二段However,despitetheseimportantsteps,challengesremaininEthiopia.AlthoughthecountryhaspermittedtheBasel,StockholmandRotterdamconventions,lawsandpoliciesforenvironmentallysoundmanagementofhazardous(有害的)wastesarestillnoteffectiveinpreventinglitteringwasteillegally然而,尽管采取了这些重要步骤,埃塞俄比亚仍然面临挑战。尽管该国已批准巴塞尔公约、斯德哥尔摩公约和鹿特丹公约、法律和政策,对危险废物实行无害环境管理垃圾仍然不能有效防止非法乱扔垃圾。可知主要问题是法律不健全。故选D.(3)A.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段ManypeopleinEthiopiaarenotawareofthepossibleeffectofenvironmentaldamageandtheneedtoreportsuchcrimestothepolice.Toresolvethispressingissue,Ethiopiawillbeconductingaseriesofcapacity-buildingactivities,includingcreatingawareness-raisingprograms,trainingtrainersandprovidingequipment埃塞俄比亚的许多人不知道环境破坏可能造成的影响,也不知道有必要向警方报告这类罪行。为解决这一紧迫问题,埃塞俄比亚将开展一系列能力建设活动,包括制定提高认识方案、培训教员和提供设备。可知埃塞俄比亚通过提高环保意识,帮助当地人保护环境。故选A.(4)B.推理判断题。通读这篇文章,本文主要介绍了埃塞俄比亚正在努力采取各种措施进行废物管理。结合文章最后一段Ethiopiawillalsoworktoestablishanationalmechanismforchemicalsandwastemanagementbyengaginggovernmentdepartmentsandcivilsocietygroups.Authoritieswill...aftertheproject'scompletion.埃塞俄比亚还将通过政府部门和民间社会团体的参与,努力建立化学品和废物管理的国家机制。当局还将提供预算经费在国家、区域和机构规划中,确保这些活动的资金即使在项目完成后也是可持续的。故选B.本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了埃塞俄比亚正在努力采取各种措施进行废物管理。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据。12.【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】B【小题3】A【小题4】C【解析】(1)D.细节理解题。根据第二段That'snotreallyhowitgoesinspacewhenpeopleareweightlessandthezerogravityenvironmentcausesmoreliquidtoshifttothe卜024当人们处于失重状态,零重力环境会导致更多的液体转移到头部时,在太空中的情况并不是这样的。可知零重力环境给宇航员带来了身体上的问题。故选D.(2)B.细节理解题。根据第三段Andnowscientistssaytheyhavediscoveredsomenewriskswithlong-termspaceflight.现在科学家们说,他们发现了长期太空飞行的一些新风险。第三段和第四段是一个问题,第五段开头Anotherissue是另一个问题,可知共两个问题。故选B.A.推理判断题。根据第五段Thatispotentiallyharmfulastheclotscanblocktheflowofbloodtothelungs这可能是有害的,因为血栓会阻碍血液流向肺部。可知血凝块威胁着人们的健康。故选A.C.标题判断题。根据文章大意,全文主要介绍了长途太空旅行有了新的风险,会带来的危险。C.Newrisksarefoundinlong-termspaceflight在长期太空飞行中发现了新的风险,符合题意,故选C.本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了长途太空旅行有了新的风险,会带来的危险。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据。16.【答案】【小题1】G【小题2】E【小题3】D【小题4】F【小题5】C【解析】(1)G.推理判断题。根据本段第一行"Sharepositivethings(分享积极的事)"和空格前一句"Don'tcomplain,orendlesslydescribeyourhealthproblems,relationshipdramas,kidproblems,etc.(不要抱怨或没完没了地描述你的健康问题、感情闹剧、孩子问题等等。)"可知在个人资料中过度抱怨的人会留下不好的印象,此处讲的是这么做导致的不好的结果;选项G意为"Peoplewhodothishavewarningsignsontheirprofiles这样做的人在他们的资料上有警告标志。”符合语境。故答案为G.(2)E.推理判断题。根据本段第一行"Itisn'thelpfultocriticizeyourself.Itmakespeopleuncomfortableandit'sannoyingtofeelthatyouhavetobuildupanotherperson'svalueconstantly.(批评自己是没有用的。它让人不舒服,让人觉得你必须不断建立别人的价值观,这很烦人。)"可知本段是在讲自我批评,所以选项E"Self-criticismisreallyaformofcontroloverothers.自我批评实际是一种控制别人的形式。”符合语境。故答案为E.(3)D.标题归纳题。根据空格后"Therearegroupswhobelievethattheirjobsaretoconverttheworldtotheirwaysofthinking.Althoughitmayseemurgent,thepersonalprofileisnotthevenuetoboast.(有些人认为他们的工作就是把世界转变成他们的思维方式。尽管这看起来是紧要的,但个人简介并不是夸夸其谈的场所。)"可知选项D"Don'tuseyourprofileasaplacetoshowoff.不要把你的档案当作一个炫耀的地方。”作为总起句,符合语境。故答案为D.(4)F.推理判断题。根据空格前"Don'tadvertiseorsell.(不要做广告或销售。)"接下来讲的是应该怎么做;可知选项F"Ifyouneedcustomers,useaknownbusinessnetwork.如果你需要客户,用一个知名的商业网络。”符合语境。故答案为F.(5)C.标题归纳题。根据空格后"Thisisyourownlittlemessagetotheworld.Ifyouuseotherpeople'stipstomakeaprofile,everyonecan.enjoythebenefits.(这是你自己给世界的小小的信息。如果你用别人的建议来创建个人资料,每个人都可以享受益处。)"讲的是寻求建议的好处,所以在写档案前最好先问问别人的建议,所以选项C"It'simportanttoseekhelpbefore0出位且在写之前寻求帮助是重要的”符合语境。故答案为C.本文主要讲述一些关于写个人资料的基本步骤。技巧①通读全文,了解文章大意;②细读七个选项,找出和文章相对应的关键词,分析选项间的逻辑关系;③根据文章整体结构、具体内容,结合关键词,选出最佳选项;④将所选答案代入文中,再次通读全文,重点查看逻辑关系和关联结构是否合理。21.【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】C【小题3】D【小题4】A【小题5】C【小题6】B【小题7】D【小题8】D【小题9】A【小题10】C【小题11】B【小题12】A【小题13】C【小题14】B【小题15】A【小题16】D【小题17】C【小题18】B【小题19】D【小题20】A【解析】(1)B.考查副词及语境理解。A.regularly有规律地;B.attentively专心地;confidently自信地;D.obviously明显地。一次,一个有钱人开着他那辆昂贵的汽车全速前进。他专心听音乐,没有注意交通标志。突然,一场严重的车祸发生在他身上。他浑身是血,不省人事。在路人的帮助下,他住进了镇上最好的医院。根据上文hedidn'tpayattentiontothetrafficsign可知是专注地。故选B.(2)C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.delighted高兴的;B.unconcerned漠不关心的;C.unconscious无意识的;D.thrilled激动的。一次,一个有钱人开着他那辆昂贵的汽车全速前进。他专心听音乐,没有注意交通标志。突然,一场严重的车祸发生在他身上。他浑身是血,不省人事。在路人的帮助下,他住进了镇上最好的医院。根据下文Whenheopenedhiseyes,hecouldn'tmovehisbodyevenaninch可知是失去意识。故选C.D.考查名词及语境理解。A.restaurant餐厅;B.company公司;C.organization组织;D.hospital医院。一次,一个有钱人开着他那辆昂贵的汽车全速前进。他专心听音乐,没有注意交通标志。突然,一场严重的车祸发生在他身上。他浑身是血,不省人事。在路人的帮助下,他住进了镇上最好的医院。根据下文Thedoctorcametohisbedandasked可知是去了医院。故选D.(4)A.考查名词及语境理解。A.difficulty困难;B.satisfaction满意;C.courage勇气;D.relief欣慰,救济。他艰难地摇了摇头。医生轻轻地安慰他说,他肯定会康复的,但由于他的伤势和其他几种疾病,这需要时间。故选A.(5)C.考查动词及语境理解。A.succeed成功;B.survive幸存;C.recover恢复;D.harvest收获。他艰难地摇了摇头。医生轻轻地安慰他说,他肯定会康复的,但由于他的伤势和其他几种疾病,这需要时间。故选C.(6)B.考查名词及语境理解。A.attitudes态度;B.injuries损伤;C.models模型;D.disabilities残疾。他艰难地摇了摇头。医生轻轻地安慰他说,他肯定会康复的,但由于他的伤势和其他几种疾病,这需要时间。根据上文withbloodallover.可知是损伤。故选B.(7)D.考查动词及语境理解。A.prepare准备;B.happen发生;C.continue持续;D.manage管理。几天后,他终于能开口说话了。当医生再次探望他时,他变得很不耐烦,说:"医生,请你做点什么,这样我就可以出院了。我愿意花你想要的钱。"managetodosth成功做某事。故选D.(8)D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.powerful强大的;B.discouraged气馁的;C.embarrassed尴尬的;D.impatient没有耐心的。几天后,他终于能开口说话了。当医生再次探望他时,他变得很不耐烦,说:"医生,请你做点什么,这样我就可以出院了。我愿意花你想要的钱。"根据下文Iwould(10)asmuchmoneyasyouwant.可知是变得不耐烦。故选D.(9)A.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.releasedfrom释放,排放;B.accustomedto习惯于;C.satisfiedwith对…满意的;D.addictedto沉迷于。几天后,他终于能开口说话了。当医生再次探望他时,他变得很不耐烦,说:"医生,请你做点什么,这样我就可以出院了。我愿意花你想要的钱。”故选A.(10)C.考查动词及语境理解。A.borrow借;B.collect收集;C.spend花费;D.earn赚。几天后,他终于能开口说话了。当医生再次探望他时,他变得很不耐烦,说:"医生,请你做点什么,这样我就可以出院了。我愿意花你想要的钱。”故选C.(11)B.考查副词及语境理解。A.eventually最后;B.unfortunately不幸地;C.undoubtedly毋庸置疑地;D.unnecessarily不必要地。"先生,我已经尽力了,但不幸的是恢复过程很慢,"医生继续说。故选B.(12)A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.slow缓慢的;B.practical实际的;C.different不同的;D.normal正常的。"先生,我已经尽力了,但不幸的是恢复过程很慢,"医生继续说。根据上文butitwouldtaketime可知是缓慢的。故选A.(13)C.考查动词及语境理解。A.explain解释;B.consider考虑;C.observe遵守,观察;D.repeat重复。开车时,你应该遵守交通规则。你很富有并不意味着你可以随心所欲地花钱。你不健康的饮食习惯给你带来了一些疾病,给你带来了麻烦。故选C.(14)B.考查动词及语境理解。A.demand需要;B.mean意思是;C.guarantee保证;prove证明。开车时,你应该遵守交通规则。你很富有并不意味着你可以随心所欲地花钱。你不健康的饮食习惯给你带来了一些疾病,给你带来了麻烦。故选B.(15)A.考查名词及语境理解。A.diseases疾病;B.surprises惊讶,惊喜;C.disadvantages缺点;D.fears恐惧。开车时,你应该遵守交通规则。你很富有并不意味着你可以随心所欲地花钱。你不健康的饮食习惯给你带来了一些疾病,给你带来了麻烦。根据上文severalotherdiseases.可知是疾病。故选A.(16)D.考查动词及语境理解。A.compared对比;B.shared分享;C.discussed讨论;D.recalled回忆。当这个人回忆起他过去的行为时,他为自己的行为感到后悔。他意识到金钱只能提供一些暂时的乐趣。财富先于健康!他为自己的骄傲感到羞愧!"谢谢你的指导,医生!请原谅我的无知!"根据下文heregrettedforhisownacts.可知是回忆。故选D.(17)C.考查动词及语境理解。A.wondered想知道;B.expected预期;C.realized实现;D.pretended假装。当这个人回忆起他过去的行为时,他为自己的行为感到后悔。他意识到金钱只能提供一些暂时的乐趣。财富先于健康!他为自己的骄傲感到羞愧!"谢谢你的指导,医生!请原谅我的无知!”故选C.(18)B.考查名词及语境理解。A.curiosity好奇心;B.pleasure快乐;C.freedom自由;D.stress压力,强调。当这个人回忆起他过去的行为时,他为自己的行为感到后悔。他意识到金钱只能提供一些暂时的乐趣。财富先于健康!他为自己的骄傲感到羞愧!"谢谢你的指导,医生!请原谅我的无知!”故选B.(19)D.考查名词及语境理解。A.appearance外观;B.dishonesty不诚实;C.anxiety焦虑;D.pride骄傲。当这个人回忆起他过去的行为时,他为自己的行为感到后悔。他意识到金钱只能提供一些暂时的乐趣。财富先于健康!他为自己的骄傲感到羞愧!"谢谢你的指导,医生!请原谅我的无知!”故选D.(20)A.考查动词及语境理解。A.forgive原谅;B.reconsider重新考虑;C.criticize批评;D.punish惩罚。当这个人回忆起他过去的行为时,他为自己的行为感到后悔。他意识到金钱只能提供一些暂时的乐趣。财富先于健康!他为自己的骄傲感到羞愧!"谢谢你的指导,医生!请原谅我的无知!"根据上文Thankyouforyourguidance可知是原谅。故选A.文章讲述了一名傲慢的有钱人在医生的指导下,豁然开朗,意识到自己的问题。近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化,试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽,综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文,了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格,所以,必须先通读一至两遍,才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句,做一句。其次要逐句分析,前后一致。选择答案时,要考虑整个句子的内容,包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后,再通读一遍文章,检查是否通顺流畅,用词得当,意思正确。41.【答案】【小题1】major【小题2】in【小题3】compared【小题4】exactly【小题5】but【小题6】a【小题7】covered【小题8】is【小题9】Mapping【小题10】additional【解析】(1)major.考查形容词。句意:一种生活在洞穴里的蜘蛛的现代住所,是在距今约22000年前的最后一个大冰河期的顶部,早已消失的冰川南部边缘。作定语修饰名词,所以用形容词,故填major.(2)in.考查介词。句意:有些物种生活在比利牛斯山、阿尔卑斯山和巴尔干半岛的寒冷潮湿的洞穴中,形成了一条横跨欧洲的狭窄地带。livein意为"住在(某地)",固定搭配。故填in.(3)compared.考查动词的时态。句意:他们将这一范围与地质学家在上一个冰河时期的冰川覆盖模型进行了比较,发现这条带几乎与冰川最南端的边缘完全吻合,只是略有变化。此处与动词found并列作谓语,根据上文中的did可知,本段描述的是过去的行为,应用一般过去时。故填compared.(4)exactly.考查副词。句意:他们将这一范围与地质学家在上一个冰河时期的冰川覆盖模型进行了比较,发现这条带几乎与冰川最南端

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