猪病控制基本原理课件

SwineDiseaseControlPrinciples

猪病控制的基本原理

作者：LarryFirkins,DVM,MS,MBAUniversityofIllinoisCollegeofVeterinaryMedicine美国伊利诺斯大学兽医学院SwineDiseaseControlPrincipl1EconomicCostofDisease疾病的经济损失DeathLoss 死亡损失ObviouslySickPigs 明显的病猪TreatmentCosts 治疗开支LostProduction 生产损失LostAccesstoMarkets市场的丧失EconomicCostofDisease2Disease

疾病Alterationofthestateofthebody,orinsomeofitsorgans,whichinterruptsordisturbstheproperperformanceofthebodilyfunctions.机体或者其部分器官的状态发生改变，引起机体正常功能的紊乱Disease

疾病Alterationofthest3Infection

感染Amicroorganismentersapigandcausesadisturbanceoffunction.

微生物侵入猪体，引起功能紊乱DiseasesthatarearesultofinfectionareInfectiousDiseases.

感染引起的的疾病为传染性疾病Non-infectiousdiseasescanbetheresultofGeneticfactors,Nutritionalcauses,Toxicfactors,Management,etc.

非传染性疾病可能由遗传、营养、毒素、管理等因素引起MostdiseasesofswineareMulti-Factorial.

猪的多数疾病由多种因素引起Infection 感染Amicroorganisme4Infection

感染Organismssuchasbacteria,viruses,etc., thatcancausediseasearecalledPathogens.

细菌，病毒等引起疾病的微生物称为病原Notallmicroorganismsarepathogenic.

并非所有微生物都有致病性Someareopportunists.

有些是条件性病原体Somearenon-pathogenic,somearehelpful.

有些为非致病性的，有些则有益Infection 感染Organismssuchas5SourcesofInfection 感染源Directcontactwithadiseasedpig

与病猪直接接触ContactthroughFomites. 与污染物接触

boots,trucks,dirtyequipment,people鞋，车，脏污的设备，人员ContactwithDiseaseCarriers.

与疾病携带者接触

AirBorneInfections.

空气传播感染SourcesofInfection 感染源Direct6BodyDefenses 机体防御PrimaryDefenses-whichservetohinderorpreventthepassageofdiseaseorganismsintothebody

第一道防线——阻挡或防止病原侵入机体SecondaryDefenses-thatdealwith"bugs"thathavemanagedtogetpasttheprimarydefensesandenterthetissues.

第二道防线——抵御通过了第一防御并进入机体组织的病原BodyDefenses 机体防御PrimaryDef7PrimaryDefenses第一道防线Skin 皮肤Mucus 粘膜Air-filteringsystem 空气过滤系统Cilia 纤毛Acid 酸Enzymes 酶PrimaryDefenses第一道防线Skin 皮肤8SecondaryDefenses

第二道防线NonSpecificChemicalDefensessuchasenzymes,interferon,etc.

非特异性化学物质防御，如酶，干扰素等Cellulardefenses-"Natural"killercells,T-cells,Macrophages,etc.

细胞防御－天然杀手细胞，T－细胞，巨噬细胞等SpecificAntibodiesagainstdiseaseagents.

针对病原体的特异性抗体SecondaryDefenses 第二道防线NonSp9Antibodies

抗体Antibodiesareproteinsformedinresponsetoaninfection.

抗体是对感染发生反应而形成的蛋白质IgG,IgA,IgM,IgEPresenceofAbindicatesexposurebutnot

alwayspresenceofdisease有抗体说明接触过病原，但不一定发病Antibodyleveltestingnotcorrelatedwelltodiseaseresistance

抗体水平与抗病力无很好相关Antibodies 抗体Antibodiesarepr10Ablevel抗体水平Infection感染071421...Ablevel抗体水平Infection0711071421...Ablevel抗体水平Infection感染071421...Ab12071421...Ablevel抗体水平Infection感染071421...Ab13071421...Ablevel抗体水平Infection感染071421...Ab14抗体水平感染071421...抗体水平感染07142115ActivevsPassiveImmunity

主动与被动免疫'Active'ImmunityafterexposuretoapathogenorvaccineAbproduced7to10daysafterexposuretoaantigen.

主动免疫在病原或疫苗接触后产生，抗体产生于与病原接触后7～10天'Passive'Immunity- transferofantibodiesfromananotheranimalthathasbeenactivelyimmunized.

被动免疫－抗体由主动免疫过的动物转移而来

ColostrumandAntiserumarepassiveimmunity

初乳和抗血清带来的免疫力是被动免疫ActivevsPassiveImmunity

主动与16Colostrum 初乳Thecolostrumcontainsconcentratedantibody(mostlyIgGandIgM).

初乳含有高浓度抗体（多数是IgG和IgM）Pinocytosiscanoccureffectivelyonlywithinthefirst18hoursoflife.

初乳的有效吸收仅发生在出生后18小时内Colostrum 初乳Thecolostrumcont17猪病控制基本原理课件18猪病控制基本原理课件19猪病控制基本原理课件20猪病控制基本原理课件21猪病控制基本原理课件22免疫模型ImmunityModelMaternalAbtypicallylastsfor3-4weeks.母源抗体一般持续3－4周ImmunodeficientSoworPoorColostrumIntakeVaccinatedSowUnvacc.SowBirth 3weeksImmunity免疫缺陷的母猪，或初乳摄入不足免疫模型ImmunityModelMaternalAb23681012141618202224周伪狂犬病免疫模型PRVAblastsupto16weeks.伪狂犬病母源抗体可持续16周ImmunodeficientSoworPoorColostrumIntakeVaccinatedSowUnvacc.SowBirth weeks免疫缺陷的母猪，或初乳摄入不足681012141618202224免疫模型Abresponseaftersinglevaccination一次免疫接种后的抗体应答免疫模型Abresponseaftersinglev25免疫模型BoosterEffect强化效果免疫模型BoosterEffect26免疫模型母原抗体干扰MaternalAbInterference免疫缺陷的母猪，免疫模型免疫缺陷的母猪，27免疫模型理想免疫模式为在被动免疫消失前激活主动免疫CombinedMaternalandActiveImmunity免疫模型理想免疫模式为在被动免疫消失前激活主动免疫Combi28免疫和感染 ImmunityandInfection感染压力Infectionexposure免疫水平Immunelevel生病健康HealthSickness免疫和感染 ImmunityandInfection感染29免疫和感染Lightexposure感染压力小

Immunized

免疫良好生病健康免疫和感染 ImmunityandInfectionHealthandprosperity免疫和感染Lightexposure生病健康免疫和感染 I30免疫和感染感染压力大免疫不足发病，经济损失健康DiseaseandEconomicLossHeavyExposureImmunitynotEnough免疫和感染感染压力大免疫不足发病，经济损失健康Disease31VariabilityofImmunity

免疫力的变异性SeasonalFactors 季节因素EnvironmentalFactors 环境因素Stressors 应激因素NutritionalDeficiencies 营养缺陷VariabilityofImmunity

免疫力的变异32免疫模型免疫模型ExposureVeryHighHighLowImmunity免疫缺陷的母猪，免疫模型免疫模型ExposureVeryHighHighL33免疫模型ExposureVeryHighHighLowImmunity免疫缺陷的母猪，免疫模型ExposureVeryHighHighLowIm34免疫模型WindowofOpportunity免疫缺陷的母猪，免疫模型Windowof免疫缺陷的母猪，35Segregation,Isolation,Sanitation,Immunization 分离，隔离，卫生，免疫Separatesickpigsfromhealthy

将病猪与健康猪隔离Uselogicalandeffectivesanitation

进行合理有效的卫生消毒

strongchemicals 强效药剂BetterEnvironments环境管理Usecontrolledexposure+vaccines

有控制地接触病原＋免疫接种

Diagnosis

诊断Periodicreviewoftheprogram 方案的阶段性总结Segregation,Isolation,Sanita36SwineDiseaseControlPrinciples

猪病控制的基本原理

作者：LarryFirkins,DVM,MS,MBAUniversityofIllinoisCollegeofVeterinaryMedicine美国伊利诺斯大学兽医学院SwineDiseaseControlPrincipl37EconomicCostofDisease疾病的经济损失DeathLoss 死亡损失ObviouslySickPigs 明显的病猪TreatmentCosts 治疗开支LostProduction 生产损失LostAccesstoMarkets市场的丧失EconomicCostofDisease38Disease

疾病Alterationofthestateofthebody,orinsomeofitsorgans,whichinterruptsordisturbstheproperperformanceofthebodilyfunctions.机体或者其部分器官的状态发生改变，引起机体正常功能的紊乱Disease

疾病Alterationofthest39Infection

感染Amicroorganismentersapigandcausesadisturbanceoffunction.

微生物侵入猪体，引起功能紊乱DiseasesthatarearesultofinfectionareInfectiousDiseases.

感染引起的的疾病为传染性疾病Non-infectiousdiseasescanbetheresultofGeneticfactors,Nutritionalcauses,Toxicfactors,Management,etc.

非传染性疾病可能由遗传、营养、毒素、管理等因素引起MostdiseasesofswineareMulti-Factorial.

猪的多数疾病由多种因素引起Infection 感染Amicroorganisme40Infection

感染Organismssuchasbacteria,viruses,etc., thatcancausediseasearecalledPathogens.

细菌，病毒等引起疾病的微生物称为病原Notallmicroorganismsarepathogenic.

并非所有微生物都有致病性Someareopportunists.

有些是条件性病原体Somearenon-pathogenic,somearehelpful.

有些为非致病性的，有些则有益Infection 感染Organismssuchas41SourcesofInfection 感染源Directcontactwithadiseasedpig

与病猪直接接触ContactthroughFomites. 与污染物接触

boots,trucks,dirtyequipment,people鞋，车，脏污的设备，人员ContactwithDiseaseCarriers.

与疾病携带者接触

AirBorneInfections.

空气传播感染SourcesofInfection 感染源Direct42BodyDefenses 机体防御PrimaryDefenses-whichservetohinderorpreventthepassageofdiseaseorganismsintothebody

第一道防线——阻挡或防止病原侵入机体SecondaryDefenses-thatdealwith"bugs"thathavemanagedtogetpasttheprimarydefensesandenterthetissues.

第二道防线——抵御通过了第一防御并进入机体组织的病原BodyDefenses 机体防御PrimaryDef43PrimaryDefenses第一道防线Skin 皮肤Mucus 粘膜Air-filteringsystem 空气过滤系统Cilia 纤毛Acid 酸Enzymes 酶PrimaryDefenses第一道防线Skin 皮肤44SecondaryDefenses

第二道防线NonSpecificChemicalDefensessuchasenzymes,interferon,etc.

非特异性化学物质防御，如酶，干扰素等Cellulardefenses-"Natural"killercells,T-cells,Macrophages,etc.

细胞防御－天然杀手细胞，T－细胞，巨噬细胞等SpecificAntibodiesagainstdiseaseagents.

针对病原体的特异性抗体SecondaryDefenses 第二道防线NonSp45Antibodies

抗体Antibodiesareproteinsformedinresponsetoaninfection.

抗体是对感染发生反应而形成的蛋白质IgG,IgA,IgM,IgEPresenceofAbindicatesexposurebutnot

alwayspresenceofdisease有抗体说明接触过病原，但不一定发病Antibodyleveltestingnotcorrelatedwelltodiseaseresistance

抗体水平与抗病力无很好相关Antibodies 抗体Antibodiesarepr46Ablevel抗体水平Infection感染071421...Ablevel抗体水平Infection0747071421...Ablevel抗体水平Infection感染071421...Ab48071421...Ablevel抗体水平Infection感染071421...Ab49071421...Ablevel抗体水平Infection感染071421...Ab50抗体水平感染071421...抗体水平感染07142151ActivevsPassiveImmunity

主动与被动免疫'Active'ImmunityafterexposuretoapathogenorvaccineAbproduced7to10daysafterexposuretoaantigen.

主动免疫在病原或疫苗接触后产生，抗体产生于与病原接触后7～10天'Passive'Immunity- transferofantibodiesfromananotheranimalthathasbeenactivelyimmunized.

被动免疫－抗体由主动免疫过的动物转移而来

ColostrumandAntiserumarepassiveimmunity

初乳和抗血清带来的免疫力是被动免疫ActivevsPassiveImmunity

主动与52Colostrum 初乳Thecolostrumcontainsconcentratedantibody(mostlyIgGandIgM).

初乳含有高浓度抗体（多数是IgG和IgM）Pinocytosiscanoccureffectivelyonlywithinthefirst18hoursoflife.

初乳的有效吸收仅发生在出生后18小时内Colostrum 初乳Thecolostrumcont53猪病控制基本原理课件54猪病控制基本原理课件55猪病控制基本原理课件56猪病控制基本原理课件57猪病控制基本原理课件58免疫模型ImmunityModelMaternalAbtypicallylastsfor3-4weeks.母源抗体一般持续3－4周ImmunodeficientSoworPoorColostrumIntakeVaccinatedSowUnvacc.SowBirth 3weeksImmunity免疫缺陷的母猪，或初乳摄入不足免疫模型ImmunityModelMaternalAb59681012141618202224周伪狂犬病免疫模型PRVAblastsupto16weeks.伪狂犬病母源抗体可持续16周ImmunodeficientSoworPoorColostrumIntakeVaccinatedSowUnvacc.SowBirth weeks免疫缺陷的母猪，或初乳摄入不足681012141618202260免疫模型Abresponseaftersinglevaccination一次免疫接种后的抗体应答免疫模型Abresponseaftersinglev61免疫模型BoosterEffect强化效果免疫模型BoosterEffect62免疫模型母原抗体干扰MaternalAbInterference免疫缺陷的母猪，免疫模型免疫缺陷的母猪，63免疫模型理想免疫模式为在被动免疫消失前激活主动免疫CombinedMaternalandActiveImmunity免疫模型理想免疫模式为在被动免疫消失前激活主动免疫Com